Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia
Areas at risk of invasion by Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish introduced in Colombia. Introduction: Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystems, with current and potential impacts on public health and conservation. Procambarus clarkii is a decapod crus...
- Autores:
-
Camacho Portacarrero, Rosa Fidela
Duarte Gándica, Irene
Altamiranda Saavedra, Mariano Augusto
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2774
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2774
- Palabra clave:
- Ecological niche
Ecológicos Nicho
Ecosistema
Ecosystem
Ecossistema
Red swamp crayfish
Cangrejo de pantano rojo
Management exotic species
Manejo de especies exóticas
Potential distribution
Distribución potencial
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Áreas en riesgo de invasión por Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) un cangrejo de río introducido en Colombia |
| title |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia Ecological niche Ecológicos Nicho Ecosistema Ecosystem Ecossistema Red swamp crayfish Cangrejo de pantano rojo Management exotic species Manejo de especies exóticas Potential distribution Distribución potencial |
| title_short |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| title_full |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| title_sort |
Areas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Camacho Portacarrero, Rosa Fidela Duarte Gándica, Irene Altamiranda Saavedra, Mariano Augusto |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Camacho Portacarrero, Rosa Fidela Duarte Gándica, Irene Altamiranda Saavedra, Mariano Augusto |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Ecological niche Ecológicos Nicho Ecosistema Ecosystem Ecossistema |
| topic |
Ecological niche Ecológicos Nicho Ecosistema Ecosystem Ecossistema Red swamp crayfish Cangrejo de pantano rojo Management exotic species Manejo de especies exóticas Potential distribution Distribución potencial |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Red swamp crayfish Cangrejo de pantano rojo Management exotic species Manejo de especies exóticas Potential distribution Distribución potencial |
| description |
Areas at risk of invasion by Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish introduced in Colombia. Introduction: Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystems, with current and potential impacts on public health and conservation. Procambarus clarkii is a decapod crustacean, native to the Southern United States and Northeastern Mexico, which may adapt to different environmental conditions due to its ecological plasticity. Objective: The existing fundamental ecological niche of Procambarus clarkii was characterized in order to predict areas with environmental suitability for the potential establishment of the species in South America and Colombia. Methods: We used models of calibrated ecological niches in the native area, elaborated with the Maxent algorithm, based on occurrence data extracted from GBIF and hydroclimatic variables of aquatic ecosystems at a resolution of 1 km2. Results: The model indicated a wide geographic area for invasion potential in South America, predicting environmentally suitable areas for the presence and expansion towards Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay and Chile. In Colombia, suitable areas predicted by the model are located mainly in the North and East of the country, spanning a diversity of ecosystems, such as tropical forests, basal forests, riparian forests and savannas. The species has a high possibility of expanding into low latitude distribution areas, occupying areas towards the Northern part of the Colombian Caribbean region, in the departments of Magdalena, Cesar, Cordoba and Atlántico. Suitability areas environmental were also predicted in Eastern Colombia, towards the extension of the Eastern plain of the Orinoquia, a low altitude region in Arauca, Casanare, Meta and Vichada. Conclusion: This study applies ecological niche models, which may be of interest in the planning of strategies or the creation of management plans, such as early warning systems that prevent the establishment of this species. Key words: red swamp crayfish; management exotic species; ecological niche; potential distribution. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-11T19:16:55Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-11T19:16:55Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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0034-7744 |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2774 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2215-2075 |
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0034-7744 2215-2075 |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2774 |
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spa |
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1 |
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77 |
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69 |
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Revista de Biología Tropical |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Characterization of Population Genetic Structure of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in China. Scientific Reports, 8, 1-11. |
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Universidad de Costa Rica |
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Costa Rica |
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https://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/rbt/v69n1/0034-7744-rbt-69-01-77.pdf |
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Tecnológico de Antioquia |
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Repositorio Institucional Tecnologico de Antioquia |
