Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution

Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not e...

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Autores:
Serna Sánchez, María Alejandra
Pérez Escobar, Óscar Alejandro
Bogarín Chaves, Diego Gerardo
Torres Jiménez, María Fernanda
Álvarez Yela, Astrid Catalina
Arcila Galvis, Juliana Estefanía
Ferreira Hall, Climbiê
De Barros, Fábio
Pinheiro, Fábio
Dodsworth, Steven
Chase, Mark Wayne
Antonelli, Alexandre
Arias Garzón, Tatiana
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Tecnológico de Antioquia
Repositorio:
Repositorio Tdea
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2788
Acceso en línea:
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2788
Palabra clave:
Orchidaceae
Filogenética
Phylogenetics
Plastids
Plastídeos
Familia de las Orquídeas
Orquidáceas
Orchidaceae
Plastidios
Genoma de Plastidios
Genome, Plastid
Genomas de Plastídeos
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
id RepoTdea2_fb7d669ae67c98d2c0ef538623912a38
oai_identifier_str oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2788
network_acronym_str RepoTdea2
network_name_str Repositorio Tdea
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
title Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
spellingShingle Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
Orchidaceae
Filogenética
Phylogenetics
Plastids
Plastídeos
Familia de las Orquídeas
Orquidáceas
Orchidaceae
Plastidios
Genoma de Plastidios
Genome, Plastid
Genomas de Plastídeos
title_short Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
title_full Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
title_fullStr Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
title_full_unstemmed Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
title_sort Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Serna Sánchez, María Alejandra
Pérez Escobar, Óscar Alejandro
Bogarín Chaves, Diego Gerardo
Torres Jiménez, María Fernanda
Álvarez Yela, Astrid Catalina
Arcila Galvis, Juliana Estefanía
Ferreira Hall, Climbiê
De Barros, Fábio
Pinheiro, Fábio
Dodsworth, Steven
Chase, Mark Wayne
Antonelli, Alexandre
Arias Garzón, Tatiana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Serna Sánchez, María Alejandra
Pérez Escobar, Óscar Alejandro
Bogarín Chaves, Diego Gerardo
Torres Jiménez, María Fernanda
Álvarez Yela, Astrid Catalina
Arcila Galvis, Juliana Estefanía
Ferreira Hall, Climbiê
De Barros, Fábio
Pinheiro, Fábio
Dodsworth, Steven
Chase, Mark Wayne
Antonelli, Alexandre
Arias Garzón, Tatiana
dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv Orchidaceae
Filogenética
Phylogenetics
Plastids
Plastídeos
topic Orchidaceae
Filogenética
Phylogenetics
Plastids
Plastídeos
Familia de las Orquídeas
Orquidáceas
Orchidaceae
Plastidios
Genoma de Plastidios
Genome, Plastid
Genomas de Plastídeos
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Familia de las Orquídeas
Orquidáceas
Orchidaceae
Plastidios
Genoma de Plastidios
Genome, Plastid
Genomas de Plastídeos
description Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth–death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling eforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confrmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree branches). We provide for the frst time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the diferent details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-14T21:06:29Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-14T21:06:29Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2788
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2045-2322
url https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2788
identifier_str_mv 2045-2322
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 11
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 6858
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 11
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Scientific Reports
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institution Tecnológico de Antioquia
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spelling Serna Sánchez, María Alejandra4c835444-2b53-497a-b834-755940be190dPérez Escobar, Óscar Alejandro9e042f32-b08c-430d-8324-c8c98f5898d3Bogarín Chaves, Diego Gerardoa1d89cd4-3732-4e20-9f11-f84e58a364faTorres Jiménez, María Fernanda2d92a6eb-7ccc-4dad-8a11-1fe6bcc80c42Álvarez Yela, Astrid Catalina4c047668-cb33-4e1d-87c7-58f7a8f49bceArcila Galvis, Juliana Estefaníaf0e6e533-075c-4ce4-9a5b-f5b432b4e1bcFerreira Hall, Climbiê0ede5b0e-a609-4d6b-92e6-077df3f77c8bDe Barros, Fábio39732994-2edc-4eed-9011-45116cb953f0Pinheiro, Fábio9885003a-da7c-4178-8342-07a08634e43aDodsworth, Stevenbfb1316a-bf29-4f0f-a0e1-4885f9b5ab05Chase, Mark Wayne2a1789f5-d236-4411-a63a-27df0602c4afAntonelli, Alexandre4cefd20e-890b-4ab9-b7fc-a0f2e35f11b0Arias Garzón, Tatiana2460845a-0445-42a8-8cce-5a846f7be20f2023-04-14T21:06:29Z2023-04-14T21:06:29Z2021https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/27882045-2322Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth–death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling eforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confrmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree branches). We provide for the frst time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the diferent details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.11 páginasapplication/pdfengNature Publishing GroupReino Unidohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83664-5Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolutionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85116858111Scientific ReportsGivnish, T. J. et al. Orchid phylogenomics and multiple drivers of their extraordinary diversifcation. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, 1553 (2015)Givnish, T. J. et al. 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Bioinformatics 21, 676–679 (2005).OrchidaceaeFilogenéticaPhylogeneticsPlastidsPlastídeosFamilia de las OrquídeasOrquidáceasOrchidaceaePlastidiosGenoma de PlastidiosGenome, PlastidGenomas de PlastídeosORIGINALPlastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution.pdfPlastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution.pdfapplication/pdf5980681https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2788/1/Plastid%20phylogenomics%20resolves%20ambiguous%20relationships%20within%20the%20orchid%20family%20and%20provides%20a%20solid%20timeframe%20for%20biogeography%20and%20macroevolution.pdfe09db8eabf1cb27e26be2b1607f658ceMD51open accessTEXTPlastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution.pdf.txtPlastid phylogenomics resolves 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.


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