Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón
Dyes are a group of pollutants of growing concern due to the toxic effects associated with their presence in the environment and their recalcitrant character to the degradation by using the conventional systems wastewater treatment plants are operating with. In this regard, biochar, considered as a...
- Autores:
-
Gallego Ramírez, Carolina
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2765
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2765
- Palabra clave:
- Aguas residuales
Wastewater
Colorantes
Dyes
Tinta
Remoción
Removal
Desarrollo Sostenible
Sustainable Development
Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Aigües residuals
Biocarbón
Biochar
Biocarbó
Colorants
Desenvolupament sostenible
Remoció
Reusabilidad
Reutilització
Reusability
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Removal of dyes in water from the textile industry through the use of biochar Remoció de colorants en aigües procedents de la indústria tèxtil mitjançant l'ús de biocarbó |
| title |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| spellingShingle |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón Aguas residuales Wastewater Colorantes Dyes Tinta Remoción Removal Desarrollo Sostenible Sustainable Development Desenvolvimento Sustentável Aigües residuals Biocarbón Biochar Biocarbó Colorants Desenvolupament sostenible Remoció Reusabilidad Reutilització Reusability |
| title_short |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| title_full |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| title_fullStr |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| title_sort |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gallego Ramírez, Carolina Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gallego Ramírez, Carolina Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Aguas residuales Wastewater Colorantes Dyes Tinta Remoción Removal |
| topic |
Aguas residuales Wastewater Colorantes Dyes Tinta Remoción Removal Desarrollo Sostenible Sustainable Development Desenvolvimento Sustentável Aigües residuals Biocarbón Biochar Biocarbó Colorants Desenvolupament sostenible Remoció Reusabilidad Reutilització Reusability |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Desarrollo Sostenible Sustainable Development Desenvolvimento Sustentável |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Aigües residuals Biocarbón Biochar Biocarbó Colorants Desenvolupament sostenible Remoció Reusabilidad Reutilització Reusability |
| description |
Dyes are a group of pollutants of growing concern due to the toxic effects associated with their presence in the environment and their recalcitrant character to the degradation by using the conventional systems wastewater treatment plants are operating with. In this regard, biochar, considered as a by-product derived from the biomass thermochemical conversion process, is positioned as an attractive alternative due to the physicochemical properties, including the surface area and the functional groups, exhibited by this absorbing material. In the current work, dye definition, classification, properties and the adverse effects produced in the aquatic ecosystems are presented. Additionally, the commonly used water treatment systems are described, focusing on the use of biochar as an alternative technology. Finally, the cost-efficiency relation and the biochar reusability capacity during the pollutant removal process are covered. In this work, new horizons concerning the contribution to the circular economy and the long-awaited sustainable development are opened. Key words: biochar, dyes, removal, reusability, sustainable development, wastewater. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-09T04:45:30Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-09T04:45:30Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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0001-9704 |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2765 |
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2339-9686 |
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0001-9704 2339-9686 |
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spa |
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spa |
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404 |
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Afinidad |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Ahmad, A., Khan, N., Giri, B.S., Chowdhary, P., & Chaturvedi, P. Bioresource Technol., 2020, 306, 123202. Biswas, S., Mohapatra, S.S., Kumari, U., Meikap, B.C., & Sen, T.K. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2020, 8(1), 103637. Chahinez, H.O., Abdelkader, O., Leila, Y., & Tran, H.N. Environ. Technol. Innovation, 2020, 19, 100872. Chu, J.H., Kang, J.K., Park, S.J., & Lee, C.G. J. Water Process Eng., 2020, 37, 101455. Lin, R., Liang, Z., Yang, C., Zhao, Z., & Cui, F. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 573, 21-30. Park, J.H., Wang, J.J., Meng, Y., Wei, Z., DeLaune, R.D., & Seo, D.C. Colloids Surfaces A, 2019, 572, 274-282. Dai, J., Meng, X., Zhang, Y., & Huang, Y. Bioresource Technol., 2020, 311, 123455. Dai, Y., Zhang, N., Xing, C., Cui, Q., & Sun, Q. Chemosphere, 2019, 223, 12-27. Godwin, P.M., Pan, Y., Xiao, H., & Afzal, M.T. J. Bioresources Bioproducts, 2019, 4(1), 31-42. Chen, X.L., Li, F., Chen, H.Y., Wang, H.J., & Li, G.G. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2020, 8(4), 103905. 