MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar
Humanitarian interventions have often been employed to promote the intervener’s political and economic interests. Given the issues around intervention’s morality, this article explores MichaelWalzer’s humanitarian intervention theory in order to unravel the practical di culties of legitimating human...
- Autores:
-
Paradela López, Miguel
Jima González, Alexandra del Carmen
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2810
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2810
- Palabra clave:
- Syria
Syrian Arab Republic
República Árabe Siria
Humanitarian intervention
Intervención humanitaria
Michael Walzer
Civil war
Guerra civil
Self determination
Derecho de autodeterminación
Derechos humanos colectivos
Collective human rights
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
| id |
RepoTdea2_a91df73a05ae9bb3806dbf339f1d359c |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2810 |
| network_acronym_str |
RepoTdea2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Tdea |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| title |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| spellingShingle |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar Syria Syrian Arab Republic República Árabe Siria Humanitarian intervention Intervención humanitaria Michael Walzer Civil war Guerra civil Self determination Derecho de autodeterminación Derechos humanos colectivos Collective human rights |
| title_short |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| title_full |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| title_fullStr |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| title_full_unstemmed |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| title_sort |
MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWar |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Paradela López, Miguel Jima González, Alexandra del Carmen |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Paradela López, Miguel Jima González, Alexandra del Carmen |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Syria Syrian Arab Republic República Árabe Siria |
| topic |
Syria Syrian Arab Republic República Árabe Siria Humanitarian intervention Intervención humanitaria Michael Walzer Civil war Guerra civil Self determination Derecho de autodeterminación Derechos humanos colectivos Collective human rights |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Humanitarian intervention Intervención humanitaria Michael Walzer |
| dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv |
Civil war Guerra civil Self determination Derecho de autodeterminación Derechos humanos colectivos Collective human rights |
| description |
Humanitarian interventions have often been employed to promote the intervener’s political and economic interests. Given the issues around intervention’s morality, this article explores MichaelWalzer’s humanitarian intervention theory in order to unravel the practical di culties of legitimating humanitarian interventions in multisided conflicts. After exploring Walzer’s arguments as they relate to unilateral and multilateral interventions, this article explains why, according to the self-determination principle, intervening countries must share the victim’s cause. Later, the article uses the Syrian CivilWar to exemplify the conundrum of crafting a legitimate humanitarian intervention in multisided conflicts where the victims are internally divided and have opposing political, economic, and/or religious views. This case study evidences how, in such contexts, humanitarian interventions simultaneously protect the population and promote the group that best represents the intervening state’s interests, thus turning internal conflicts into foreign proxy wars. Finally, the article argues that, despiteWalzer’s proposal for a consistent theory of unilateral and multilateral humanitarian interventions, unilateral interventions should be replaced in multisided conflicts by multilateral interventions able to halt atrocities and provide a stable solution for internal conflicts. Keywords: humanitarian intervention; MichaelWalzer; Syria; Civil War; self-determination |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-21T23:08:19Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-21T23:08:19Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2810 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2076-076 |
| url |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2810 |
| identifier_str_mv |
2076-076 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
18 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
41 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Social sciences |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Syria: ‘Death Everywhere’—War Crimes and Human Rights abuses in Aleppo 1370). 2015. Available online: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde24/1370/2015/en/m (accessed on 25 March 2020) Ardıç, Nurullah. 2012. Understanding the ‘Arab Spring’: justice, dignity, religion and international politics. Afro Eurasian Studies 1: 8–52. Bass, Gary. 2004. Jus post bellum. Philosophy & Public A airs 32: 384–412. Beitz, Charles. 1979. Bounded morality: Justice and the state in world politics. International Organization 33: 405–424. [CrossRef] Bell, Sam, Patricia Blocksome, Kevin Brown, and Amanda Murdie. 2019. Help or hindrance? The role of humanitarian military interventions in human security NGO operations. International Political Science Review 40: 263–78. [CrossRef] Bellamy, Alex. 2009. Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: Polity Bellamy, Alex. 2015. The three pillars of the responsibility to protect. Pensamiento Propio 41: 35–64. Berti, Benedetta, and Jonathan Paris. 2014. Beyond sectarianism: Geopolitics, fragmentation, and the Syrian civil war. Strategic Assessment 16: 21–34. Bucala, Paul, and Frederick Kagan. 2016. Iran’s Evolving Way of War: How the IRGC Fights in Syria. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, Critical Threats Project. Bush, Ray, Martiniello Giuliano, and Claire Mercer. 2011. Humanitarian imperialism. Review of African Political Economy 38: 357–65. [CrossRef] Carati, Andrea. 2017. Responsibility to protect, NATO and the problem of who should intervene: reassessing the intervention in Libya. Global Change, Peace & Security 29: 293–309. Chomsky, Noam. 2008. Humanitarian Imperialism: The New Doctrine of Imperial Right. Monthly Review. An Independent Socialist Magazine. Available online: http://monthlyreview.org/2008/09/01/humanitarianimperialism- the-new-doctrine-of-imperial-right (accessed on 25 March 2020). Clary, Eric Michael. 2018. Using the Syrian Civil War to Measure Hierarchy: Regional Power Transition in the Middle East. Available online: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5378&context=open_ access_etds (accessed on 25 March 2020). Damboeck, Johanna. 2012. Humanitarian interventions: Western imperialism or a responsibility to protect? An analysis of the humanitarian interventions in Darfur. Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 6: 287–300. Doppelt, Gerald. 1978. Walzer’s theory of morality in international relations. Philosophy & Public A airs 8: 3–26. Evans, Gareth. 2008. The Responsibility to Protect: An Idea Whose Time Has Come : : : and Gone? International Relations 22: 283–98. [CrossRef] Ferro, Luca, and Tom Ruys. 2018. The Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen’s civil war-2015. In The Use of Force in International Law: A Case-Based Approach (899-911). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Filkins, Dexter. 2013. The thin redline. Inside the White House debate over Syria. The New Yorker. May 13. Available online: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/05/13/the-thin-red-line-2 (accessed on 12 December 2019). Güçtürk, Yavuz. 2015. War crimes and crimes against humanity in Syria. Insight Turkey 17: 27. Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. 2000. Imperio. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Hokayem, Emile. 2017. Syria’s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant. London: Routledge Hosenball, Mark. 2012. Exclusive: Obama Authorizes Secret U.S. Support for Syrian Rebels. Available online: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usasyria-obama-order-idUSBRE8701OK20120801 (accessed on 10 December 2019). Ignatie , Michael. 2001. Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond. London: Macmillan Israeli, Raphael. 2017. The Internationalization of ISIS: The Muslim State in Iraq and Syria. London: Routledge. Jamal, Ahmed Abdullah. 2008. Mukti Bahini and the Liberation War of Bangladesh: A Review of Conflicting Views. Asian A airs 30: 5–17. Johannsen, Kyle. 2020. To Assist or Not to Assist? Assessing the Potential Moral Costs of Humanitarian Intervention in Nature. Environmental Values 29: 29–45. [CrossRef] Khaddour, Kheder. 