A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes
A necrophagous flies ensemble (Diptera, Calyptratae) was rapidly assessed in four coverages of an anthropogenic landscape in the east range of the Colombian Andes. Ninety- seven individuals belonging to eight species were collected in only two hours of sampling. The highest diversity values and the...
- Autores:
-
Amat García, Eduardo Carlo
Medina Uribe, Claudia Alejandra
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/1415
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/1415
- Palabra clave:
- Calliphoridae
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1209
Forensic entomology
Entomología forense
Blow flies
carrion feeding
Decomposers
Diversity
Carroñeras
Descomponedores
Diversidad
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| dc.title.alternative.none.fl_str_mv |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| title |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| spellingShingle |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes Calliphoridae http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1209 Forensic entomology Entomología forense Blow flies carrion feeding Decomposers Diversity Carroñeras Descomponedores Diversidad |
| title_short |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| title_full |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| title_fullStr |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| title_sort |
A rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian Andes |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Amat García, Eduardo Carlo Medina Uribe, Claudia Alejandra |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Amat García, Eduardo Carlo Medina Uribe, Claudia Alejandra |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Calliphoridae |
| topic |
Calliphoridae http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1209 Forensic entomology Entomología forense Blow flies carrion feeding Decomposers Diversity Carroñeras Descomponedores Diversidad |
| dc.subject.agrovocuri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1209 |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Forensic entomology Entomología forense |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Blow flies carrion feeding Decomposers Diversity Carroñeras Descomponedores Diversidad |
| description |
A necrophagous flies ensemble (Diptera, Calyptratae) was rapidly assessed in four coverages of an anthropogenic landscape in the east range of the Colombian Andes. Ninety- seven individuals belonging to eight species were collected in only two hours of sampling. The highest diversity values and the occurrence of asynanthropic flies in the forest under conservation management may reflect a positively natural restoration process in the area assessed. Grassland, rural and urban coverages were similarly low in diversity and composition. A brief discussion about the flies’ bionomy and their environment association is offered. Necrophagous flies ensembles by coverage behave as an indicator of the anthropic impact on the landscape. |
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2021 |
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2021-06-17T15:59:45Z |
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2021-06-17T15:59:45Z |
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2021 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_998f |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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2539-0147 |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/1415 |
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2539-0147 |
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https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/1415 |
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eng |
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eng |
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28 |
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4 |
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21 |
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Memorias Forenses |
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Memorias Forenses, (4), pág. 21-28, 2021 |
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openAccess |
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8 p. |
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application/pdf |
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Andes colombianos |
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Tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria |
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Medellín, Colombia |
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Tecnológico de Antioquia |
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Amat García, Eduardo Carlo3323f5c6-ac61-4e2d-99ea-b547f4750b7fMedina Uribe, Claudia Alejandra2c2e1368-8057-4e47-a50e-fa2732749ffc2021-06-17T15:59:45Z2021-06-17T15:59:45Z20212539-0147https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/1415A necrophagous flies ensemble (Diptera, Calyptratae) was rapidly assessed in four coverages of an anthropogenic landscape in the east range of the Colombian Andes. Ninety- seven individuals belonging to eight species were collected in only two hours of sampling. The highest diversity values and the occurrence of asynanthropic flies in the forest under conservation management may reflect a positively natural restoration process in the area assessed. Grassland, rural and urban coverages were similarly low in diversity and composition. A brief discussion about the flies’ bionomy and their environment association is offered. Necrophagous flies ensembles by coverage behave as an indicator of the anthropic impact on the landscape.Una evaluación ecológica rápida del ensamble de moscas necrófagas (Diptera, Calyptratae) se llevó a cabo en cuatro coberturas del paisaje antropizado del municipio de Viotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Noventa y siete individuos distribuidos en tres familias y ocho especies fueron recolectados en tan solo dos horas de muestreo. Los valores más altos de diversidad y la presencia de moscas asinantrópicas típicas de áreas conservadas en la cobertura de bosque, podría indicar un efecto positivo en su proceso de restauración. El pastizal, el área rural y la región urbana resultaron similares en composición y valores de baja diversidad. Se ofrece una breve discusión acerca de la bionomía de las moscas y su ambiente asociado. Finalmente evidenciamos que los ensambles de moscas por cobertura se comportan como indicadores del impacto antropogénico en el paisaje.8 p.application/pdfengTecnológico de Antioquia-Institución UniversitariaMedellín, ColombiaA rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian AndesA rapid ecological assessment for necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) in a mosaic landscape of the Colombian AndesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_998fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTCORTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Andes colombianos28421Memorias ForensesMemorias Forenses, (4), pág. 21-28, 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Calliphoridaehttp://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1209Forensic entomologyEntomología forenseBlow fliescarrion feedingDecomposersDiversityCarroñerasDescomponedoresDiversidadAmat, E. (2017). Calliphoridae (Diptera) do noroeste da América do Sul: diversidade, distribuição e código de barras genético [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia]. https://bdtd.inpa.gov. br/handle/tede/2608Amat, E., Vélez, M. C., & Wolff, M. (2008). Clave ilustrada para la identificación de los géneros y las especies de califóridos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) de Colombia. Caldasia, 30(1), 231–244.Baumgartner, D., & Greenberg, B. (1985). Distribution and Medical Ecology of the Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Peru. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 565– 587.Chao, A., & Jost, L. (2015). Estimating diversity and entropy profiles via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 873–882.D’almeida, J. M., & Lopes, H. de S. (1983). Sinantropia de dípteros caliptratos (Calliphoridae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Arquivos Da Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, 6, 39–48de Sousa, J. R. P., da Silva Carvalho-Filho, F., Juen, L., & Esposito, M. C. (2020). The effects of cattle ranching on the communities of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellidae and Sarcophagidae) in Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Insect Conservation, 24(4), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-020-00246-yde Sousa, J. R. P., Esposito, M. C., Carvalho, F. da S., & Juen, L. (2014). The potential uses of sarcosaprophagous flesh flies and blowflies for the evaluation of the regeneration and conservation of forest clearings: a case study in the Amazon forest. Journal of Insect Science (Online), 14(215), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jisesa/ieu077Gadelha, B. Q. (2009). A importância dos mesembrinelíneos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) e seu potencial como indicadores de preservação ambiental. Oecologia Brasiliensis, 13(4), 660– 664.Gregor, F., & Povolný, D. (1958). Versuch einer Klassifikation der synanthropen fliegen (Diptera). Journal Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology & Inmunology, 2, 205–216.Grella, M. D., Savino, A. G., Paulo, D. F., Mendes, F. M., Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L., Queiroz, M. M. C., Thyssen, P. J., & Linhares, A. X. (2015). Phenotypic polymorphism of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) may lead to species misidentification. Acta Tropica, 141(Part A), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. actatropica.2014.09.011Grisales, D., Ruiz, M., & Villegas, S. (2010). Insects associated with exposed decomposition bodies in the Colombian Andean Coffe Region. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(4), 637–644.Majer, J. D. (1987). Invertebrates as indicators for management. In D. A. Saunders, G. W. Arnold, A. A. Burbidge, & A. J. M. Hopkings (Eds.), Nature conservation: the role of remnants of native vegetation (Surrey Bea, pp. 353–354).Marshall, S. A. (2012). Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books Ltd.Montoya-G, A., Sanchez, J. D., & Wolff, M. (2009). Sinantropía de Calliphoridae (Diptera) del Municipio La Pintada, Antioquia - Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 35(1), 73– 82.Nuorteva, P. (1963). Synanthropy of blowflies (Dipt., Calliphoridae) in Finland. Annales Entomologici Fennici., 29, 1–49.Povolný, D. (1971). Synanthropy. In B. Greenberg (Ed.), Flies and Disease, Ecology, classification, and biotic associations, Vol. 1 (pp. 17–54).Rosa, G. S., De Carvalho, L. R., Dos Reis, S. F., & Godoy, W. A. C. (2006). The dynamics of intraguild predation in Chrysomya albiceps Wied. (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Interactions between Instars and Species under different abundances of food. Neotropical Entomology, 35(6), 775–780. https:// doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000600009Uribe-M, N., Wolff, M., & Carvalho, C. J. B. de. (2010). Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Muscidae (Diptera) in a tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(3), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085- 56262010000300018Whitworth, T. (2014). A revision of the Neotropical species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Zootaxa, 3810(1), 76. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.3810.1.1Whitworth, T. L., & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. (2019). A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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