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Gallego Ramírez, Carolinadeb78d0b-f20a-4349-8c21-f71954f15624Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa8924cc9a-a600-460b-b180-3288281741e52023-04-09T04:45:30Z2023-04-09T04:45:30Z20220001-9704https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/27652339-9686Dyes are a group of pollutants of growing concern due to the toxic effects associated with their presence in the environment and their recalcitrant character to the degradation by using the conventional systems wastewater treatment plants are operating with. In this regard, biochar, considered as a by-product derived from the biomass thermochemical conversion process, is positioned as an attractive alternative due to the physicochemical properties, including the surface area and the functional groups, exhibited by this absorbing material. In the current work, dye definition, classification, properties and the adverse effects produced in the aquatic ecosystems are presented. Additionally, the commonly used water treatment systems are described, focusing on the use of biochar as an alternative technology. Finally, the cost-efficiency relation and the biochar reusability capacity during the pollutant removal process are covered. In this work, new horizons concerning the contribution to the circular economy and the long-awaited sustainable development are opened. Key words: biochar, dyes, removal, reusability, sustainable development, wastewater.Los colorantes son un grupo de contaminantes de creciente preocupación debido a la toxicidad asociada a su presencia en el ambiente y a su carácter recalcitrante al momento de ser degradados por medio de procesos convencionales con los que operan las plantas de tratamientos de aguas residuales. En este sentido, el biocarbón, considerado como un sub-producto derivado del proceso de conversión termoquímica de la biomasa, se posiciona como un tratamiento alternativo gracias a sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, como lo son su gran superficie específica y grupos funcionales. En este trabajo, se presenta el concepto, clasificación y propiedades de los colorantes, así como los efectos adversos que causan estos contaminantes en los ecosistemas acuáticos. Adicionalmente, se exponen los tratamientos usados en la remoción de colorantes del agua residual, haciendo énfasis en el uso del biocarbón como tecnología alternativa. Finalmente, se presenta la relación costo-eficiencia del biocarbón, teniendo en cuenta su capacidad de reusabilidad. Con este trabajo, se abren nuevos horizontes en el uso del biocarbón para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas, contribuyendo a la economía circular y al tan anhelado desarrollo sostenible. Palabras clave: aguas residuales, biocarbón, colorantes, desarrollo sostenible, remoción, reusabilidad.Els colorants són un grup de contaminants de preocupació creixent a causa de la toxicitat associada a la seva presència a l'ambient i al seu caràcter recalcitrant al moment de ser degradats per mitjà de processos convencionals amb què operen les plantes de tractaments d'aigües residuals. En aquest sentit, el biocarbó, considerat com un subproducte derivat del procés de conversió termoquímica de la biomassa, es posiciona com un tractament alternatiu gràcies a les seves propietats fisicoquímiques, com ho són la seva gran superfície específica i grups funcionals. En aquest treball, es presenta el concepte, classificació i propietats dels colorants, així com els efectes adversos que causen aquests contaminants als ecosistemes aquàtics. Addicionalment, s'exposen els tractaments usats en la remoció de colorants de l'aigua residual, fent èmfasi en l'ús del biocarbó com a tecnologia alternativa. Finalment, es presenta la relació cost-eficiència del biocarbó, tenint en compte la seva capacitat de reusabilitat. Amb aquest treball, s'obren nous horitzons en l'ús del biocarbó per al tractament d'aigües contaminades, contribuint a l'economia circular i el desenvolupament sostenible tan anhelat. Paraules clau: Aigües residuals, biocarbó, colorants, desenvolupament sostenible, remoció, reutilització.10 páginasapplication/pdfspaAssociació de Químics i Enginyers de l'IQSEspañahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8698912Remoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbónRemoval of dyes in water from the textile industry through the use of biocharRemoció de colorants en aigües procedents de la indústria tèxtil mitjançant l'ús de biocarbóArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion40459539579AfinidadTkaczyk, A., Mitrowska, K., & Posyniak, A. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 717, 137222.Cortazar, A., Coronel, C., Escalante, A., & González, C. 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Clay Sci., 2020, 190, 105587.Aguas residualesWastewaterColorantesDyesTintaRemociónRemovalDesarrollo SostenibleSustainable DevelopmentDesenvolvimento SustentávelAigües residualsBiocarbónBiocharBiocarbóColorantsDesenvolupament sostenibleRemocióReusabilidadReutilitzacióReusabilityORIGINALRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdfRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdfapplication/pdf375547https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2765/1/Remoci%c3%b3n%20de%20colorantes%20en%20aguas%20procedentes%20de%20la%20industria%20textil%20mediante%20el%20uso%20de%20biocarb%c3%b3n.pdf964bee4241162bd7b25ee9d672e5ec56MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2765/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdf.txtRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain48806https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2765/3/Remoci%c3%b3n%20de%20colorantes%20en%20aguas%20procedentes%20de%20la%20industria%20textil%20mediante%20el%20uso%20de%20biocarb%c3%b3n.pdf.txted3c1e6955bed6d347a5dfff618aa363MD53open accessTHUMBNAILRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdf.jpgRemoción de colorantes en aguas procedentes de la industria textil mediante el uso de biocarbón.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13027https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2765/4/Remoci%c3%b3n%20de%20colorantes%20en%20aguas%20procedentes%20de%20la%20industria%20textil%20mediante%20el%20uso%20de%20biocarb%c3%b3n.pdf.jpgd28852e61585a71dbcd75142711e9571MD54open accesstdea/2765oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/27652023-04-09 03:01:52.635An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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