2016. Strength in Weakness: The Syrian Army’s Accidental Resilience. Arab Civil-Military Relations. Available online: https://carnegie-mec.org/2016/03/14/strength-in-weakness-syrian-army-saccidental- resilience-pub-62968 (accessed on 12 December 2019). Kofman, Michael. 2015. Russia’s Arsenal in Syria: What do we Know? War on the Rocks. Available online: https://warontherocks.com/2015/10/russias-arsenal-in-syria-what-do-we-know/ (accessed on 1 April 2020). Luban, David. 1980. Just war and human rights. Philosophy & Public A airs 9: 160–81. Malmvig, Helle. 2018. Mosaics of Power: Fragmentation of the Syrian State Since 2011. DIIS Report, No. 2018:04. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS). Mazzetti, Mark, Christopher John Chivers, and Eric Schmitt. 2013. Taking Outsize Role in Syria, Qatar Funnels Arms to Rebels. New York Times. June 29. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/world/ middleeast/sending-missiles-to-syrian-rebels-qatar-muscles-in.html (accessed on 1 April 2020). Mazzetti, Mark, Adam Goldman, and Michael Schmidt. 2017. Behind the Sudden Death of a $1 Billion Secret CIA War in Syria. New York Times. August 2. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/ middleeast/cia-syria-rebel-arm-train-trump.html (accessed on 12 December 2019). McInnis, Kathleen. 2016a. Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress McInnis, Matthew. 2016b. Iranian Deterrence Strategy and Use of Proxies. In Hampton Roads International Security Quarterly. Available online: https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/112916_McInnis_Testimony.pdf (accessed on 11 December 2019). Menon, Rajan. 2016. The Conceit of Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mill, John Stuart. 1859. A few words on non-intervention. Foreign Policy Perspectives 8: 2–6. Nardin, Terry. 2013. From Right to Intervene to Duty to Protect: MichaelWalzer on Humanitarian Intervention. The European Journal of International Law 24: 67–82. [CrossRef] Orend, Brian. 2000. MichaelWalzer on resorting to force. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 33: 523–47. [CrossRef] Österdahl, Inger, and Esther Van Zadel. 2009. What will jus post bellum mean? Of new wine and old bottles. Journal of Conflict & Security Law 14: 175–207. Pape, Robert. 2012. When duty calls: A pragmatic standard of humanitarian intervention. International Security 37: 41–80. [CrossRef] Paradela-López, Miguel. 2019. Self-help Test on Michael Walzer’s military intervention theory. Co-herencia 16: 327–54. [CrossRef] Rawls, John. 1999. The Law of Peoples with “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited”. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Rizzo, Jennifer. 2015. Carter: U.S. Trains only 60 Syrian Rebels. CNN. Available online: https://edition. cnn.com/2015/07/07/politics/united-states-training-syrian-rebels-ashton-carter/index.html (accessed on 12 December 2019). Thakur, Ramesh. 2011. R2P, Libya and international politics as the struggle for competing normative architectures. e-International Relations. November, p. 13. Available online: https://www.e-ir.info/2011/09/07/ r2p-libya-and-international-politics-as-the-struggle-for-competing-normative-architectures/ (accessed on 12 December 2019). UN. 2013. Responsibility to Protect: State Responsibility and Prevention. Report of the Secretary-General, A/67/629-S/2013/399. New York: UN. UN. 2019. SC Resolution 2249. Available online: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5656a4654.html (accessed on 1 April 2020). Walker, Neil. 2018. Relocating Sovereignty. New York: Routledge. Walzer, Michael. 1980. The moral standing of states: a response to four critics. Philosophy & Public A airs 9: 209–29. Walzer, Michael. 1983. Spheres of Justice: A defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books. Walzer, Michael. 2004. The Argument about the Humanitarian Intervention. In Ethics of humanitarian interventions. Edited by Georg Meggle. Frankfurt: Ontos, pp. 21–36. Walzer, Michael. 2006. Just and Unjust Wars. A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books. Walzer, Michael. 2007. Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory. Yale: Yale University Press. Walzer, Michael. 2008. Arguing about War. Yale: Yale University Press. Walzer, Michael. 2010. Response by Michael Walzer. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/article/response-by-michael-walzer (accessed on 8 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2010. Response by Michael Walzer. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/article/response-by-michael-walzer (accessed on 8 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2011. How Shall We Support Democracy? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https: //www.dissentmagazine.org/article/how-shall-we-support-democracy (accessed on 10 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2013a. Were we Wrong about Syria? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/were-we-wrong-about-syria (accessed on 21 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2013b. Syria: What ought to be done. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/syria-what-ought-to-be-done (accessed on 2 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2015a. Islamism and the Left. Dissent Magazine 62: 107–17. [CrossRef] Walzer, Michael. 2015b. What Kind of War is this? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/france-us-uk-air-strikes-isis-just-war-theory (accessed on 1 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2016. Just & unjust targeted killing & Drone Warfare. Daedalus 145: 12–24. Walzer, Michael. 2017. Learning to Listen. Available online: https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/learninglisten- foreign-policy-international-solidarity-michael-walzer (accessed on 1 December 2019). Walzer, Michael. 2018a. A Foreign Policy for the Left. Yale: Yale University Press. Walzer, Michael. 2018b. Syria, the Kurds and the Left. Yale: Yale University Press Blog, Available online: http://blog.yalebooks.com/2018/02/02/syria-the-kurds-and-the-left/ (accessed on 25 March 2020). Wasserstrom, Richard. 1978. Review of MichaelWalzer’s Just and UnjustWars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. Harvard Law Review 92: 544. [CrossRef] Watkins, Ali, Ryan Grim, and Ahmed Akbar Shahid. 2015. IranWarned Houthis against Yemen Takeover. The Hu Post. Available online: https://www.hu post.com/entry/iran-houthis-yemen_n_7101456 (accessed on 9 December 2019) Weiss, Thomas. 2007. Humanitarian Intervention. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Yoo, John. 2000. Kosovo, War Powers, and the Multilateral Future. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148: 1673–731. [CrossRef] Ziegler, Charles. 2016. Contesting the responsibility to protect. International Studies Perspectives 17: 75–97. [CrossRef] Zolo, Danilo. 2007. La justicia de los vencedores: de Nuremberg a Bagdad. Roma: Editori Laterza. |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
18 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.coverage.country.none.fl_str_mv |
Siria |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
MDPI AG |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Suiza |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/9/4/41 |
| institution |
Tecnológico de Antioquia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/4/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf.jpg https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/3/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf.txt https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/2/license.txt https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/1/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
40883d4c5f9c78846b6d33c6053157b8 0ab6ff85e73cd3713c44e94d8b76823a 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a 68ceaaadf3dfd588a167924c69cf6264 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Tecnologico de Antioquia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
| _version_ |
1812189292775079936 |
| spelling |
Paradela López, Migueldb575f2d-106c-4559-bcf2-15aeefc6ac79Jima González, Alexandra del Carmen2fa042ec-9b4c-4897-8f18-e9dbe3e53e546002023-04-21T23:08:19Z2023-04-21T23:08:19Z2020https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/28102076-076Humanitarian interventions have often been employed to promote the intervener’s political and economic interests. Given the issues around intervention’s morality, this article explores MichaelWalzer’s humanitarian intervention theory in order to unravel the practical di culties of legitimating humanitarian interventions in multisided conflicts. After exploring Walzer’s arguments as they relate to unilateral and multilateral interventions, this article explains why, according to the self-determination principle, intervening countries must share the victim’s cause. Later, the article uses the Syrian CivilWar to exemplify the conundrum of crafting a legitimate humanitarian intervention in multisided conflicts where the victims are internally divided and have opposing political, economic, and/or religious