The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories
The rise of Shining Path in the rural areas of Peru and its revolutionary war between 1980 and 1992 contributed significantly to the weakening of indigenous mobilization in that country. From the perspective of a combination of political opportunity and new social movements theories, Shining Path to...
- Autores:
-
Jima González, Alexandra
Paradela López, Miguel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/3849
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/3849
- Palabra clave:
- Movimientos sociales
Social movements
Mouvements Sociaux
Pueblos Indígenas
Peuples Autochtones
Indigenous Peoples
Pessoas indígenas
Parti politique
Comunismo
Communisme
Communisme
Partido político
Political parties
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
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The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| title |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| spellingShingle |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories Movimientos sociales Social movements Mouvements Sociaux Pueblos Indígenas Peuples Autochtones Indigenous Peoples Pessoas indígenas Parti politique Comunismo Communisme Communisme Partido político Political parties |
| title_short |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| title_full |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| title_fullStr |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| title_sort |
The Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Jima González, Alexandra Paradela López, Miguel |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Jima González, Alexandra Paradela López, Miguel |
| dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Movimientos sociales Social movements Mouvements Sociaux |
| topic |
Movimientos sociales Social movements Mouvements Sociaux Pueblos Indígenas Peuples Autochtones Indigenous Peoples Pessoas indígenas Parti politique Comunismo Communisme Communisme Partido político Political parties |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Pueblos Indígenas Peuples Autochtones Indigenous Peoples Pessoas indígenas Parti politique Comunismo Communisme Communisme |
| dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv |
Partido político Political parties |
| description |
The rise of Shining Path in the rural areas of Peru and its revolutionary war between 1980 and 1992 contributed significantly to the weakening of indigenous mobilization in that country. From the perspective of a combination of political opportunity and new social movements theories, Shining Path took advantage of a history of rural isolation and a political vacuum to take control of rural areas and impose extreme repression of counterrevolutionary mobilization. It systematically pressured the indigenous communities to collaborate with it and embrace a materialist-based peasant identity. At the same time, the erratic and disproportionate response of the government negatively affected the indigenous communities. Merging the two theories allows a better understanding of this situation. |
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2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
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2023-09-07T02:53:23Z |
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2023-09-07T02:53:23Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Albertus Michael 2020 “Land reform and civil conflict: theory and evidence from Peru.” American Journal of Political Science 64 (2): 256–274. Albro Robert 2005 “The indigenous in the plural in Bolivian oppositional politics.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 24: 433–453. Becker Marc 2008 Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador′s Modern Indigenous Movements. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Bernstein Mary 2005 “Identity politics.” Annual Review of Sociology 31: 47–74. Brysk Alison 1994 “Acting globally: Indian rights and international politics in Latin America,” pp. 29–51 in Van Cott Donna Lee (ed.), Indigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Buechler Steven 1995 “New social movement theories.” Sociological Quarterly 36: 441–464. Calhoun Craig 1991 “The problem of identity in collective action,” pp. 51–75 in Huber Joan (ed.), Macro-Micro Linkages in Sociology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Calienes Christian 2018 “The production of space: indigenous resistance movements in the Peruvian Amazon.” Ph.D. diss., City University of New York. Cohen Jean 1985 “Strategy or identity: New theoretical paradigms and contemporary social movements.” Social Research 52: 663–716. CVR (Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación) 2003 “Informe final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.” https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/index.php (accessed April 22, 2021). Dalton Russell 2013 Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Washington, DC: Cq Press. Dávila Puño Julio 2005 Perú: Gobiernos locales y pueblos indígenas. Lima: Racimos de Ungurahui. Degregori Carlos Iván 1988 “Sendero Luminoso: Parte I: Los hondos y mortales desencuentros. Parte IIi: Lucha armada y utopía autoritaria.” https://repositorio.iep.org.pe/handle/IEP/971 (accessed April 22, 2021). Degregori Carlos Iván 1991 “How difficult it is to be God: ideology and political violence in Sendero Luminoso.” Critique of Anthropology 11 (3): 233–250. Degregori Carlos Iván 1998 “Movimientos étnicos, democracia y nación en Perú y Bolivia,” pp. 159–225 in Dary Claudia (ed.), La construcción de la nación y la representación ciudadana en México, Guatemala, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia. Guatemala City: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Guatemala. Degregori Carlos Iván 2000 “Violencia y discurso político en sendero luminoso.” Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 29: 493–513. Degregori Carlos Iván, Rivera Paz Carlos 1993 Peru 1980–1993, Fuerzas armadas, subversión y democracia: Redefinición del papel militar en un contexto de violencia subversiva y colapso de régimen democrático. Lima: IEP. de la Cadena Marisol 2000 Indigenous Mestizos: The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919–1991. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Della Porta Donatella, Diani Mario 2011 Los movimientos sociales. Madrid: CISH. del Olmo Vicen Nuria 2003 “Construcción de identidades colectivas entre inmigrantes: ¿interés, reconocimiento y/o refugio?” Revista de Investigaciones Sociológicas 104: 29–56. del Pino Ponciano 1996 “Tiempos de guerra y de dioses: ronderos, evangélicos y senderistas en el valle del río Apurímac,” pp. 117–188 in Degrégori Carlos Iván (ed.), Las rondas campesinas y la derrota de Sendero Luminoso. Lima: IEP Ediciones. Foran John 2005 Theorizing Revolutions. London: Routledge. Francisco Ronald 1996 “Coercion and protest: an empirical test in two democratic states.” American Journal of Political Science 40: 1179–1204. Gamson William 1991 “Commitment and agency in social movements.” Sociological Forum 6 (1): 27–50. Gorriti Gustavo 1990 “The war of the philosopher-king.” New Republic 202 (25): 15–22. Greene Shane 2006 “Getting over the Andes: the geo-eco-politics of indigenous movements in Peru’s twenty-first-century Inca Empire.” Journal of Latin American Studies 38: 327–354. Greene Shane 1994 “Identity fields: framing processes and the social construction of movement identities,” pp. 185–208 in Laraña Enrique, Johnston Hank, Gusfield Joseph (eds.), New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. INEE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) 2018 “III censo de comunicades nativas (2017): resultados definitivos.” https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1598/TOMO_01.pdf (accessed April 22, 2021). Isbell Billie Jean 1994 “Shining Path and peasant responses in rural Ayacucho,” pp. 77–99 in Palmer David Scott (ed.), The Shining Path of Peru. New York: Springer. Jenkins Craig, Perrow Charles 1977 “Insurgency of the powerless: farm worker movements (1946–1972).” American Sociological Review 43 (3): 249–268. Jima-González Alexandra, Paradela-López Miguel 2020 “Indians in Pensamiento Gonzalo: the influence of the 20th-century Peruvian intelligentsia on Shining Path’s ideology.” SAGE Open 10 (4): 1-14. Kent Robert 1993 “Geographical dimensions of the Shining Path insurgency in Peru.” Geographical Review 83: 441–454. Khawaja Marwan 1993 “Repression and popular collective action: evidence from the West Bank.” Sociological Forum 8 (1): 47–71. Klandermans Bert 2008 “The demand and supply of participation: social psychological correlates of participation in social movements,” pp. 360–379 in Snow David A., Soule Sarah A., Kriesi Hanspeter (eds.), The Blackwell Companion of Social Movements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. La Serna Miguel 2012 The Corner of the Living: Ayacucho on the Eve of the Shining Path Insurgency. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. McAdam Doug 1982 Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Madrid Raúl 2011 “Ethnic proximity and ethnic voting in Peru.” Journal of Latin American Studies 43 (2): 267–297. Manrique Nelson 2007 “Pensamiento, acción y base política del movimiento Sendero Luminoso: la guerra y las primeras respuestas de los comuneros (1964–1983).” https://www.verdadyreconciliacionperu.com/admin/files/articulos/273_digitalizacion.pdf (accessed April 22, 2021). Mariátegui José Carlos 1969 7 ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana. Lima: Biblioteca Amauta. Mariátegui José Carlos 1970 Peruanicemos al Perú. Lima: Empresa Editora Amauta. Marks Thomas, Palmer David Scott 2005 “Radical Maoist insurgents and terrorist tactics: comparing Peru and Nepal.” Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement 13 (2): 91–116. Martí i Puig Salvador 2008 “Las razones de presencia y éxito de los partidos étnicos en América Latina: los casos de Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua y Perú (1990–2005).” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 70: 675–724. Melucci Alberto 1982 L’invenzione del presente: Movimenti, identità, bisogni individuali. Bologna: Il Mulino. Melucci Alberto 1988 “Getting involved: identity and mobilization in social movements,” pp. 329–348 in Klandermans Bert, Kriesi Hanspeter, Tarrow Sydney (eds.), From Structure to Action: Comparing Social Movement Research across Cultures. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Méndez-Gastelumendi Cecilia 1996 “Incas sí, indios no: notes on Peruvian creole nationalism and its contemporary crisis.” Journal of Latin American Studies 28 (1): 197–225. Méndez-Gastelumendi Cecilia 2001 “The power of naming, or the construction of ethnic and national identities in Peru: myth, history and the Iquichanos.” Past and Present 171 (1): 127–160. Merino Roger 2020 “Rethinking indigenous politics: the unnoticed struggle for self-determination in Peru.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 39: 513–528. Meyer David 2004 “Protest and political opportunities.” Annual Review of Sociology 31: 125–145. Norris Pippa, Walgrave Stefaan, Van Aelst Peter 2005 “Who demonstrates? Antistate rebels, conventional participants, or everyone?” Comparative Politics 37 (2): 189–205. Opp Karl-Dieter, Roehl Wolfgang 1990 “Repression, micromobilization, and political protest.” Social Forces 69: 521–547. Pallares Amalia 2002 From Peasant Struggles to Indian Resistance: The Ecuadorian Andes in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Palmer David Scott 1986 “Rebellion in rural Peru: the origins and evolution of Sendero Luminoso.” Comparative Politics 18 (2): 127–146. Palmer David Scott 2017 “Revolutionary leadership as necessary element in people’s war: Shining Path of Peru.” Small Wars and Insurgencies 28: 426–450. Palmer David Scott (ed.) 1992 The Shining Path of Peru. New York: Springer. Paredes Maritza 2008 Weak Indigenous Politics in Peru. Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity Working Paper 33. Paredes Martiza, Došek Tomas 2020 “The subnational indigenous quota in Peru: the paradoxes of political representation.” Latin American Politics and Society 62 (3): 123–148. Pizzorno Alessandro 1989 “Algún otro tipo de alteridad: una crítica a las teorías de la elección racional.” Sistema: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 88: 27–42. Polletta Francesca, Jasper James 2001 “Collective identity and social movements.” Annual Review of Sociology 27 (1): 283–305. Rénique Gerardo 2009 “Law of the Jungle in Peru: Indigenous Amazonian uprising against neoliberalism.” Socialism and Democracy 23 (3): 117–135. Sánchez-Cuenca Ignacio, de la Calle Luis 2009 “Domestic terrorism: the hidden side of political violence.” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 31–49. Selbin Eric 2005 “Revolution in the real world: bringing agency back in,” pp. 118–132 in Foran John (ed.), Theorizing Revolutions. London: Routledge. Selbin Eric 2018 Modern Latin American Revolutions. London: Routledge. Selverston-Scher Melina 2001 Ethnopolitics in Ecuador: Indigenous Rights and the Strengthening of Democracy. Miami: North-South Center Press. Siegel David 2011 “When does repression work? Collective action in social networks.” Journal of Politics 73: 993–1010. Starn Orin 1992 “‘I dreamed of foxes and hawks’: reflections on peasant protest, new social movements, and the rondas campesinas of northern Peru,” pp. 89–112 in Álvarez Sonia, Escobar Arturo (eds.), The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press. Starn Orin 1995 “Maoism in the Andes: The Communist Party of Peru–Shining Path and the refusal of history.” Journal of Latin American Studies 27: 399–421. Stern Steve (ed.), 1998 Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Strong Simon 1992 Shining Path: Terror and Revolution in Peru. New York: Times Books. Sulmont David 2005 “Encuesta nacional sobre exclusión y discriminación social: informe final de análisis de resultados.” https://centroderecursos.cultura.pe/es/registrobibliografico/encuesta-nacional-sobre-exclusi%C3%B3n-y-discriminaci%C3%B3n-social-informe-final-de (accessed April 22, 2021). Tarrow Sydney 1989 Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy, 1965–1975. Oxford: Oxford University Press Tarrow Sydney 2011 Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thorp Rosemary, Caumartin Corinne, Gray-Molina George 2006 “Inequality, ethnicity, political mobilisation and political violence in Latin America: the cases of Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 25: 453–480. Touraine Alain 1965 Sociologie de l’action. Paris: Editions du Seuil. Touraine Alain 1993 Crítica de la modernidad. Madrid: Temas de Hoy. Van Aelst Peter, Walgrave Stefaan 2001 “Who is that (wo)man in the street? From the normalisation of protest to the normalisation of the protester.” European Journal of Political Research 39: 461–486. Van Cott Donna Lee 2005 From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wheat Andrew 1990 “Shining Path’s ‘fourth sword’ ideology.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 18 (1): 41–55. White Robert 1989 “From peaceful protest to guerrilla war: micromobilization of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.” American Journal of Sociology 94: 1277–1302. Yashar Deborah 2006 “Indigenous politics in the Andes: changing patterns of recognition, reform, and representation,” pp. 257–295 in Mainwaring Scott (ed.), The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press |
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Jima González, Alexandra2fa042ec-9b4c-4897-8f18-e9dbe3e53e54Paradela López, Migueldb575f2d-106c-4559-bcf2-15aeefc6ac792023-09-07T02:53:23Z2023-09-07T02:53:23Z20210094-582Xhttps://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/38491552-678XThe rise of Shining Path in the rural areas of Peru and its revolutionary war between 1980 and 1992 contributed significantly to the weakening of indigenous mobilization in that country. From the perspective of a combination of political opportunity and new social movements theories, Shining Path took advantage of a history of rural isolation and a political vacuum to take control of rural areas and impose extreme repression of counterrevolutionary mobilization. It systematically pressured the indigenous communities to collaborate with it and embrace a materialist-based peasant identity. At the same time, the erratic and disproportionate response of the government negatively affected the indigenous communities. Merging the two theories allows a better understanding of this situation.16 páginasimage/jpegengSAGE PublishingReino Unidohttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0094582X211031920?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.8Movimientos socialesSocial movementsMouvements SociauxPueblos IndígenasPeuples AutochtonesIndigenous PeoplesPessoas indígenasParti politiqueComunismoCommunismeCommunismePartido políticoPolitical partiesThe Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru: An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements TheoriesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Perú209619448Albertus Michael 2020 “Land reform and civil conflict: theory and evidence from Peru.” American Journal of Political Science 64 (2): 256–274.Albro Robert 2005 “The indigenous in the plural in Bolivian oppositional politics.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 24: 433–453.Becker Marc 2008 Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador′s Modern Indigenous Movements. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Bernstein Mary 2005 “Identity politics.” Annual Review of Sociology 31: 47–74.Brysk Alison 1994 “Acting globally: Indian rights and international politics in Latin America,” pp. 29–51 in Van Cott Donna Lee (ed.), Indigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Buechler Steven 1995 “New social movement theories.” Sociological Quarterly 36: 441–464.Calhoun Craig 1991 “The problem of identity in collective action,” pp. 51–75 in Huber Joan (ed.), Macro-Micro Linkages in Sociology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Calienes Christian 2018 “The production of space: indigenous resistance movements in the Peruvian Amazon.” Ph.D. diss., City University of New York.Cohen Jean 1985 “Strategy or identity: New theoretical paradigms and contemporary social movements.” Social Research 52: 663–716.CVR (Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación) 2003 “Informe final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.” https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/index.php (accessed April 22, 2021).Dalton Russell 2013 Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Washington, DC: Cq Press.Dávila Puño Julio 2005 Perú: Gobiernos locales y pueblos indígenas. Lima: Racimos de Ungurahui.Degregori Carlos Iván 1988 “Sendero Luminoso: Parte I: Los hondos y mortales desencuentros. Parte IIi: Lucha armada y utopía autoritaria.” https://repositorio.iep.org.pe/handle/IEP/971 (accessed April 22, 2021).Degregori Carlos Iván 1991 “How difficult it is to be God: ideology and political violence in Sendero Luminoso.” Critique of Anthropology 11 (3): 233–250.Degregori Carlos Iván 1998 “Movimientos étnicos, democracia y nación en Perú y Bolivia,” pp. 159–225 in Dary Claudia (ed.), La construcción de la nación y la representación ciudadana en México, Guatemala, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia. Guatemala City: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Guatemala.Degregori Carlos Iván 2000 “Violencia y discurso político en sendero luminoso.” Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 29: 493–513.Degregori Carlos Iván, Rivera Paz Carlos 1993 Peru 1980–1993, Fuerzas armadas, subversión y democracia: Redefinición del papel militar en un contexto de violencia subversiva y colapso de régimen democrático. Lima: IEP.de la Cadena Marisol 2000 Indigenous Mestizos: The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919–1991. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Della Porta Donatella, Diani Mario 2011 Los movimientos sociales. Madrid: CISH.del Olmo Vicen Nuria 2003 “Construcción de identidades colectivas entre inmigrantes: ¿interés, reconocimiento y/o refugio?” Revista de Investigaciones Sociológicas 104: 29–56.del Pino Ponciano 1996 “Tiempos de guerra y de dioses: ronderos, evangélicos y senderistas en el valle del río Apurímac,” pp. 117–188 in Degrégori Carlos Iván (ed.), Las rondas campesinas y la derrota de Sendero Luminoso. Lima: IEP Ediciones.Foran John 2005 Theorizing Revolutions. London: Routledge.Francisco Ronald 1996 “Coercion and protest: an empirical test in two democratic states.” American Journal of Political Science 40: 1179–1204.Gamson William 1991 “Commitment and agency in social movements.” Sociological Forum 6 (1): 27–50.Gorriti Gustavo 1990 “The war of the philosopher-king.” New Republic 202 (25): 15–22.Greene Shane 2006 “Getting over the Andes: the geo-eco-politics of indigenous movements in Peru’s twenty-first-century Inca Empire.” Journal of Latin American Studies 38: 327–354.Greene Shane 1994 “Identity fields: framing processes and the social construction of movement identities,” pp. 185–208 in Laraña Enrique, Johnston Hank, Gusfield Joseph (eds.), New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.INEE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) 2018 “III censo de comunicades nativas (2017): resultados definitivos.” https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1598/TOMO_01.pdf (accessed April 22, 2021).Isbell Billie Jean 1994 “Shining Path and peasant responses in rural Ayacucho,” pp. 77–99 in Palmer David Scott (ed.), The Shining Path of Peru. New York: Springer.Jenkins Craig, Perrow Charles 1977 “Insurgency of the powerless: farm worker movements (1946–1972).” American Sociological Review 43 (3): 249–268.Jima-González Alexandra, Paradela-López Miguel 2020 “Indians in Pensamiento Gonzalo: the influence of the 20th-century Peruvian intelligentsia on Shining Path’s ideology.” SAGE Open 10 (4): 1-14.Kent Robert 1993 “Geographical dimensions of the Shining Path insurgency in Peru.” Geographical Review 83: 441–454.Khawaja Marwan 1993 “Repression and popular collective action: evidence from the West Bank.” Sociological Forum 8 (1): 47–71.Klandermans Bert 2008 “The demand and supply of participation: social psychological correlates of participation in social movements,” pp. 360–379 in Snow David A., Soule Sarah A., Kriesi Hanspeter (eds.), The Blackwell Companion of Social Movements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.La Serna Miguel 2012 The Corner of the Living: Ayacucho on the Eve of the Shining Path Insurgency. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.McAdam Doug 1982 Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Madrid Raúl 2011 “Ethnic proximity and ethnic voting in Peru.” Journal of Latin American Studies 43 (2): 267–297.Manrique Nelson 2007 “Pensamiento, acción y base política del movimiento Sendero Luminoso: la guerra y las primeras respuestas de los comuneros (1964–1983).” https://www.verdadyreconciliacionperu.com/admin/files/articulos/273_digitalizacion.pdf (accessed April 22, 2021).Mariátegui José Carlos 1969 7 ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana. Lima: Biblioteca Amauta.Mariátegui José Carlos 1970 Peruanicemos al Perú. 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Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories.jpgThe Negative Impact of Shining Path on Indigenous Mobilization in Peru-An Approach from Political Opportunity and New Social Movements Theories.jpgDatos del documentoimage/jpeg242847https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/3849/1/The%20Negative%20Impact%20of%20Shining%20Path%20on%20Indigenous%20Mobilization%20in%20Peru-An%20Approach%20from%20Political%20Opportunity%20and%20New%20Social%20Movements%20Theories.jpg55b37f918c686c347a8398f9f7757afcMD51open accesstdea/3849oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/38492023-09-07 03:01:24.439open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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