Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida
A lo largo de los últimos años, se han realizado diversas aplicaciones de compuestos de madera y plástico (Wood Plastic Composites: WPC) a nivel industrial y doméstico, lo cual ha potenciado poco a poco su aparición en diversos nichos globales del mercado. Generalmente, estos compuestos de madera y...
- Autores:
-
Guio Rentería, Doris Milena
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/5911
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/5911
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Compuestos de madera y plástico
Análisis de ciclo de vida
Aspecto ambiental
Impacto ambiental
Proceso productivo
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, 2022
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Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| title |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| spellingShingle |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida Compuestos de madera y plástico Análisis de ciclo de vida Aspecto ambiental Impacto ambiental Proceso productivo |
| title_short |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| title_full |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| title_fullStr |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| title_sort |
Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vida |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Guio Rentería, Doris Milena |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Guio Rentería, Doris Milena |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Compuestos de madera y plástico Análisis de ciclo de vida Aspecto ambiental Impacto ambiental Proceso productivo |
| topic |
Compuestos de madera y plástico Análisis de ciclo de vida Aspecto ambiental Impacto ambiental Proceso productivo |
| description |
A lo largo de los últimos años, se han realizado diversas aplicaciones de compuestos de madera y plástico (Wood Plastic Composites: WPC) a nivel industrial y doméstico, lo cual ha potenciado poco a poco su aparición en diversos nichos globales del mercado. Generalmente, estos compuestos de madera y plástico se han mostrado como un producto ecológico y prometedor. Por tanto, en este estudio, se realizó la recopilación y análisis de información secundaria de diversas investigaciones referentes al análisis de ciclo de vida de los WPC y se contrastó con los datos obtenidos en una visita técnica a una empresa productora de madera plástica en Antioquia, Colombia, para determinar así, los aspectos e impactos ambientales asociados al proceso productivo de los WPC y comparar dichos resultados con las cargas ambientales de otros materiales como la madera y el plástico. |
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2022 |
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2022-06-03 |
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2024-09-24T16:54:44Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-24T16:54:44Z |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria |
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spa |
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Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Sustainable Management. Environmental Management, 64, 230- 244. doi:10.1007/s00267-019-01178-3 Ashraf, M. A. (2017). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): a global issue, a global challenge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 4223-4227. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5225-9 Ati-Hellal, M. E., & Hellal, F. (2021). Heavy Metals in the enviroment and healt impact. In T. Otsuki, Environmental Healt (pp. 51-64). doi:10.5772/intechopen.91535 Bergman, R., Sup-Han, H., Oneil, E., & Eastin, I. (2013). Life-cycle assessment of redwood decking in the United States with a comparison to three other decking materials. Forest Products Laboratory. Retrieved from https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/44001 Bhattacharjee, S., & Bajwa, D. (2018). Degradation in the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of natural fiber filled polymer composites due to recycling. Construction and Building Materials, 172, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.010 Birdsey, R., Duffy, P., Smyth, C., Kurz, W. A., Dugan, A. J., & Houghton, R. (2018, Noviembre). Climate, economic, and environmental impacts of producing wood for bioenergy. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab9d5 Carnietto, M. B. (2020, Julio 13). ANÁLISE DE MERCADO DE WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC) NO BRASIL. 27. Botucatu: UNESP. Retrieved from https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/193421/carnietto_mb_me_botfca.pdf?s equence=3&isAllowed=y Chauhan, S. K., Saini, N., & Yadav, V. B. (2014). RECENT TRENDS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AMBIENT AIR & ITS HEALTH IMPACTS: A REVIEW. International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering, 1(8), 667-678. Chen, S. C., & Liao, C. M. (2006). Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources. Science of The Total Environment, 366(1), 112-123. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.047 Dagnino, M., & Nyohena, I. G. (2017). FABRICACIÓN DE PERFILES DE MADERA PLÁSTICA PLAN DE NEGOCIOS PARA UNA EMPRESA EN JUNÍN DE LOS ANDES. 136. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Retrieved from https://repositorio.uade.edu.ar/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/12981/PFI%20FINAL% 20-%20DAGNINO%20NYOHENA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Deviatkin, I., Khan, M., Ernst, E., & Horttanainen, M. (2019). Wooden and Plastic Pallets: A Review of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Studies. sustainability, 11, 5750. doi:10.3390/su11205750 El-Haggar, Salah, M., & Mokhtar, K. (2011). Wood plastic composites. Advances in Composite Materials:, 325-344. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/18857 Elsheikh, A. H., Panchal, H., Shanmugan, S., Muthuramalingam, T., El-Kassas, A. M., & Ramesh, B. (2022). Recent progresses in wood-plastic composites: Pre-processing treatments, manufacturing techniques, recyclability and eco-friendly assessment. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, 100450. doi:10.1016/j.clet.2022.100450 Elsheikh, A. H., Shehabeldeen, T. A., Zhou, J., Showaib, E., & Elaziz, M. A. (2020). Prediction of laser cutting parameters for polymethylmethacrylate sheets using random vector functional link network integrated with equilibrium optimizer. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1377–1388. doi:10.1007/s10845-020-01617-7 EPA. (1993). Provisional guidance for quantitative risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Washington DC: University Of California. Fathi, B., Harirforoush, M., Foruzanmehr, M., Elkoun, S., & Robert, M. (2017). Effect of TEMPO oxidation of flax fibers on the grafting efficiency of silane coupling agents. Journal of Materials Science, 52, 10624–10636. doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1224-1 G&B Import Latinoamérica C.A. (2014, Abril). Fabricación de WPC. Proceso Productivo. Retrieved from https://ecoinnovacion.jimdofree.com/wpc/proceso-productivo/ Gardner, D., Han, Y., & Wang, L. (2015). Wood–Plastic Composite Technology. Current Forestry Reports, 139-150. doi:10.1007/s40725-015-0016-6 Gibier, M., Lacoste, C., Corn, S., Pucci, M., Tran, Q. K., Haurie, L., & Sonnier, R. (2020). Flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites by radiation-curing phosphorus-containing resins. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 170, 108547. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108547 He, Z., Li, G., Chen, J., Huang, Y., An, T., & Zhang, C. (2015). Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops. Environment International, 77, 85-94. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.004 HNY Research. (2022, Enero 06). Global Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Market Research Report 2022 Professional Edition. 138. Retrieved from https://www.rnrmarketresearch.com/global-wood-plastic-composite-wpc-market-researchreport- 2022-professional-edition-market-report.html Huang, D.-Y., Zhou, S.-G., Hong, W., Feng, W.-F., & Tao, L. (2013). Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters emitted from plastic wastes recycling granulation plants in Xingtan Town, South China. Atmospheric Environment, 71, 327-334. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.011 IARC. (2010). Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. 92. IARC Press. Igua, B., & Gil, I. (2019). Planta piloto para la trituración del plástico PET, integrado al sistema de transformación del plástico. UPTC, 6. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/40480196/Planta_piloto_para_la_trituraci%C3%B3n_del_pl%C 3%A1stico_PET_integrado_al_sistema_de_transformaci%C3%B3n_del_pl%C3%A1stico? auto=citations&from=cover_page ISO. (2006). ISO 14044 Gestión ambiental. Análisis del ciclo de vida. Requisitos y directrices. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14044:ed-1:v1:es ISO. (2007, 09 26). NTC - ISO 14040 Gestión Ambiental. Análisis de Ciclo de Vida. Principios y marco de referencia. Bogotá: ICONTEC. Retrieved from http://files.controlambiental5. webnode.com.co/200000127-a0991a28c5/NTC-ISO14040- 2007%20Analisis_CicloVida.pdf Khan, H., Deviatkin, I., Havukainen, J., & Horttanainen, M. (2021). Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 26, 1607-1622. doi:10.1007/s11367- 021-01953-7 Kumar, R., Singh, I., & Ambekar, K. (2021). Chapter 1 - Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate of Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment. Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment, 1-69. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12- 822263-8.00001-4 Lopez, Y., Pes, J., Gustave, D., Gomez, F., Méndez, F., & Nantet, A. (2020). Production of wood-plastic composites using cedrela odorata sawdust waste and recycled thermoplastics mixture from post-consumer products - A sustainable approach for cleaner production in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118723. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118723 Luo, T., & Cheng, S. (2021). The effect of recycled WPC on the performance of composite materials. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 692, 1-6. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/692/3/032092 Mallah, M., Changxing, L., Mallah, M. A., Noreen, S., Liu, Y., Saeed, M., . . . Zhang, Q. (2022). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview. Chemosphere, 296, 133948. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948 Medina, J. E., Saldaña, C., Hernández, V., & Becerra, S. (2011). Diseño de una trituradora para plástico Polietileno de Tereftalato (PET). Hacia la sustentabilidad: Los residuos sólidos como fuente de energía y materia prima, 514-518. Retrieved from http://www.redisa.net/doc/artSim2011/TecnologiasParaElManejoDeResiduosSolidos/Dise %C3%B1o%20de%20una%20trituradora%20para%20pl%C3%A1stico%20Polietileno%20 de%20Tereftalato%20(PET).pdf Méndez, F. C., Parra, A. C., Quiñones, J. R., Montesino, F. M., Rodríguez, H. G., Ybarra, E. J., & Ocañas, F. G. (2014). Distribución granulométrica en subproductos de aserrío para su posible uso en pellets y briquetas. Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales, 5(25), 1132. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007- 11322014000500005 Morton, J., Quarmley, J., & Rossi, L. (2003). Current and emerging applications for natural and woodfiber composites. 7th International Conference of Wood Fiber-Plastic Composite, 19-20. Nadal, M., Schuhmachera, M., & Domingo, J. (2011). Long-term environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in a chemical/petrochemical area: Human health risks. Environmental Pollution, 159(7), 1769-1777. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.007 Najafi, S. (2013). Use of recycled plastics in wood plastic composites – A review. Waste Management, 33(9), 1898-1905. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.017 Niero, M., Felice, F. D., Ren, J., Manzardo, A., & Scipioni, A. (2014). How can a life cycle inventory parametric model streamline life cycle assessment in the wooden pallet sector? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19, 901–918. doi:10.1007/s11367-014- 0705-6 Ohijeagbon, I., Adeleke, A., Mustapha, V., Olorunmaiye, J., Okokpujie, I., & Ikubanni, P. (2020). Development and characterization of wood-polypropylene plastic-cement composite board. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 13, e00365. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00365 Petchwattana, N., Covavisaruch, S., & Sanetuntikul, J. (2012). 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Residue Stabilization in the Fire Retardancy of Wood–Plastic Composites: Combination of Ammonium Polyphosphate, Expandable Graphite, and Red Phosphorus. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 213(22), 2370- 2377. doi:10.1002/macp.201200119 Shahi, P., Behravesh, A. H., Daryabari, S. Y., & Lotfi, M. (2012). Experimental investigation on reprocessing of extruded wood flour/HDPE composites. Polymer Composites, 753-763. doi:10.1002/pc.22201 Smith, P., & Wolcott, M. (2006). Opportunites for wood/natural fiber-plastic composites in residential and industrial applications. Forest Products Journal, 56(3), 4-11. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/e6a49926d215a6bdb0af0c6ad939bfed/1?pqorigsite= gscholar&cbl=25222 Sommerhuber, P. F., Wenker, J. L., Rüter, S., & Krause, A. (2017). Life cycle assessment of wood-plastic composites: Analysing alternative materials and identifying an environmental sound end-of-life option. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 117, 235- 248. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.10.012 Sun, Y., Guo, L., Liu, Y., Wang, W., & Song, Y. (2019). Glue wood veneer to wood-fiber– high-density-polyethylene composite. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 95, 102444. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102444 Valavanidis, A., Iliopoulos, N., Gotsis, G., & Fiotakis, K. (2008). Persistent free radicals, heavy metals and PAHs generated in particulate soot emissions and residue ash from controlled combustion of common types of plastic. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156(1- 3), 277-284. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.019 Verbeek, C., & Berg, L. v. (2010). Extrusion Processing and Properties of Protein-Based Thermoplastics. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295(1), 10-21. doi:10.1002/mame.200900167 Verma, R., Vinoda, K. S., Papireddy, M., & Gowda, A. (2016). Toxic Pollutants from Plastic Waste- A Review. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 701-708. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.069 Völtz, L. R., Guiseppe, I. D., Geng, S., & Oksman, K. (2020). The Effect of Recycling on Wood-Fiber Thermoplastic Composite. Polymers, 12(8), 1750. doi:10.3390/polym12081750 Walker, S., & Rothman, R. (2020). Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 261(10), 121158. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158 Woodpecker. (2019). Sistema de construcción alternativo y pisos Deck. Retrieved from https://woodpecker.com.co/ Yadav, P., Ismail, N., Essalhi, M., Tysklind, M., Athanassiadis, D., & NaserTavajohi. (2021). Assessment of the environmental impact of polymeric membrane production. Journal of Membrane Science, 622(15), 118987. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2020.1189 Yamashita, K., Yamamoto, N., Mizukoshi, A., Noguchi, M., Ni, Y., & Yanagisawa, Y. (2009). Compositions of Volatile Organic Compounds. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(3). doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.3.273 Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Fan, M. (2019). Incorporation of tyre rubber into wood plastic composites to develop novel multifunctional composites: Interface and bonding mechanisms. Industrial Crops and Products, 141(1), 111788. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111788 |
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Guio Rentería, Doris Milenaaffe0e0e-ca67-4455-b694-2e1a880f73ec2024-09-24T16:54:44Z2024-09-24T16:54:44Z2022-06-03APAhttps://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/5911Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución UniversitariaRepositorio TdeAhttps://dspace.tdea.edu.co/A lo largo de los últimos años, se han realizado diversas aplicaciones de compuestos de madera y plástico (Wood Plastic Composites: WPC) a nivel industrial y doméstico, lo cual ha potenciado poco a poco su aparición en diversos nichos globales del mercado. Generalmente, estos compuestos de madera y plástico se han mostrado como un producto ecológico y prometedor. Por tanto, en este estudio, se realizó la recopilación y análisis de información secundaria de diversas investigaciones referentes al análisis de ciclo de vida de los WPC y se contrastó con los datos obtenidos en una visita técnica a una empresa productora de madera plástica en Antioquia, Colombia, para determinar así, los aspectos e impactos ambientales asociados al proceso productivo de los WPC y comparar dichos resultados con las cargas ambientales de otros materiales como la madera y el plástico.PregradoIngeniero(a) Ambiental33 páginasapplication/pdfspaTecnológico de Antioquia, Institución UniversitariaFacultad de IngenieríaIngenieria AmbientalMedellínTecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Compuestos de madera y plástico: Una revisión sobre su proceso productivo y sus implicaciones en el medio ambiente desde una perspectiva del ciclo de vidaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAbdel-Shafy, H., & Mansour, M. (2016). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(1), 107-123. doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.011Alcedo, R. G. (2017). Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COVs) en la Industria de Pinturas y sus Disolventes en Perú – Análisis de Caso y Estrategias de Gestión Ambiental y Salud Ocupacional. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/a612228e26b6d917afd624db145157b2/1?cbl=51922 &diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholarAlharbi, O., Basheer, A. A., Khattab, R., & Ali, I. (2018). Health and environmental effects of persistent organic pollutants. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 263(1), 442-453. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.029Antelava, A., Damilos, S., Hafeez, S., Manos, G., Al-Salem, S., Sharma, B., . . . Constantinou, A. (2019). Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Sustainable Management. Environmental Management, 64, 230- 244. doi:10.1007/s00267-019-01178-3Ashraf, M. A. (2017). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): a global issue, a global challenge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 4223-4227. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5225-9Ati-Hellal, M. E., & Hellal, F. (2021). Heavy Metals in the enviroment and healt impact. In T. Otsuki, Environmental Healt (pp. 51-64). doi:10.5772/intechopen.91535Bergman, R., Sup-Han, H., Oneil, E., & Eastin, I. (2013). Life-cycle assessment of redwood decking in the United States with a comparison to three other decking materials. Forest Products Laboratory. Retrieved from https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/44001Bhattacharjee, S., & Bajwa, D. (2018). Degradation in the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of natural fiber filled polymer composites due to recycling. Construction and Building Materials, 172, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.010Birdsey, R., Duffy, P., Smyth, C., Kurz, W. A., Dugan, A. J., & Houghton, R. (2018, Noviembre). Climate, economic, and environmental impacts of producing wood for bioenergy. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab9d5Carnietto, M. B. (2020, Julio 13). ANÁLISE DE MERCADO DE WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC) NO BRASIL. 27. Botucatu: UNESP. Retrieved from https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/193421/carnietto_mb_me_botfca.pdf?s equence=3&isAllowed=yChauhan, S. K., Saini, N., & Yadav, V. B. (2014). RECENT TRENDS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AMBIENT AIR & ITS HEALTH IMPACTS: A REVIEW. International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering, 1(8), 667-678.Chen, S. C., & Liao, C. M. (2006). Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources. Science of The Total Environment, 366(1), 112-123. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.047Dagnino, M., & Nyohena, I. G. (2017). FABRICACIÓN DE PERFILES DE MADERA PLÁSTICA PLAN DE NEGOCIOS PARA UNA EMPRESA EN JUNÍN DE LOS ANDES. 136. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Retrieved from https://repositorio.uade.edu.ar/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/12981/PFI%20FINAL% 20-%20DAGNINO%20NYOHENA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yDeviatkin, I., Khan, M., Ernst, E., & Horttanainen, M. (2019). Wooden and Plastic Pallets: A Review of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Studies. sustainability, 11, 5750. doi:10.3390/su11205750El-Haggar, Salah, M., & Mokhtar, K. (2011). Wood plastic composites. Advances in Composite Materials:, 325-344. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/18857Elsheikh, A. H., Panchal, H., Shanmugan, S., Muthuramalingam, T., El-Kassas, A. M., & Ramesh, B. (2022). Recent progresses in wood-plastic composites: Pre-processing treatments, manufacturing techniques, recyclability and eco-friendly assessment. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, 100450. doi:10.1016/j.clet.2022.100450Elsheikh, A. H., Shehabeldeen, T. A., Zhou, J., Showaib, E., & Elaziz, M. A. (2020). Prediction of laser cutting parameters for polymethylmethacrylate sheets using random vector functional link network integrated with equilibrium optimizer. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1377–1388. doi:10.1007/s10845-020-01617-7EPA. (1993). Provisional guidance for quantitative risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Washington DC: University Of California.Fathi, B., Harirforoush, M., Foruzanmehr, M., Elkoun, S., & Robert, M. (2017). Effect of TEMPO oxidation of flax fibers on the grafting efficiency of silane coupling agents. Journal of Materials Science, 52, 10624–10636. doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1224-1G&B Import Latinoamérica C.A. (2014, Abril). Fabricación de WPC. Proceso Productivo. Retrieved from https://ecoinnovacion.jimdofree.com/wpc/proceso-productivo/Gardner, D., Han, Y., & Wang, L. (2015). Wood–Plastic Composite Technology. Current Forestry Reports, 139-150. doi:10.1007/s40725-015-0016-6Gibier, M., Lacoste, C., Corn, S., Pucci, M., Tran, Q. K., Haurie, L., & Sonnier, R. (2020). Flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites by radiation-curing phosphorus-containing resins. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 170, 108547. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108547He, Z., Li, G., Chen, J., Huang, Y., An, T., & Zhang, C. (2015). Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops. Environment International, 77, 85-94. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.004HNY Research. (2022, Enero 06). Global Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Market Research Report 2022 Professional Edition. 138. Retrieved from https://www.rnrmarketresearch.com/global-wood-plastic-composite-wpc-market-researchreport- 2022-professional-edition-market-report.htmlHuang, D.-Y., Zhou, S.-G., Hong, W., Feng, W.-F., & Tao, L. (2013). Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters emitted from plastic wastes recycling granulation plants in Xingtan Town, South China. Atmospheric Environment, 71, 327-334. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.011IARC. (2010). Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. 92. IARC Press.Igua, B., & Gil, I. (2019). Planta piloto para la trituración del plástico PET, integrado al sistema de transformación del plástico. UPTC, 6. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/40480196/Planta_piloto_para_la_trituraci%C3%B3n_del_pl%C 3%A1stico_PET_integrado_al_sistema_de_transformaci%C3%B3n_del_pl%C3%A1stico? auto=citations&from=cover_pageISO. (2006). ISO 14044 Gestión ambiental. Análisis del ciclo de vida. Requisitos y directrices. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14044:ed-1:v1:esISO. (2007, 09 26). NTC - ISO 14040 Gestión Ambiental. Análisis de Ciclo de Vida. Principios y marco de referencia. Bogotá: ICONTEC. Retrieved from http://files.controlambiental5. webnode.com.co/200000127-a0991a28c5/NTC-ISO14040- 2007%20Analisis_CicloVida.pdfKhan, H., Deviatkin, I., Havukainen, J., & Horttanainen, M. (2021). Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 26, 1607-1622. doi:10.1007/s11367- 021-01953-7Kumar, R., Singh, I., & Ambekar, K. (2021). Chapter 1 - Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate of Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment. Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment, 1-69. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12- 822263-8.00001-4Lopez, Y., Pes, J., Gustave, D., Gomez, F., Méndez, F., & Nantet, A. (2020). Production of wood-plastic composites using cedrela odorata sawdust waste and recycled thermoplastics mixture from post-consumer products - A sustainable approach for cleaner production in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118723. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118723Luo, T., & Cheng, S. (2021). The effect of recycled WPC on the performance of composite materials. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 692, 1-6. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/692/3/032092Mallah, M., Changxing, L., Mallah, M. A., Noreen, S., Liu, Y., Saeed, M., . . . Zhang, Q. (2022). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview. Chemosphere, 296, 133948. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948Medina, J. E., Saldaña, C., Hernández, V., & Becerra, S. (2011). Diseño de una trituradora para plástico Polietileno de Tereftalato (PET). Hacia la sustentabilidad: Los residuos sólidos como fuente de energía y materia prima, 514-518. Retrieved from http://www.redisa.net/doc/artSim2011/TecnologiasParaElManejoDeResiduosSolidos/Dise %C3%B1o%20de%20una%20trituradora%20para%20pl%C3%A1stico%20Polietileno%20 de%20Tereftalato%20(PET).pdfMéndez, F. C., Parra, A. C., Quiñones, J. R., Montesino, F. M., Rodríguez, H. G., Ybarra, E. J., & Ocañas, F. G. (2014). Distribución granulométrica en subproductos de aserrío para su posible uso en pellets y briquetas. Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales, 5(25), 1132. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007- 11322014000500005Morton, J., Quarmley, J., & Rossi, L. (2003). Current and emerging applications for natural and woodfiber composites. 7th International Conference of Wood Fiber-Plastic Composite, 19-20.Nadal, M., Schuhmachera, M., & Domingo, J. (2011). Long-term environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in a chemical/petrochemical area: Human health risks. Environmental Pollution, 159(7), 1769-1777. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.007Najafi, S. (2013). Use of recycled plastics in wood plastic composites – A review. Waste Management, 33(9), 1898-1905. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.017Niero, M., Felice, F. D., Ren, J., Manzardo, A., & Scipioni, A. (2014). How can a life cycle inventory parametric model streamline life cycle assessment in the wooden pallet sector? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19, 901–918. doi:10.1007/s11367-014- 0705-6Ohijeagbon, I., Adeleke, A., Mustapha, V., Olorunmaiye, J., Okokpujie, I., & Ikubanni, P. (2020). Development and characterization of wood-polypropylene plastic-cement composite board. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 13, e00365. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00365Petchwattana, N., Covavisaruch, S., & Sanetuntikul, J. (2012). Recycling of wood–plastic composites prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and wood flour. Construction and Building Materials, 28(1), 557-560. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.024Pickering, K. L., Efendy, M. G., & Le, T. M. (2016). A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 83, 98-112. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038Ramesh, M., Rajeshkumar, L., Balaji, D., Sasikala, G., Bhuvaneswari, V., Saravanakumar, A., & Bhoopathi, R. (2022). A Critical Review on Wood-Based Polymer Composites: Processing, Properties, and Prospects. Polymers, 14(589). doi:10.3390/polym14030589Ramesh, R., Sadashivappa, K., & L.Sharanaprabhu. (2018). Physical and Mechanical Properties: Hot pressed Phenol Formaldehyde based Wood Plastic Composite. Materialstoday: Proceedings, 5(11), 25331-25340. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.336Seefeldt, H., Braun, U., & Wagner, M. (2012). Residue Stabilization in the Fire Retardancy of Wood–Plastic Composites: Combination of Ammonium Polyphosphate, Expandable Graphite, and Red Phosphorus. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 213(22), 2370- 2377. doi:10.1002/macp.201200119Shahi, P., Behravesh, A. H., Daryabari, S. Y., & Lotfi, M. (2012). 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(2019). Sistema de construcción alternativo y pisos Deck. Retrieved from https://woodpecker.com.co/Yadav, P., Ismail, N., Essalhi, M., Tysklind, M., Athanassiadis, D., & NaserTavajohi. (2021). Assessment of the environmental impact of polymeric membrane production. Journal of Membrane Science, 622(15), 118987. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2020.1189Yamashita, K., Yamamoto, N., Mizukoshi, A., Noguchi, M., Ni, Y., & Yanagisawa, Y. (2009). Compositions of Volatile Organic Compounds. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(3). doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.3.273Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Fan, M. (2019). Incorporation of tyre rubber into wood plastic composites to develop novel multifunctional composites: Interface and bonding mechanisms. Industrial Crops and Products, 141(1), 111788. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111788Compuestos de madera y plásticoAnálisis de ciclo de vidaAspecto ambientalImpacto ambientalProceso productivoORIGINAL6. TDG Doris Guio Renteria.pdf6. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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