views. This case study evidences how, in such contexts, humanitarian interventions simultaneously protect the population and promote the group that best represents the intervening state’s interests, thus turning internal conflicts into foreign proxy wars. Finally, the article argues that, despiteWalzer’s proposal for a consistent theory of unilateral and multilateral humanitarian interventions, unilateral interventions should be replaced in multisided conflicts by multilateral interventions able to halt atrocities and provide a stable solution for internal conflicts. Keywords: humanitarian intervention; MichaelWalzer; Syria; Civil War; self-determination18 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSuizahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/9/4/41MichaelWalzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian CivilWarArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Siria184119Social sciencesSyria: ‘Death Everywhere’—War Crimes and Human Rights abuses in Aleppo 1370). 2015. Available online: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde24/1370/2015/en/m (accessed on 25 March 2020)Ardıç, Nurullah. 2012. Understanding the ‘Arab Spring’: justice, dignity, religion and international politics. Afro Eurasian Studies 1: 8–52.Bass, Gary. 2004. Jus post bellum. Philosophy & Public A airs 32: 384–412.Beitz, Charles. 1979. Bounded morality: Justice and the state in world politics. International Organization 33: 405–424. [CrossRef]Bell, Sam, Patricia Blocksome, Kevin Brown, and Amanda Murdie. 2019. Help or hindrance? The role of humanitarian military interventions in human security NGO operations. International Political Science Review 40: 263–78. [CrossRef]Bellamy, Alex. 2009. Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: PolityBellamy, Alex. 2015. The three pillars of the responsibility to protect. Pensamiento Propio 41: 35–64.Berti, Benedetta, and Jonathan Paris. 2014. Beyond sectarianism: Geopolitics, fragmentation, and the Syrian civil war. Strategic Assessment 16: 21–34.Bucala, Paul, and Frederick Kagan. 2016. Iran’s Evolving Way of War: How the IRGC Fights in Syria. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, Critical Threats Project.Bush, Ray, Martiniello Giuliano, and Claire Mercer. 2011. Humanitarian imperialism. Review of African Political Economy 38: 357–65. [CrossRef]Carati, Andrea. 2017. Responsibility to protect, NATO and the problem of who should intervene: reassessing the intervention in Libya. Global Change, Peace & Security 29: 293–309.Chomsky, Noam. 2008. Humanitarian Imperialism: The New Doctrine of Imperial Right. Monthly Review. An Independent Socialist Magazine. Available online: http://monthlyreview.org/2008/09/01/humanitarianimperialism- the-new-doctrine-of-imperial-right (accessed on 25 March 2020).Clary, Eric Michael. 2018. Using the Syrian Civil War to Measure Hierarchy: Regional Power Transition in the Middle East. Available online: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5378&context=open_ access_etds (accessed on 25 March 2020).Damboeck, Johanna. 2012. Humanitarian interventions: Western imperialism or a responsibility to protect? An analysis of the humanitarian interventions in Darfur. Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 6: 287–300.Doppelt, Gerald. 1978. Walzer’s theory of morality in international relations. Philosophy & Public A airs 8: 3–26.Evans, Gareth. 2008. The Responsibility to Protect: An Idea Whose Time Has Come : : : and Gone? International Relations 22: 283–98. [CrossRef]Ferro, Luca, and Tom Ruys. 2018. The Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen’s civil war-2015. In The Use of Force in International Law: A Case-Based Approach (899-911). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Filkins, Dexter. 2013. The thin redline. Inside the White House debate over Syria. The New Yorker. May 13. Available online: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/05/13/the-thin-red-line-2 (accessed on 12 December 2019).Güçtürk, Yavuz. 2015. War crimes and crimes against humanity in Syria. Insight Turkey 17: 27.Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. 2000. Imperio. Harvard: Harvard University Press.Hokayem, Emile. 2017. Syria’s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant. London: RoutledgeHosenball, Mark. 2012. Exclusive: Obama Authorizes Secret U.S. Support for Syrian Rebels. Available online: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usasyria-obama-order-idUSBRE8701OK20120801 (accessed on 10 December 2019).Ignatie , Michael. 