Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005

Residential segregation is both a cause and consequence of socioeconomic inequalities. Since the 1990s, segregation patterns in Latin American cities have changed significantly. This is related to major urban transformations caused by privatization policies related to urban development, commercializ...

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Autores:
López Martínez, Alexandra
Ceballos Mina, Owen Eli
Tipo de recurso:
Part of book
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Tecnológico de Antioquia
Repositorio:
Repositorio Tdea
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2755
Acceso en línea:
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2755
Palabra clave:
Residential Segregation
Segregación residencial
Segregação Residencial
Factores Socioeconómicos
Socioeconomic Factors
Fatores Socioeconômicos
Socioeconomic residential segregation
Income inequality
Bogotá
Desigualdad social
Social inequality
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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oai_identifier_str oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2755
network_acronym_str RepoTdea2
network_name_str Repositorio Tdea
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
title Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
spellingShingle Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
Residential Segregation
Segregación residencial
Segregação Residencial
Factores Socioeconómicos
Socioeconomic Factors
Fatores Socioeconômicos
Socioeconomic residential segregation
Income inequality
Bogotá
Desigualdad social
Social inequality
title_short Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
title_full Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
title_fullStr Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
title_full_unstemmed Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
title_sort Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005
dc.creator.fl_str_mv López Martínez, Alexandra
Ceballos Mina, Owen Eli
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv López Martínez, Alexandra
Ceballos Mina, Owen Eli
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Residential Segregation
Segregación residencial
Segregação Residencial
Factores Socioeconómicos
Socioeconomic Factors
Fatores Socioeconômicos
topic Residential Segregation
Segregación residencial
Segregação Residencial
Factores Socioeconómicos
Socioeconomic Factors
Fatores Socioeconômicos
Socioeconomic residential segregation
Income inequality
Bogotá
Desigualdad social
Social inequality
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv Socioeconomic residential segregation
Income inequality
Bogotá
dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv Desigualdad social
Social inequality
description Residential segregation is both a cause and consequence of socioeconomic inequalities. Since the 1990s, segregation patterns in Latin American cities have changed significantly. This is related to major urban transformations caused by privatization policies related to urban development, commercialization, and real estate activity. The main purpose of this chapter is to study residential socioeconomic segregation in the city of Bogotá, Colombia in 2005, using educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status while considering the drivers of segregation during the 1990s. We also introduce a brief analysis of the relationship between residential segregation and inequality based on a model that allows replicating the income distribution of the population using census variables. This chapter shows that residential segregation in Bogotá is related to per capita income inequality, however, segregation may be caused by the dynamics of land and housing markets rather than inequality. Keywords Socioeconomic residential segregation · Income inequality · Bogotá
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-05T20:15:09Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-05T20:15:09Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Capítulo - Parte de Libro
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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dc.identifier.isbn.spa.fl_str_mv 978-3-030-64568-7
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2755
dc.identifier.eisbn.spa.fl_str_mv 978-3-030-64569-4
identifier_str_mv 978-3-030-64568-7
978-3-030-64569-4
url https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2755
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofseries.none.fl_str_mv The Urban Book Series;
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 450
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 433
dc.relation.ispartofbook.spa.fl_str_mv Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality A Global Perspective
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ábramo P (2003) La teoría económica de la favela: cuatro notas sobre la localización residencial de los pobres y el mercado inmobiliario informal. Ciudad y Territorio: Estudios TerritorialesXXXV:273–294
