Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications
In this work, the efficiency of two horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbines, whose blades were designed with and without multi-element hydrofoil cross-sections, has been numerical and experimentally inves- tigated for tip speed ratio (k) values ranging between 2.5 and 9.0 to compare the experimental r...
- Autores:
-
Aguilar Bedoya, Jonathan
Velásquez García, Laura Isabel
Romero Menco, Fredys
Betancour Osorio, Johan Slayton
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa
Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2710
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2710
- Palabra clave:
- 6-DoF
Horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine
Multi-element hydrofoil
High-lift hydrofoil
Hydrofoil-flap arrangement
Optimization
Optimización
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| title |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| spellingShingle |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications 6-DoF Horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine Multi-element hydrofoil High-lift hydrofoil Hydrofoil-flap arrangement Optimization Optimización |
| title_short |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| title_full |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| title_fullStr |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| title_sort |
Numerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Aguilar Bedoya, Jonathan Velásquez García, Laura Isabel Romero Menco, Fredys Betancour Osorio, Johan Slayton Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Aguilar Bedoya, Jonathan Velásquez García, Laura Isabel Romero Menco, Fredys Betancour Osorio, Johan Slayton Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
6-DoF Horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine Multi-element hydrofoil High-lift hydrofoil Hydrofoil-flap arrangement |
| topic |
6-DoF Horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine Multi-element hydrofoil High-lift hydrofoil Hydrofoil-flap arrangement Optimization Optimización |
| dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv |
Optimization Optimización |
| description |
In this work, the efficiency of two horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbines, whose blades were designed with and without multi-element hydrofoil cross-sections, has been numerical and experimentally inves- tigated for tip speed ratio (k) values ranging between 2.5 and 9.0 to compare the experimental rotor per- formance with numerical results. The Eppler 420 hydrofoil was used for the design of the blades applying the blade element momentum (BEM) theory. The variation of the power coefficient curve of the turbines was analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental tests through ANSYs Fluent software with six-degrees of freedom (6-DoF) user-defined function (UDF) method and an open hydraulic channel, respectively. Numerically, for the turbine with a multi-element hydrofoil and without a multi- element (traditional) hydrofoil, maximum power coefficients (CPmax) of 0.5050 and 0.419 (at a k value equal to 7.129 and 6.739, respectively) were obtained. It is worth noting that a reasonable agreement between the numerical and the experimental results was achieved. In this regard, the blade with a multi-element hydrofoil has a positive influence on the hydrokinetic turbine performance; therefore, it can be used for power generation in river or marine systems. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-28T22:40:16Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-28T22:40:16Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2710 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2213-1558 |
| url |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2710 |
| identifier_str_mv |
2213-1558 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
12 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of King Saud University. Engineering sciences. |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abutunis, A., Hussein, R., Chandrashekhara, K., 2019. A neural network approach to enhance blade element momentum theory performance for horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine application. Renewable Energy 136, 1281–1293 Aguilar, J., Rubio-Clemente, A., Velasquez, L., Chica, E., 2019. Design and optimization of a multi-element hydrofoil for a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine. Energies 12, 4679. Andreadis, K.M., Schumann, G.J.