2001. Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond. London: MacmillanIsraeli, Raphael. 2017. The Internationalization of ISIS: The Muslim State in Iraq and Syria. London: Routledge.Jamal, Ahmed Abdullah. 2008. Mukti Bahini and the Liberation War of Bangladesh: A Review of Conflicting Views. Asian A airs 30: 5–17.Johannsen, Kyle. 2020. To Assist or Not to Assist? Assessing the Potential Moral Costs of Humanitarian Intervention in Nature. Environmental Values 29: 29–45. [CrossRef]Khaddour, Kheder. 2016. Strength in Weakness: The Syrian Army’s Accidental Resilience. Arab Civil-Military Relations. Available online: https://carnegie-mec.org/2016/03/14/strength-in-weakness-syrian-army-saccidental- resilience-pub-62968 (accessed on 12 December 2019).Kofman, Michael. 2015. Russia’s Arsenal in Syria: What do we Know? War on the Rocks. Available online: https://warontherocks.com/2015/10/russias-arsenal-in-syria-what-do-we-know/ (accessed on 1 April 2020).Luban, David. 1980. Just war and human rights. Philosophy & Public A airs 9: 160–81.Malmvig, Helle. 2018. Mosaics of Power: Fragmentation of the Syrian State Since 2011. DIIS Report, No. 2018:04. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS).Mazzetti, Mark, Christopher John Chivers, and Eric Schmitt. 2013. Taking Outsize Role in Syria, Qatar Funnels Arms to Rebels. New York Times. June 29. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/world/ middleeast/sending-missiles-to-syrian-rebels-qatar-muscles-in.html (accessed on 1 April 2020).Mazzetti, Mark, Adam Goldman, and Michael Schmidt. 2017. Behind the Sudden Death of a $1 Billion Secret CIA War in Syria. New York Times. August 2. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/ middleeast/cia-syria-rebel-arm-train-trump.html (accessed on 12 December 2019).McInnis, Kathleen. 2016a. Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, the Library of CongressMcInnis, Matthew. 2016b. Iranian Deterrence Strategy and Use of Proxies. In Hampton Roads International Security Quarterly. Available online: https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/112916_McInnis_Testimony.pdf (accessed on 11 December 2019).Menon, Rajan. 2016. The Conceit of Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Mill, John Stuart. 1859. A few words on non-intervention. Foreign Policy Perspectives 8: 2–6.Nardin, Terry. 2013. From Right to Intervene to Duty to Protect: MichaelWalzer on Humanitarian Intervention. The European Journal of International Law 24: 67–82. [CrossRef]Orend, Brian. 2000. MichaelWalzer on resorting to force. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 33: 523–47. [CrossRef]Österdahl, Inger, and Esther Van Zadel. 2009. What will jus post bellum mean? Of new wine and old bottles. Journal of Conflict & Security Law 14: 175–207.Pape, Robert. 2012. When duty calls: A pragmatic standard of humanitarian intervention. International Security 37: 41–80. [CrossRef]Paradela-López, Miguel. 2019. Self-help Test on Michael Walzer’s military intervention theory. Co-herencia 16: 327–54. [CrossRef]Rawls, John. 1999. The Law of Peoples with “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited”. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Rizzo, Jennifer. 2015. Carter: U.S. Trains only 60 Syrian Rebels. CNN. Available online: https://edition. cnn.com/2015/07/07/politics/united-states-training-syrian-rebels-ashton-carter/index.html (accessed on 12 December 2019).Thakur, Ramesh. 2011. R2P, Libya and international politics as the struggle for competing normative architectures. e-International Relations. November, p. 13. Available online: https://www.e-ir.info/2011/09/07/ r2p-libya-and-international-politics-as-the-struggle-for-competing-normative-architectures/ (accessed on 12 December 2019).UN. 2013. Responsibility to Protect: State Responsibility and Prevention. Report of the Secretary-General, A/67/629-S/2013/399. New York: UN.UN. 2019. SC Resolution 2249. Available online: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5656a4654.html (accessed on 1 April 2020).Walker, Neil. 2018. Relocating Sovereignty. New York: Routledge.Walzer, Michael. 1980. The moral standing of states: a response to four critics. Philosophy & Public A airs 9: 209–29.Walzer, Michael. 1983. Spheres of Justice: A defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books.Walzer, Michael. 2004. The Argument about the Humanitarian Intervention. In Ethics of humanitarian interventions. Edited by Georg Meggle. Frankfurt: Ontos, pp. 21–36.Walzer, Michael. 