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Camacho Portacarrero, Rosa Fidelaa55126d9-a3ac-483b-bfbf-d845ce65b85eDuarte Gándica, Irene03699f0e-ff01-4263-92ed-e32d25da05f5Altamiranda Saavedra, Mariano Augusto24e8d03f-69f2-4f3b-9982-7a16d1d767982023-04-11T19:16:55Z2023-04-11T19:16:55Z20210034-7744https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/27742215-2075Areas at risk of invasion by Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish introduced in Colombia. Introduction: Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystems, with current and potential impacts on public health and conservation. Procambarus clarkii is a decapod crustacean, native to the Southern United States and Northeastern Mexico, which may adapt to different environmental conditions due to its ecological plasticity. Objective: The existing fundamental ecological niche of Procambarus clarkii was characterized in order to predict areas with environmental suitability for the potential establishment of the species in South America and Colombia. Methods: We used models of calibrated ecological niches in the native area, elaborated with the Maxent algorithm, based on occurrence data extracted from GBIF and hydroclimatic variables of aquatic ecosystems at a resolution of 1 km2. Results: The model indicated a wide geographic area for invasion potential in South America, predicting environmentally suitable areas for the presence and expansion towards Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay and Chile. In Colombia, suitable areas predicted by the model are located mainly in the North and East of the country, spanning a diversity of ecosystems, such as tropical forests, basal forests, riparian forests and savannas. The species has a high possibility of expanding into low latitude distribution areas, occupying areas towards the Northern part of the Colombian Caribbean region, in the departments of Magdalena, Cesar, Cordoba and Atlántico. Suitability areas environmental were also predicted in Eastern Colombia, towards the extension of the Eastern plain of the Orinoquia, a low altitude region in Arauca, Casanare, Meta and Vichada. Conclusion: This study applies ecological niche models, which may be of interest in the planning of strategies or the creation of management plans, such as early warning systems that prevent the establishment of this species. Key words: red swamp crayfish; management exotic species; ecological niche; potential distribution.13 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de Costa RicaCosta Ricahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/rbt/v69n1/0034-7744-rbt-69-01-77.pdfAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) a crayfish intro-duced in ColombiaÁreas en riesgo de invasión por Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) un cangrejo de río introducido en ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Colombia8917769Revista de Biología TropicalAlcorlo, P., Otero, M., Crehuet, M., Baltanás, A., & Montes, C. (2006). The use of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard) as indicator of the bioavailability of heavy metals in environmental monitoring in the River Guadiamar (SW, Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 366(1), 380-390.Álvarez-León, R., & Polanía. J. (1994). Manglares, lagunas costeras y estuarios del caribe colombiano. Memorias del taller de expertos sobre el estado de conocimiento y lineamientos para una estrategia nacional de biodiversidad en los ecosistemas marinos y costeros, Minca-Magdalena. Bogotá, Colombia: ColcienciasAnastácio, P.M., Frias, A.F., & Marques, J.C. (2000). Impact of crayfish densities on wet seeded rice and the inefficiency of a non-ionic surfactant as an ecotechnological solution. Ecological Engineering, 15, 17-25.Aquiloni, L., Ilhéu, M., & Gherardi, F. (2005). Habitat use and dispersal of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii in ephemeral water bodies of Portugal. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 38(4), 225-236.Aquiloni, L., Martín, M.P., Gherardi, F., & DiéguezUribeondo, J. (2011). The North American crayfish Procambarus clarkii is the carrier of the oomycete Aphanomyces astacy in Italy. Springer, 13, 359-367.Arias-Pineda, J.Y., & Rodríguez, W.D. (2012). First record of the invasive species Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii (Girard 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Cambaridae) from the Colombian Eastern Cordillera. Boletín de La Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 51, 313-315.Arias-Pineda, J.Y., & Pedroza-Martínez, D.V. (2018). Presencia del cangrejo rojo Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) en la sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A), 62, 283-286.Atkinson, R.J., & Taylor, A.C. (1988). Physiological ecology of burrowing decapods. Symposium Zoology. Society London, 59, 201-226Baigún, R. (2001). Ecología pesquera de lagos y embalses patagonicos (Argentina) (Tesis de doctorado). 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Scientific Reports, 8, 1-11.Ecological nicheEcológicos NichoEcosistemaEcosystemEcossistemaRed swamp crayfishCangrejo de pantano rojoManagement exotic speciesManejo de especies exóticasPotential distributionDistribución potencialTHUMBNAILAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdf.jpgAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg11934https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2774/4/Areas%20at%20risk%20of%20invasion%20by%20procambarus%20clarkii%20-Decapoda_%20Cambaridae%20-a%20crayfish%20intro-duced%20in%20Colombia.pdf.jpg6a4bcc22f33af71b40707ce243fdd133MD54open accessTEXTAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdf.txtAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain59166https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2774/3/Areas%20at%20risk%20of%20invasion%20by%20procambarus%20clarkii%20-Decapoda_%20Cambaridae%20-a%20crayfish%20intro-duced%20in%20Colombia.pdf.txt0e3a4a6cae217dd308d43415d99dc3b8MD53open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2774/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessORIGINALAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdfAreas at risk of invasion by procambarus clarkii -Decapoda_ Cambaridae -a crayfish intro-duced in Colombia.pdfapplication/pdf302016https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2774/1/Areas%20at%20risk%20of%20invasion%20by%20procambarus%20clarkii%20-Decapoda_%20Cambaridae%20-a%20crayfish%20intro-duced%20in%20Colombia.pdf02164a24f882090b983e58c6fa316350MD51open accesstdea/2774oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/27742023-05-29 21:13:21.311An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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