Predicting haplogroups using a versatile machine learning program (PredYMaLe) on a new mutationally balanced 32 Y-STR multiplex (CombYplex): Unlocking the full potential of the human STR mutation rate spectrum to estimate forensic parameters

We developed a new mutationally well-balanced 32 Y-STR multiplex (CombYplex) together with a machine learning (ML) program PredYMaLe to assess the impact of STR mutability on haplogourp prediction, while respecting forensic community criteria (high DC/HD). We designed CombYplex around two sub-panels M1 and M2 characterized by average and high-mutation STR panels. Using these two sub-panels, we tested how our program PredYmale reacts to mutability when considering basal branches and, moving down, terminal branches. We tested first the discrimination capacity of CombYplex on 996 human samples using various forensic and statistical parameters and showed that its resolution is sufficient to separate haplogroup classes. In parallel, PredYMaLe was designed and used to test whether a ML approach can predict haplogroup classes from Y-STR profiles. Applied to our kit, SVM and Random Forest classifiers perform very well (average 97 %), better than Neural Network (average 91 %) and Bayesian methods (< 90 %). We observe heterogeneity in haplogroup assignation accuracy among classes, with most haplogroups having high prediction scores (99–100 %) and two (E1b1b and G) having lower scores (67 %). The small sample sizes of these classes explain the high tendency to misclassify the Y-profiles of these haplogroups; results were measurably improved as soon as more training data were added. We provide evidence that our ML approach is a robust method to accurately predict haplogroups when it is combined with a sufficient number of markers, well-balanced mutation rate Y-STR panels, and large ML training sets. Further research on confounding factors (such as CNV-STR or gene conversion) and ideal STR panels in regard to the branches analysed can be developed to help classifiers further optimize prediction scores.

• Autores: Bouakaze, Caroline; Delehelle, Franklin; Sáenz Oyhéréguy, Nancy; Moreira, Andreia; Schiavinato, Stéphanie; Croze, Myriam; Delon, Solène; Fortes Lima, Cesar Augusto; Gibert, Morgane; Bujan, Louis; Huyghe, Éric; Bellis, Gil; Calderón Fernández, María del Rosario; Hernández de la Fuente, Candela Lucía; Avendaño Tamayo, Efrén De Jesús; Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel de Jesús; Salas Ellacuriaga, Antonio; Mazières, Stéphane; Charioni, Jacques; Migot Nabias, Florence; Ruiz Linarès, Andrés; Dugoujon, Jean Michel H.; Thèves, Catherine; Mollereau Manaute, Catherine; Noûs, Camille; Poulet, Nicolas; King, Turi; D'Amato, María Eugenia; Balaresque, Patricia L.
• Fecha de publicación: 2020
• Institución: Tecnológico de Antioquia
• Repositorio: Repositorio Tdea
• Idioma: eng
• OAI Identifier: oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2903
• Acceso en línea: https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2903
• Palabra clave: Machine learning; Apprentissage machine; Aprendizagem electrónica; Aprendizaje automático; Y-STR; Precisión de asignación y haplogrupo predicción (hg predicción); Assignation accuracy and haplogroup prediction (hg prediction); Incremental mutation rates; Tasas de mutación incrementales
• Rights: closedAccess
• License: http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb