Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in water has become a problem of great concern due to the detrimental health effects caused to humans and living beings. In this work, the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 system for degrading the target com...
- Autores:
-
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa
Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin
Peñuela Mesa, Gustavo Antonio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2989
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2989
- Palabra clave:
- Antraceno
Experimental design
Diseño experimental
Dispositif expérimental
Dispositivo experimental
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos
Hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique
Water treatment
Tratamiento del agua
Traitement de l'eau
Tratamento da água
Benzo(a)pireno
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo[a]pyrène
Anthracene
Advanced oxidation process
Proceso avanzado de oxidación
Degradation by product
Degradación por producto
UV/H2O2 system
Sistema UV/H2O2
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| title |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels Antraceno Experimental design Diseño experimental Dispositif expérimental Dispositivo experimental Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos Hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique Water treatment Tratamiento del agua Traitement de l'eau Tratamento da água Benzo(a)pireno Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo[a]pyrène Anthracene Advanced oxidation process Proceso avanzado de oxidación Degradation by product Degradación por producto UV/H2O2 system Sistema UV/H2O2 |
| title_short |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| title_full |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| title_sort |
Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin Peñuela Mesa, Gustavo Antonio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin Peñuela Mesa, Gustavo Antonio |
| dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Antraceno |
| topic |
Antraceno Experimental design Diseño experimental Dispositif expérimental Dispositivo experimental Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos Hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique Water treatment Tratamiento del agua Traitement de l'eau Tratamento da água Benzo(a)pireno Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo[a]pyrène Anthracene Advanced oxidation process Proceso avanzado de oxidación Degradation by product Degradación por producto UV/H2O2 system Sistema UV/H2O2 |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Experimental design Diseño experimental Dispositif expérimental Dispositivo experimental Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos Hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique Water treatment Tratamiento del agua Traitement de l'eau Tratamento da água |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Benzo(a)pireno Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo[a]pyrène |
| dc.subject.lcshuri.none.fl_str_mv |
Anthracene |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Advanced oxidation process Proceso avanzado de oxidación Degradation by product Degradación por producto UV/H2O2 system Sistema UV/H2O2 |
| description |
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in water has become a problem of great concern due to the detrimental health effects caused to humans and living beings. In this work, the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 system for degrading the target compounds at ultra-trace levels in surface water has been evaluated. For this purpose, a previous optimization step using a face-centered central composite experimental design has been conducted, considering the effect of the UV-C irradiance and the initial concentration of H2O2. It was evidenced that under optimal operating conditions (11 mg L−1 H2O2 and 0.63 mW cm−2 irradiance), AN and BaP removal percentages were higher than 99.8%. Additionally, 69.3% of the organic matter, in terms of total organic carbon, was mineralized without the production of transformation by-products more harmful than the parent compounds. These findings demonstrate the oxidation capacity of the examined system in a natural matrix for degrading micropollutants that cannot be converted through conventional treatment processes. Consequently, new horizons are opened for the effective use of the UV/H2O2 system for drinking water production, providing the accomplishment of other regulated parameters related to water quality. |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T00:13:52Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T00:13:52Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0944-1344 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2989 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1614-7499 |
| identifier_str_mv |
0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| url |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2989 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
4392 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
5 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
4381 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
26 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MS (2016) A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egypt J Pet 25(1):107–123 Amani-Ghadim AR, Aber S, Olad A, Ashassi-Sorkhabi H (2013) Optimization of electrocoagulation process for removal of an azo dye using response surface methodology and investigation on the occurrence of destructive side reactions. Chem Eng Process 64:68–78 An YJ, Carraway ER (2002) PAH degradation by UV/H2O2 in perfluorinated surfactant solutions. Water Res 36(1):309–314 Beltrán FJ, Ovejero G, Rivas FJ (1996) Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. 3. UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 35:883–890 Beltrán FJ, González M, Rivas FJ, Álvarez P (1998) Fenton reagent advanced oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Water Air Soil Pollut 105:685–700 Bendouz M, Tran LH, Coudert L, Mercier G, Blais JF (2017) Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different synthetic solutions by Fenton’s oxidation. Environ Technol 38(1):116–127 Busetti F, Heitz A, Cuomo M, Badoer S, Traverso P (2006) Determination of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous and solid samples from an Italian wastewater treatment plant. J Chromatogr A 1102(1):104–115 Daneshvar N, Behnajady MA, Mohammadi MKA, Dorraji MS (2008) UV/H2O2 treatment of rhodamine B in aqueous solution: influence of operational parameters and kinetic modeling. Desalination 230(1–3):16–26 De la Cruz N, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Grandjean D, De Alencastro LF, Pulgarin C (2012) Degradation of 32 emergent contaminants by UV and neutral photo-Fenton in domestic wastewater effluent previously treated by activated sludge. Water Res 46(6):1947–1957 Directive (2013) Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. Off J Eur Union L226(2013):1–17 Elmorsi TM, Riyad YM, Mohamed ZH, El Bary HMA (2010) Decolorization of Mordant red 73 azo dye in water using H2O2/UV and photo-Fenton treatment. J Hazard Mater 174(1):352–358 Ferreira SL, Lemos VA, de Carvalho VS, da Silva EG, Queiroz AF, Felix CSA, da Silva DLF, Dourado GB, Oliveira RV (2018) Multivariate optimization techniques in analytical chemistry—an overview. Microchem J 140:176–182 Giraldo-Aguirre AL, Erazo-Erazo ED, Flórez-Acosta OA, Serna-Galvis EA, Torres-Palma RA (2015) TiO2 photocatalysis applied to the degradation and antimicrobial activity removal of oxacillin: evaluation of matrix components, experimental parameters, degradation pathways and identification of organics by-products. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 311:95–103 Jacobs LE, Weavers LK, Chin YP (2008) Direct and indirect photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nitrate-rich surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(8):1643–1648 Kralik P, Kusic H, Koprivanac N, Bozic AL (2010) Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by UV/H2O2: the application of experimental design and kinetic modeling approach. Chem Eng J 158(2):154–166 Krutzler T, Bauer R (1999) Optimization of a photo-Fenton prototype reactor. Chemosphere 38(11):2517–2532 Lair A, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM, Herrmann JM (2008) Naphthalene degradation in water by heterogeneous photocatalysis: an investigation of the influence of inorganic anions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 193(2):193–203 Ledakowicz S, Miller J, Olejnik D (1999) Oxidation of PAHs in water solutions by ultraviolet radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. Int J Photoener 1:55–60 Litter MI, Quici N (2010) Photochemical advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment. Recent Pat Eng 4:217–241 Lopez-Alvarez B, Torres-Palma RA, Peñuela G (2011) Solar photocatalitycal treatment of carbofuran at lab and pilot scale: effect of classical parameters, evaluation of the toxicity and analysis of organic by-products. J Hazard Mater 191(1):196–203 Lopez-Alvarez B, Villegas-Guzman P, Peñuela GA, Torres-Palma RA (2016) Degradation of a toxic mixture of the pesticides carbofuran and iprodione by UV/H2O2: evaluation of parameters and implications of the degradation pathways on the synergistic effects. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(6):215 Lutterbeck CA, Wilde ML, Baginska E, Leder C, Machado ÊL, Kümmerer K (2015) Degradation of 5-FU by means of advanced (photo) oxidation processes: UV/H2O2, UV/Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/TiO2—comparison of transformation products, ready biodegradability and toxicity. Sci Total Environ 527:232–245 Malakahmad A, Ho L (2017) Oxidation process optimization by response surface methodology for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water. Desalin Water Treat 65:408–417 Matilainen A, Sillanpää M (2010) Removal of natural organic matter from drinking water by advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 80(4):351–365 Oehlert G (2000) Design and analysis of experiments: response surface design. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York Pena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R (2009) Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1216(36):6356–6364 Pinilla JL, Arcelus-Arrillaga P, Puron H, Millan M (2013) Reaction pathways of anthracene selective catalytic steam cracking using a NiK/Al2O3 catalyst. Fuel 109:303–308 Rivas FJ, Beltrán FJ, Acedo B (2000) Chemical and photochemical degradation of acenaphthylene. Intermediate identification. J Hazard Mater 75:89–98 Ribeiro AR, Nunes OC, Pereira MF, & Silva AM (2015) An overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU. Environ Int 75:33–51 Rozas O, Vidal C, Baeza C, Jardim WF, Rossner A, Mansilla H (2016) Organic micropollutants (OMPs) in natural waters: oxidation by UV/H2O2 treatment and toxicity assessment. Water Res 98:109–118 Rubio D, Nebot E, Casanueva JF, Pulgarin C (2013) Comparative effect of simulated solar light, UV, UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton treatment (UV–vis/H2O2/Fe2+,3+) in the Escherichia coli inactivation in artificial seawater. Water Res 47:6367–6379 Rubio-Clemente A, Torres-Palma RA, Peñuela GA (2014) Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous environment by chemical treatments: a review. Sci Total Environ 458:201–225 Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela G (2017a) Rapid determination of anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Lett 50(8):1229–1247 Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela G (2017b) Kinetic model describing the UV/H2O2 photodegradation of phenol from water. Chem Ind Chem Eng Q 13(4):547–562 Sanches S, Leitão C, Penetra A, Cardoso VV, Ferreira E, Benoliel MJ, Barreto-Crespo MT, Pereira VJ (2011) Direct photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water sources. J Hazard Mater 192(3):1458–1465 Sarria-Villa R, Ocampo-Duque W, Páez M, Schuhmacher M (2016) Presence of PAHs in water and sediments of the Colombian Cauca River during heavy episodes of rain, and implications for risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 540:455–465 Shemer H, Linden KG (2007) Aqueous photodegradation and toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fluorene, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene. Water Res 41(4):853–861 Souza BS, Dantas RF, Cruz A, Sans C, Esplugas S, Dezotti M (2014) Photochemical oxidation of municipal secondary effluents at low H2O2 dosage: study of hydroxyl radical scavenging and process performance. Chem Eng J 237:268–276 Stepnowski P, Siedlecka EM, Behrend P, Jastorff B (2002) Enhanced photo-degradation of contaminants in petroleum refinery wastewater. Water Res 36(9):2167–2172 Vogna D, Marotta R, Andreozzi R, Napolitano A, d’Ischia M (2004) Kinetic and chemical assessment of the UV/H2O2 treatment of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine. Chemosphere 54(4):497–505 WEF & AWWA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC Włodarczyk-Makuła M (2011) Application of UV-rays in removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from treated wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A 46(3):248–257 Woo OT, Chung WK, Wong KH, Chow AT, Wong PK (2009) Photocatalytic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: intermediates identification and toxicity testing. J Hazard Mater 168:1192–1199 Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Tan C (2014) Factors affecting UV/H2O2 inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores in drinking water. J Photochem Photobiol B 134:9–15 Zuorro A, Fidaleo M, Lavecchia R (2013) Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of photodegradation of sulfonated diazo dye reactive green 19 by UV/H2O2 process. J Environ Manag 127:28–35 Zuorro A, Fidaleo M, Lavecchia R (2014) Degradation and antibiotic activity reduction of chloramphenicol in aqueous solution by UV/H2O2 process. J Environ Manag 133:302–308 |
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Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa8924cc9a-a600-460b-b180-3288281741e5Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenina3a70685-f160-43b7-8bd2-46fcfa5c040ePeñuela Mesa, Gustavo Antoniof172ce30-27a0-413a-8aa5-27c19a7e29802023-05-23T00:13:52Z2023-05-23T00:13:52Z20180944-1344https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/29891614-7499The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in water has become a problem of great concern due to the detrimental health effects caused to humans and living beings. In this work, the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 system for degrading the target compounds at ultra-trace levels in surface water has been evaluated. For this purpose, a previous optimization step using a face-centered central composite experimental design has been conducted, considering the effect of the UV-C irradiance and the initial concentration of H2O2. It was evidenced that under optimal operating conditions (11 mg L−1 H2O2 and 0.63 mW cm−2 irradiance), AN and BaP removal percentages were higher than 99.8%. Additionally, 69.3% of the organic matter, in terms of total organic carbon, was mineralized without the production of transformation by-products more harmful than the parent compounds. These findings demonstrate the oxidation capacity of the examined system in a natural matrix for degrading micropollutants that cannot be converted through conventional treatment processes. Consequently, new horizons are opened for the effective use of the UV/H2O2 system for drinking water production, providing the accomplishment of other regulated parameters related to water quality.12 páginasimage/jpegengSpringerAlemaniahttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-2411-6AntracenoExperimental designDiseño experimentalDispositif expérimentalDispositivo experimentalPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonshidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicosHydrocarbure aromatique polycycliqueWater treatmentTratamiento del aguaTraitement de l'eauTratamento da águaBenzo(a)pirenoBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo[a]pyrèneAnthraceneAdvanced oxidation processProceso avanzado de oxidaciónDegradation by productDegradación por productoUV/H2O2 systemSistema UV/H2O2Evaluation of the UV/H2O2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levelsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a8543925438126Environmental Science and Pollution ResearchAbdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MS (2016) A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egypt J Pet 25(1):107–123Amani-Ghadim AR, Aber S, Olad A, Ashassi-Sorkhabi H (2013) Optimization of electrocoagulation process for removal of an azo dye using response surface methodology and investigation on the occurrence of destructive side reactions. Chem Eng Process 64:68–78An YJ, Carraway ER (2002) PAH degradation by UV/H2O2 in perfluorinated surfactant solutions. Water Res 36(1):309–314Beltrán FJ, Ovejero G, Rivas FJ (1996) Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. 3. UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 35:883–890Beltrán FJ, González M, Rivas FJ, Álvarez P (1998) Fenton reagent advanced oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Water Air Soil Pollut 105:685–700Bendouz M, Tran LH, Coudert L, Mercier G, Blais JF (2017) Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different synthetic solutions by Fenton’s oxidation. Environ Technol 38(1):116–127Busetti F, Heitz A, Cuomo M, Badoer S, Traverso P (2006) Determination of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous and solid samples from an Italian wastewater treatment plant. J Chromatogr A 1102(1):104–115Daneshvar N, Behnajady MA, Mohammadi MKA, Dorraji MS (2008) UV/H2O2 treatment of rhodamine B in aqueous solution: influence of operational parameters and kinetic modeling. Desalination 230(1–3):16–26De la Cruz N, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Grandjean D, De Alencastro LF, Pulgarin C (2012) Degradation of 32 emergent contaminants by UV and neutral photo-Fenton in domestic wastewater effluent previously treated by activated sludge. Water Res 46(6):1947–1957Directive (2013) Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. Off J Eur Union L226(2013):1–17Elmorsi TM, Riyad YM, Mohamed ZH, El Bary HMA (2010) Decolorization of Mordant red 73 azo dye in water using H2O2/UV and photo-Fenton treatment. J Hazard Mater 174(1):352–358Ferreira SL, Lemos VA, de Carvalho VS, da Silva EG, Queiroz AF, Felix CSA, da Silva DLF, Dourado GB, Oliveira RV (2018) Multivariate optimization techniques in analytical chemistry—an overview. Microchem J 140:176–182Giraldo-Aguirre AL, Erazo-Erazo ED, Flórez-Acosta OA, Serna-Galvis EA, Torres-Palma RA (2015) TiO2 photocatalysis applied to the degradation and antimicrobial activity removal of oxacillin: evaluation of matrix components, experimental parameters, degradation pathways and identification of organics by-products. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 311:95–103Jacobs LE, Weavers LK, Chin YP (2008) Direct and indirect photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nitrate-rich surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(8):1643–1648Kralik P, Kusic H, Koprivanac N, Bozic AL (2010) Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by UV/H2O2: the application of experimental design and kinetic modeling approach. Chem Eng J 158(2):154–166Krutzler T, Bauer R (1999) Optimization of a photo-Fenton prototype reactor. Chemosphere 38(11):2517–2532Lair A, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM, Herrmann JM (2008) Naphthalene degradation in water by heterogeneous photocatalysis: an investigation of the influence of inorganic anions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 193(2):193–203Ledakowicz S, Miller J, Olejnik D (1999) Oxidation of PAHs in water solutions by ultraviolet radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. Int J Photoener 1:55–60Litter MI, Quici N (2010) Photochemical advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment. Recent Pat Eng 4:217–241Lopez-Alvarez B, Torres-Palma RA, Peñuela G (2011) Solar photocatalitycal treatment of carbofuran at lab and pilot scale: effect of classical parameters, evaluation of the toxicity and analysis of organic by-products. J Hazard Mater 191(1):196–203Lopez-Alvarez B, Villegas-Guzman P, Peñuela GA, Torres-Palma RA (2016) Degradation of a toxic mixture of the pesticides carbofuran and iprodione by UV/H2O2: evaluation of parameters and implications of the degradation pathways on the synergistic effects. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(6):215Lutterbeck CA, Wilde ML, Baginska E, Leder C, Machado ÊL, Kümmerer K (2015) Degradation of 5-FU by means of advanced (photo) oxidation processes: UV/H2O2, UV/Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/TiO2—comparison of transformation products, ready biodegradability and toxicity. Sci Total Environ 527:232–245Malakahmad A, Ho L (2017) Oxidation process optimization by response surface methodology for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water. Desalin Water Treat 65:408–417Matilainen A, Sillanpää M (2010) Removal of natural organic matter from drinking water by advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 80(4):351–365Oehlert G (2000) Design and analysis of experiments: response surface design. W.H. Freeman and Company, New YorkPena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R (2009) Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1216(36):6356–6364Pinilla JL, Arcelus-Arrillaga P, Puron H, Millan M (2013) Reaction pathways of anthracene selective catalytic steam cracking using a NiK/Al2O3 catalyst. Fuel 109:303–308Rivas FJ, Beltrán FJ, Acedo B (2000) Chemical and photochemical degradation of acenaphthylene. Intermediate identification. 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J Environ Manag 133:302–308info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbORIGINALEvaluation of the UV-H 2 O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo_a_pyrene at ultra-trace levels.jpgEvaluation of the UV-H 2 O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo_a_pyrene at ultra-trace levels.jpgDatos del documentoimage/jpeg255529https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2989/1/Evaluation%20of%20the%20UV-H%202%20O%202%20system%20for%20treating%20natural%20water%20with%20a%20mixture%20of%20anthracene%20and%20benzo_a_pyrene%20at%20ultra-trace%20levels.jpg0e8abf4e13c522adafd2a9bb342c386fMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2989/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTHUMBNAILEvaluation of the UV-H 2 O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo_a_pyrene at ultra-trace levels.jpg.jpgEvaluation of the UV-H 2 O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo_a_pyrene at ultra-trace levels.jpg.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg17416https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2989/3/Evaluation%20of%20the%20UV-H%202%20O%202%20system%20for%20treating%20natural%20water%20with%20a%20mixture%20of%20anthracene%20and%20benzo_a_pyrene%20at%20ultra-trace%20levels.jpg.jpg18fe23a071bdbe8d4ef64ff03dcc0038MD53open accesstdea/2989oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/29892023-05-23 03:01:43.834open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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