2006. Just and Unjust Wars. A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books.Walzer, Michael. 2007. Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory. Yale: Yale University Press.Walzer, Michael. 2008. Arguing about War. Yale: Yale University Press.Walzer, Michael. 2010. Response by Michael Walzer. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/article/response-by-michael-walzer (accessed on 8 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2010. Response by Michael Walzer. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/article/response-by-michael-walzer (accessed on 8 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2011. How Shall We Support Democracy? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https: //www.dissentmagazine.org/article/how-shall-we-support-democracy (accessed on 10 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2013a. Were we Wrong about Syria? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/were-we-wrong-about-syria (accessed on 21 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2013b. Syria: What ought to be done. Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/syria-what-ought-to-be-done (accessed on 2 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2015a. Islamism and the Left. Dissent Magazine 62: 107–17. [CrossRef]Walzer, Michael. 2015b. What Kind of War is this? Dissent Magazine. Available online: https://www. dissentmagazine.org/blog/france-us-uk-air-strikes-isis-just-war-theory (accessed on 1 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2016. Just & unjust targeted killing & Drone Warfare. Daedalus 145: 12–24.Walzer, Michael. 2017. Learning to Listen. Available online: https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/learninglisten- foreign-policy-international-solidarity-michael-walzer (accessed on 1 December 2019).Walzer, Michael. 2018a. A Foreign Policy for the Left. Yale: Yale University Press.Walzer, Michael. 2018b. Syria, the Kurds and the Left. Yale: Yale University Press Blog, Available online: http://blog.yalebooks.com/2018/02/02/syria-the-kurds-and-the-left/ (accessed on 25 March 2020).Wasserstrom, Richard. 1978. Review of MichaelWalzer’s Just and UnjustWars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. Harvard Law Review 92: 544. [CrossRef]Watkins, Ali, Ryan Grim, and Ahmed Akbar Shahid. 2015. IranWarned Houthis against Yemen Takeover. The Hu Post. Available online: https://www.hu post.com/entry/iran-houthis-yemen_n_7101456 (accessed on 9 December 2019)Weiss, Thomas. 2007. Humanitarian Intervention. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.Yoo, John. 2000. Kosovo, War Powers, and the Multilateral Future. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148: 1673–731. [CrossRef]Ziegler, Charles. 2016. Contesting the responsibility to protect. International Studies Perspectives 17: 75–97. [CrossRef]Zolo, Danilo. 2007. La justicia de los vencedores: de Nuremberg a Bagdad. Roma: Editori Laterza.SyriaSyrian Arab RepublicRepública Árabe SiriaHumanitarian interventionIntervención humanitariaMichael WalzerCivil warGuerra civilSelf determinationDerecho de autodeterminaciónDerechos humanos colectivosCollective human rightsTHUMBNAILMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdf.jpgMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14951https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/4/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf.jpg40883d4c5f9c78846b6d33c6053157b8MD54open accessTEXTMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdf.txtMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain77516https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/3/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf.txt0ab6ff85e73cd3713c44e94d8b76823aMD53open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessORIGINALMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdfMichael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War.pdfapplication/pdf285012https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2810/1/Michael%20Walzer%e2%80%99s%20Humanitarian%20Intervention%20Theory%20Applied%20to%20Multisided%20Conflicts%20A%20Discussion%20of%20Intervention%20and%20Self-Determination%20in%20the%20Syrian%20Civil%20War.pdf68ceaaadf3dfd588a167924c69cf6264MD51open accesstdea/2810oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/28102023-09-06 13:47:41.009An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de Antioquiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |