Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas
As an alternative for pest management, plants were developed to express lethal proteins against target insects, which may develop resistance due to their constant exposure to these proteins. To monitor changes in susceptibility to Cry1Ac pro-tein and determine the effect exerted by the diet composit...
- Autores:
-
Romero, Laura
Duarte, William
Mejía, Rodolfo
Arévalo Maldonado, Helber Adrian
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2012
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/1834
- Acceso en línea:
- https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/838
- Palabra clave:
- Bellotero del algodonero
Bacillus thuringiensis
Tolerancia
Bioensayos
Heliothis virescens
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Susceptibility of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) to Cry1Ac protein incorporated to meridic diets |
| title |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| spellingShingle |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas Bellotero del algodonero Bacillus thuringiensis Tolerancia Bioensayos Heliothis virescens Lepidoptera Noctuidae |
| title_short |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| title_full |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| title_fullStr |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| title_sort |
Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicas |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Romero, Laura Duarte, William Mejía, Rodolfo Arévalo Maldonado, Helber Adrian |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Romero, Laura Duarte, William Mejía, Rodolfo Arévalo Maldonado, Helber Adrian |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bellotero del algodonero Bacillus thuringiensis Tolerancia Bioensayos |
| topic |
Bellotero del algodonero Bacillus thuringiensis Tolerancia Bioensayos Heliothis virescens Lepidoptera Noctuidae |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Heliothis virescens Lepidoptera Noctuidae |
| description |
As an alternative for pest management, plants were developed to express lethal proteins against target insects, which may develop resistance due to their constant exposure to these proteins. To monitor changes in susceptibility to Cry1Ac pro-tein and determine the effect exerted by the diet composition on the susceptibility of Heliothis virescens, bioassays were carried out in the U.D.C.A ́s laboratory of Agricultural Bio-technology with populations collected on Desmodium sp., at Espinal, Tolima. The diets employed were ICRISAT, Greene and Shorey & Hale, incorporating serial concentrations of Cry1Ac, ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm. Bioassays consisted of six treatments and six replicates; each experimental unit was represented by a plastic cup with diet, in which one or five neonate larvae were placed. With the mortality assessed at day seven the lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated. The diet composition influenced the susceptibility response. The LC50 obtained for Heliothis in 2011 (0.956 ppm) indi-cates that this insect lost susceptibility to Cry1Ac expressed by Bollgard®; however, this plant variety still has control over the species. Results also showed that the mortality obtained with five larvae per experimental unit was influenced by can-nibalism and not by the consumption of Cry1Ac, indicating that only one larva per container should be used to eliminate the effect of cannibalism on mortality. |
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2012 |
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2012-07 |
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2019-07-18T19:41:21Z |
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2019-07-18T19:41:21Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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Text |
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0123-4226 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/838 |
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305294 |
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0123-4226 305294 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/838 |
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spa |
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spa |
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Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 15, No. 2 (Jul.-Dic. 2012). -- páginas 381-389 |
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Agricultura |
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
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Romero, LauraDuarte, WilliamMejía, RodolfoArévalo Maldonado, Helber Adrian2019-07-18T19:41:21Z2019-07-18T19:41:21Z2012-070123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/838305294As an alternative for pest management, plants were developed to express lethal proteins against target insects, which may develop resistance due to their constant exposure to these proteins. To monitor changes in susceptibility to Cry1Ac pro-tein and determine the effect exerted by the diet composition on the susceptibility of Heliothis virescens, bioassays were carried out in the U.D.C.A ́s laboratory of Agricultural Bio-technology with populations collected on Desmodium sp., at Espinal, Tolima. The diets employed were ICRISAT, Greene and Shorey & Hale, incorporating serial concentrations of Cry1Ac, ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm. Bioassays consisted of six treatments and six replicates; each experimental unit was represented by a plastic cup with diet, in which one or five neonate larvae were placed. With the mortality assessed at day seven the lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated. The diet composition influenced the susceptibility response. The LC50 obtained for Heliothis in 2011 (0.956 ppm) indi-cates that this insect lost susceptibility to Cry1Ac expressed by Bollgard®; however, this plant variety still has control over the species. Results also showed that the mortality obtained with five larvae per experimental unit was influenced by can-nibalism and not by the consumption of Cry1Ac, indicating that only one larva per container should be used to eliminate the effect of cannibalism on mortality.Como alternativa de manejo a diversas plagas, se desarrollaron plantas modificadas que expresan proteínas letales contra insectos, a las cuales, pueden desarrollan resistencia las plagas, por la constante exposición a la proteína. Con el fin de monitorear los cambios en la susceptibilidad a la proteína Cry1Ac y determinar el efecto que ejerce la composición de la dieta merídica sobre la susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens, se adelantaron bioensayos en el laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola de la U.D.C.A, con poblaciones colectadas en Desmodium sp., en el municipio El Espinal, Tolima. A las dietas ICRISAT, Greene y Shorey & Hale, se les incorporaron concentraciones seriadas de Cry1Ac, que oscilaban entre 0,01 y 100 ppm. Los bioensayos contaban con seis tratamientos, seis repeticiones y cada unidad experimental estaba representada por un vaso plástico con dieta, donde se colocaron una o cinco larvas neonatas. Con la mortalidad evaluada a los siete días, se determinó la concentración letal (CL50). Se comprobó que la composición de la dieta influye en la respuesta de susceptibilidad. La CL50 obtenida para H. virescens, en el 2011 (0,956ppm), indica que esta plaga per- dió susceptibilidad a la Cry1Ac, expresada por el Bollgard®; sin embargo, esta variedad de algodonero todavía ejerce control sobre H. virescens. También se observó que la mortalidad obtenida con cinco larvas por unidad experimental estaba influenciada por el canibalismo y no por el consumo de Cry1Ac, sugiriendo que para los próximos ensayos se utilice, para eliminar el efecto que tiene el canibalismo sobre la mortalidad, solamente una larva por recipiente.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2012Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 15, No. 2 (Jul.-Dic. 2012). -- páginas 381-389AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Susceptibilidad de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) a la proteína Cry1Ac incorporada a dietas merídicasSusceptibility of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) to Cry1Ac protein incorporated to meridic dietsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Bellotero del algodoneroBacillus thuringiensisToleranciaBioensayosHeliothis virescensLepidopteraNoctuidaePublicationORIGINAL838-Texto del artículo-2866-1-10-20180910.pdf838-Texto del artículo-2866-1-10-20180910.pdfapplication/pdf1043784https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/34fed051-dd0c-44be-9c62-8d6aaeafdc2e/download1eabe629a1f5e9c2f5446f62fe358656MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/4bab0306-0538-4272-b073-30930951aae3/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXT838-Texto del artículo-2866-1-10-20180910.pdf.txt838-Texto del artículo-2866-1-10-20180910.pdf.txtExtracted 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

 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