-P., Pavelsky, T., 2013. A simple global river bankfull width and depth database. Water Resources Research 49, 7164–7168. Atcheson, M., MacKinnon, P., Elsaesser, B., 2015. A large scale model experimental study of a tidal turbine in uniform steady flow. Ocean Engineering 110, 51–61. Bahaj, A., Molland, A., Chaplin, J., Batten, W., 2007. Power and thrust measurements of marine current turbines under various hydrodynamic flow conditions in a cavitation tunnel and a towing tank. Renewable Energy 32, 407–426 Batten, W., Bahaj, A., Molland, A., Chaplin, J., 2008. The prediction of the hydrodynamic performance of marine current turbines. Renewable Energy 33, 1085–1096. Baykov, A., Dar’enkov, A., Kurkin, A., Sosnina, E., 2019. Mathematical modelling of a tidal power station with diesel and wind units. Journal of King Saud University- Science 31, 1491–1498 Bhargava, V., Dwivedi, Y., Rao, P., 2017. Analysis of multi-element airfoil configurations: a numerical approach. MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 1, 83–88. Chen, T., Jiang, X., Wang, H., Li, Q., Li, M., Wu, Z., 2020. Investigation of leading-edge slat on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blade. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 0954406220941883. Chica, E., Rubio-Clemente, A., 2017. Design of zero head turbines for power generation. IntechOpen. Chica, E., Perez, F., Rubio-Clemente, A., Agudelo, S., 2015. Design of a hydrokinetic turbine. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 195, 137–148. Chica, E., Pérez, F., Rubio-Clemente, A., 2016. Rotor structural design of a hydrokinetic turbine. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 11, 2890–2897. Doman, D.A., Murray, R.E., Pegg, M.J., Gracie, K., Johnstone, C.M., Nevalainen, T., 2015. Tow-tank testing of a 1/20th scale horizontal axis tidal turbine with uncertainty analysis. International Journal of Marine Energy 11, 105–119. Franco, A., Shaker, M., Kalubi, D., Hostettler, S., 2017. A review of sustainable energy access and technologies for healthcare facilities in the global south. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 22, 92–105. Gallego, E., Rubio-Clemente, A., Pineda, J., Velásquez, L., Chica, E., 2021. Experimental analysis on the performance of a pico-hydro turgo turbine. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 33, 266–275. Goundar, J.N., Ahmed, M.R., Lee, Y.-H., 2012. Numerical and experimental studies on hydrofoils for marine current turbines. Renewable Energy 42, 173–179. Jaume, A.M., Wild, J., 2016. Aerodynamic design and optimization of a high-lift device for a wind turbine airfoil, in: New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics X, Springer, 2016, pp. 859–869.. Jeffcoate, P., Whittaker, T., Boake, C., Elsaesser, B., 2016. Field tests of multiple 1/10 scale tidal turbines in steady flows. Renewable Energy 87, 240–252. Kang, C., Zhao, H., Zhang, Y., Ding, K., 2021. Effects of upstream deflector on flow characteristics and startup performance of a drag-type hydrokinetic rotor. Renewable Energy 172, 290–303. Ke, S., Wen-Quan, W., Yan, Y., 2020a. Experimental and numerical analysis of a multilayer composite ocean current turbine blade. Ocean Engineering 198, 106977. Ke, S., Wen-Quan, W., Yan, Y., 2020b. The hydrodynamic performance of a tidal- stream turbine in shear flow. Ocean Engineering 199, 107035. Kirke, B., 2019. Hydrokinetic and ultra-low head turbines in rivers: A reality check. Energy for Sustainable Development 52, 1–10. Manwell, J., McGowan, J., Rogers, A., 2009. Aerodynamics of wind turbines. Wind energy explained, 91–155. Mao, G., Wang, S., Teng, Q., Zuo, J., Tan, X., Wang, H., Liu, Z., 2017. The sustainable future of hydropower: A critical analysis of cooling units via the theory of inventive problem solving and life cycle assessment methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 142, 2446–2453 Menter, F.R., 1994. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal 32, 1598–1605. Morandi, B., Di Felice, F., Costanzo, M., Romano, G., Dhomé, D., Allo, J., 2016. Experimental investigation of the near wake of a horizontal axis tidal current turbine. International Journal of Marine Energy 14, 229–247. Muheisen, A.H., Yass, M.A., Irthiea, I.K., 2021. Enhancement of horizontal wind turbine blade performance using multiple airfoils sections and fences. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences. Muratoglu, A., Tekin, R., Ertug ̆rul, Ö.F., 2021. Hydrodynamic optimization of high- performance blade sections for stall regulated hydrokinetic turbines using differential evolution algorithm. Ocean Engineering 220, 108389. Mycek, P., Gaurier, B., Germain, G., Pinon, G., Rivoalen, E., 2014a. Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. part i: One single turbine. Renewable Energy 66, 729–746. Mycek, P., Gaurier, B., Germain, G., Pinon, G., Rivoalen, E., 2014b. Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. part ii: Two interacting turbines. Renewable Energy 68, 876–892. Narsipur, S., Pomeroy, B., Selig, M., 2012. Cfd analysis of multielement airfoils for wind turbines. In: 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, p. 2781 Prakoso, A.P., Siswantara, A.I., Adanta, D., 2019. Comparison between 6-dof udf and moving mesh approaches in cfd methods for predicting cross-flow pico-hydro turbine performance. CFD Letters 11, 86–96. Prakoso, A.P., Adanta, D., Irwansyah, R., et al., 2020. Approach for a breastshot waterwheel numerical simulation methodology using six degrees of freedom. Energy Reports 6, 611–616. Ragheb, A., Selig, M., 2011. Multi-element airfoil configurations for wind turbines. In: 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, p. 3971. Ragheb, A.M., Selig, M.S., 2017. Multielement airfoils for wind turbines. In: Wind Energy Engineering. Elsevier, pp. 203–219. Ridway, B., Aditya, R., Delly, J., 2014. Blade number effect for a horizontal axis river current turbine at a low velocity condition utilizing a parametric study with mathematical model of blade element momentum. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 2. Schleicher, W., Riglin, J., Oztekin, A., 2015. Numerical characterization of a preliminary portable micro-hydrokinetic turbine rotor design. Renewable Energy 76, 234–241. Seo, J., Lee, S.-J., Choi, W.-S., Park, S.T., Rhee, S.H., 2016. Experimental study on kinetic energy conversion of horizontal axis tidal stream turbine. Renewable Energy 97, 784–797 Shinomiya, L., Vaz, J., Mesquita, A., de Oliveira, T., Brasil Jr, A., Silva, P., 2015. An approach for the optimum hydrodynamic design of hydrokinetic turbine blades. Revista de Engenharia Térmica 14, 43–46. P.A. Silva, T.F. OLIVEIRA, A.C. Brasil Junior, J.R. Vaz, Numerical study of wake characteristics in a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88 (2016) 2441–2456.. Soulat, L., Pouangue, A.F., Moreau, S., 2016. A high-order sensitivity method for multi-element high-lift device optimization. Computers & Fluids 124, 105–116. P. Srihari, P. Narayana, K.L. Rao, J.D. Venkatesh, P. Rajesh, 2019. Influence of slat and flaps arrangement on the performance of modified darrieus wind turbine, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2200, AIP Publishing LLC, 2019, p. 020012.. Subhra, S., Kolekar, N., Banerjee, A., Mishra, R., 2011. Numerical investigation and evaluation of optimum hydrodynamic performance of a horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 3, 063105. Tian, W., Mao, Z., Ding, H., 2018a. Design, test and numerical simulation of a low- speed horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 10, 782–793. Tian, W., Mao, Z., Ding, H., 2018b. Design, test and numerical simulation of a low- speed horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 10, 782–793. Wang, W.-Q., Yin, R., Yan, Y., 2019. Design and prediction hydrodynamic performance of horizontal axis micro-hydrokinetic river turbine. Renewable Energy 133, 91–102. Yavuz, T., Koç, E., Kılkısß, B., Erol, Ö., Balas, C., Aydemir, T., 2015. Performce analysis of the airfoil-slat arrangements for hydro and wind turbine applications. Renewable Energy 74, 414–421. Yildiz, V., Vrugt, J.A., 2019. A toolbox for the optimal design of run-of-river hydropower plants. Environmental Modelling & Software 111, 134–152. Yuce, M.I., Muratoglu, A., 2015. Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems: A technology status review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 43, 72– 82. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
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Amsterdam: Elsevier |
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Aguilar Bedoya, Jonathan80cce53b-b8d9-402e-9ca3-16e60e2d7354Velásquez García, Laura Isabel11a92509-a1af-4051-a2d5-dccfe020846eRomero Menco, Fredysb04f7558-8816-400a-9a77-dc7e45218130Betancour Osorio, Johan Slaytonea4a5187-e868-44ae-990f-8591df1caf2fRubio Clemente, Ainhoa8924cc9a-a600-460b-b180-3288281741e5Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenina3a70685-f160-43b7-8bd2-46fcfa5c040e2023-03-28T22:40:16Z2023-03-28T22:40:16Z2021https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/27102213-1558In this work, the efficiency of two horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbines, whose blades were designed with and without multi-element hydrofoil cross-sections, has been numerical and experimentally inves- tigated for tip speed ratio (k) values ranging between 2.5 and 9.0 to compare the experimental rotor per- formance with numerical results. The Eppler 420 hydrofoil was used for the design of the blades applying the blade element momentum (BEM) theory. The variation