Alcaldia Mayor de Bogotá , Secretaria Distrital de Planeación (2010) Población y desarrollo urbano 23:52. https://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/InformacionTomaDecisi ones/Estadisticas/Bogot%E1CiudaddeEstad%EDsticas/2010/DICE106-CartillaPobDesalloUrb ano-2010.pdf
Alessandri AF (2013) A Prática Espacial Urbana Como Segregação e o “Direito à Cidade” Como Horizonte Utópico. In: A CIDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA SEGREGAÇÃO ESPACIAL, Sao Pulo, Context, pp 96–110
Aliaga L, Álvarez MJ (2010) Segregación Residencial en Bogotá a través del Tiempo y diferentes escalas. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
Almonacid J (2014) Lógicas contemporáneas de la segregación residencial en tres casos representativos de Bogotá DC. Bdigital.Unal.Edu.Co. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Amézquita L, Sánchez M, Abaunza G (2017) Segregación residencial y transmilenio. In: Rubiano M(ed) Segregación socioespacial.Miradas cruzadas desde Río de Janeiro, Bogotá y sus áreas de influencia metropolitana. Universidad Piloto de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, p 450
Aprile J, Mosquera G (1984) Clases, Segregación y Barrios, 1st edn. Universidad del Valle, Cali
Buzai G (2003) Mapas Urbanos Sociales. Lugar Editorial, Buenos Aires
Cardeño F (2007) Historial del desarrollo urbano del centro de Bogotá (localidad de LosMártires). Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. https://www.culturarecreacionydeporte.gov.co/observ atorio/documentos/investigaciones/estadosArte/HistoriaBta_Martires.pdf
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 18 páginas
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dc.coverage.city.none.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Suiza
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spelling López Martínez, Alexandra472e49c8-a7e3-4986-8a5d-1367eb7f6540Ceballos Mina, Owen Elia222d782-a2a4-4a6c-bf9c-2bf4228032562023-04-05T20:15:09Z2023-04-05T20:15:09Z2021978-3-030-64568-7https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2755978-3-030-64569-4Residential segregation is both a cause and consequence of socioeconomic inequalities. Since the 1990s, segregation patterns in Latin American cities have changed significantly. This is related to major urban transformations caused by privatization policies related to urban development, commercialization, and real estate activity. The main purpose of this chapter is to study residential socioeconomic segregation in the city of Bogotá, Colombia in 2005, using educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status while considering the drivers of segregation during the 1990s. We also introduce a brief analysis of the relationship between residential segregation and inequality based on a model that allows replicating the income distribution of the population using census variables. This chapter shows that residential segregation in Bogotá is related to per capita income inequality, however, segregation may be caused by the dynamics of land and housing markets rather than inequality. Keywords Socioeconomic residential segregation · Income inequality · Bogotá18 páginasapplication/pdfengSpringer NatureSuizaThe Urban Book Series;450433Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality A Global PerspectiveÁbramo P (2003) La teoría económica de la favela: cuatro notas sobre la localización residencial de los pobres y el mercado inmobiliario informal. Ciudad y Territorio: Estudios TerritorialesXXXV:273–294Alcaldia Mayor de Bogotá , Secretaria Distrital de Planeación (2010) Población y desarrollo urbano 23:52. https://www.sdp.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalSDP/InformacionTomaDecisi ones/Estadisticas/Bogot%E1CiudaddeEstad%EDsticas/2010/DICE106-CartillaPobDesalloUrb ano-2010.pdfAlessandri AF (2013) A Prática Espacial Urbana Como Segregação e o “Direito à Cidade” Como Horizonte Utópico. In: A CIDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA SEGREGAÇÃO ESPACIAL, Sao Pulo, Context, pp 96–110Aliaga L, Álvarez MJ (2010) Segregación Residencial en Bogotá a través del Tiempo y diferentes escalas. Lincoln Institute of Land PolicyAlmonacid J (2014) Lógicas contemporáneas de la segregación residencial en tres casos representativos de Bogotá DC. Bdigital.Unal.Edu.Co. Universidad Nacional de ColombiaAmézquita L, Sánchez M, Abaunza G (2017) Segregación residencial y transmilenio. In: Rubiano M(ed) Segregación socioespacial.Miradas cruzadas desde Río de Janeiro, Bogotá y sus áreas de influencia metropolitana. Universidad Piloto de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, p 450Aprile J, Mosquera G (1984) Clases, Segregación y Barrios, 1st edn. Universidad del Valle, CaliBuzai G (2003) Mapas Urbanos Sociales. Lugar Editorial, Buenos AiresCardeño F (2007) Historial del desarrollo urbano del centro de Bogotá (localidad de LosMártires). 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