of the power coefficient curve of the turbines was analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental tests through ANSYs Fluent software with six-degrees of freedom (6-DoF) user-defined function (UDF) method and an open hydraulic channel, respectively. Numerically, for the turbine with a multi-element hydrofoil and without a multi- element (traditional) hydrofoil, maximum power coefficients (CPmax) of 0.5050 and 0.419 (at a k value equal to 7.129 and 6.739, respectively) were obtained. It is worth noting that a reasonable agreement between the numerical and the experimental results was achieved. In this regard, the blade with a multi-element hydrofoil has a positive influence on the hydrokinetic turbine performance; therefore, it can be used for power generation in river or marine systems.12 páginasapplication/pdfengAmsterdam: ElsevierNetherlandshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101836392100115XNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applicationsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85121Journal of King Saud University. Engineering sciences.Abutunis, A., Hussein, R., Chandrashekhara, K., 2019. A neural network approach to enhance blade element momentum theory performance for horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine application. Renewable Energy 136, 1281–1293Aguilar, J., Rubio-Clemente, A., Velasquez, L., Chica, E., 2019. Design and optimization of a multi-element hydrofoil for a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine. Energies 12, 4679.Andreadis, K.M., Schumann, G.J.-P., Pavelsky, T., 2013. A simple global river bankfull width and depth database. Water Resources Research 49, 7164–7168.Atcheson, M., MacKinnon, P., Elsaesser, B., 2015. A large scale model experimental study of a tidal turbine in uniform steady flow. Ocean Engineering 110, 51–61.Bahaj, A., Molland, A., Chaplin, J., Batten, W., 2007. Power and thrust measurements of marine current turbines under various hydrodynamic flow conditions in a cavitation tunnel and a towing tank. Renewable Energy 32, 407–426Batten, W., Bahaj, A., Molland, A., Chaplin, J., 2008. The prediction of the hydrodynamic performance of marine current turbines. Renewable Energy 33, 1085–1096.Baykov, A., Dar’enkov, A., Kurkin, A., Sosnina, E., 2019. Mathematical modelling of a tidal power station with diesel and wind units. Journal of King Saud University- Science 31, 1491–1498Bhargava, V., Dwivedi, Y., Rao, P., 2017. Analysis of multi-element airfoil configurations: a numerical approach. MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 1, 83–88.Chen, T., Jiang, X., Wang, H., Li, Q., Li, M., Wu, Z., 2020. Investigation of leading-edge slat on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blade. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 0954406220941883.Chica, E., Rubio-Clemente, A., 2017. Design of zero head turbines for power generation. IntechOpen.Chica, E., Perez, F., Rubio-Clemente, A., Agudelo, S., 2015. Design of a hydrokinetic turbine. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 195, 137–148. Chica, E., Pérez, F., Rubio-Clemente, A., 2016. Rotor structural design of a hydrokinetic turbine. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 11, 2890–2897.Doman, D.A., Murray, R.E., Pegg, M.J., Gracie, K., Johnstone, C.M., Nevalainen, T., 2015. Tow-tank testing of a 1/20th scale horizontal axis tidal turbine with uncertainty analysis. International Journal of Marine Energy 11, 105–119.Franco, A., Shaker, M., Kalubi, D., Hostettler, S., 2017. A review of sustainable energy access and technologies for healthcare facilities in the global south. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 22, 92–105.Gallego, E., Rubio-Clemente, A., Pineda, J., Velásquez, L., Chica, E., 2021. Experimental analysis on the performance of a pico-hydro turgo turbine. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 33, 266–275.Goundar, J.N., Ahmed, M.R., Lee, Y.-H., 2012. Numerical and experimental studies on hydrofoils for marine current turbines. Renewable Energy 42, 173–179.Jaume, A.M., Wild, J., 2016. Aerodynamic design and optimization of a high-lift device for a wind turbine airfoil, in: New Results in Numerical and ExperimentalFluid Mechanics X, Springer, 2016, pp. 859–869..Jeffcoate, P., Whittaker, T., Boake, C., Elsaesser, B., 2016. Field tests of multiple 1/10 scale tidal turbines in steady flows. Renewable Energy 87, 240–252.Kang, C., Zhao, H., Zhang, Y., Ding, K., 2021. Effects of upstream deflector on flow characteristics and startup performance of a drag-type hydrokinetic rotor. Renewable Energy 172, 290–303.Ke, S., Wen-Quan, W., Yan, Y., 2020a. Experimental and numerical analysis of a multilayer composite ocean current turbine blade. Ocean Engineering 198, 106977.Ke, S., Wen-Quan, W., Yan, Y., 2020b. The hydrodynamic performance of a tidal- stream turbine in shear flow. Ocean Engineering 199, 107035. Kirke, B., 2019. Hydrokinetic and ultra-low head turbines in rivers: A reality check. Energy for Sustainable Development 52, 1–10.Manwell, J., McGowan, J., Rogers, A., 2009. Aerodynamics of wind turbines. Wind energy explained, 91–155.Mao, G., Wang, S., Teng, Q., Zuo, J., Tan, X., Wang, H., Liu, Z., 2017. The sustainable future of hydropower: A critical analysis of cooling units via the theory of inventive problem solving and life cycle assessment methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 142, 2446–2453Menter, F.R., 1994. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal 32, 1598–1605.Morandi, B., Di Felice, F., Costanzo, M., Romano, G., Dhomé, D., Allo, J., 2016. Experimental investigation of the near wake of a horizontal axis tidal current turbine. International Journal of Marine Energy 14, 229–247.Muheisen, A.H., Yass, M.A., Irthiea, I.K., 2021. Enhancement of horizontal wind turbine blade performance using multiple airfoils sections and fences. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences.Muratoglu, A., Tekin, R., Ertug ̆rul, Ö.F., 2021. Hydrodynamic optimization of high- performance blade sections for stall regulated hydrokinetic turbines using differential evolution algorithm. Ocean Engineering 220, 108389.Mycek, P., Gaurier, B., Germain, G., Pinon, G., Rivoalen, E., 2014a. Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. part i: One single turbine. Renewable Energy 66, 729–746.Mycek, P., Gaurier, B., Germain, G., Pinon, G., Rivoalen, E., 2014b. Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. part ii: Two interacting turbines. Renewable Energy 68, 876–892.Narsipur, S., Pomeroy, B., Selig, M., 2012. Cfd analysis of multielement airfoils for wind turbines. In: 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, p. 2781Prakoso, A.P., Siswantara, A.I., Adanta, D., 2019. Comparison between 6-dof udf and moving mesh approaches in cfd methods for predicting cross-flow pico-hydro turbine performance. CFD Letters 11, 86–96.Prakoso, A.P., Adanta, D., Irwansyah, R., et al., 2020. Approach for a breastshot waterwheel numerical simulation methodology using six degrees of freedom. Energy Reports 6, 611–616.Ragheb, A., Selig, M., 2011. Multi-element airfoil configurations for wind turbines. In: 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, p. 3971.Ragheb, A.M., Selig, M.S., 2017. Multielement airfoils for wind turbines. In: Wind Energy Engineering. Elsevier, pp. 203–219.Ridway, B., Aditya, R., Delly, J., 2014. Blade number effect for a horizontal axis river current turbine at a low velocity condition utilizing a parametric study with mathematical model of blade element momentum. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 2.Schleicher, W., Riglin, J., Oztekin, A., 2015. Numerical characterization of a preliminary portable micro-hydrokinetic turbine rotor design. 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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 43, 72– 82.6-DoFHorizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbineMulti-element hydrofoilHigh-lift hydrofoilHydrofoil-flap arrangementOptimizationOptimizaciónLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2710/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdf.txtNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain12https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2710/3/Numerical%20and%20experimental%20study%20of%20hydrofoil-flap%20arrangements%20for%20hydrokinetic%20turbine%20applications.pdf.txt36c6f0b2061da514c400c0bc2749b5cfMD53open accessTHUMBNAILNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdf.jpgNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg17343https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2710/4/Numerical%20and%20experimental%20study%20of%20hydrofoil-flap%20arrangements%20for%20hydrokinetic%20turbine%20applications.pdf.jpg070fed448b7676a13b7375d6481e3f9fMD54open accessORIGINALNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdfNumerical and experimental study of hydrofoil-flap arrangements for hydrokinetic turbine applications.pdfapplication/pdf10557928https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2710/1/Numerical%20and%20experimental%20study%20of%20hydrofoil-flap%20arrangements%20for%20hydrokinetic%20turbine%20applications.pdf25f71226235b4c9f087c74c625bedd96MD51open accesstdea/2710oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/27102023-05-06 22:21:30.41An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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