Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye
In this work, the adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula biomass micro-gasification was studied using malachite green (MG) as the probe pollutant. For this purpose, the biomass type (wood pellets and chips) was selected to produce two kinds of biochar (BC). Afterwards, the eff...
- Autores:
-
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa
Gutiérrez Vanegas, Jonatan
Pérez Bayer, Juan Fernando
Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin
Melo Moreno, Ana María
Henao Toro, Hillary
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Tdea
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/2711
- Acceso en línea:
- https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2711
- Palabra clave:
- Circular economy
Economía circular
Water Pollution
Contaminación del Agua
Poluição da Água
Response surface methodology
Biochar
Dye adsorption
Biomass micro-gasification
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| title |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| spellingShingle |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye Circular economy Economía circular Water Pollution Contaminación del Agua Poluição da Água Response surface methodology Biochar Dye adsorption Biomass micro-gasification |
| title_short |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| title_full |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| title_fullStr |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| title_sort |
Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Gutiérrez Vanegas, Jonatan Pérez Bayer, Juan Fernando Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin Melo Moreno, Ana María Henao Toro, Hillary |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa Gutiérrez Vanegas, Jonatan Pérez Bayer, Juan Fernando Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenin Melo Moreno, Ana María Henao Toro, Hillary |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Circular economy Economía circular |
| topic |
Circular economy Economía circular Water Pollution Contaminación del Agua Poluição da Água Response surface methodology Biochar Dye adsorption Biomass micro-gasification |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Water Pollution Contaminación del Agua Poluição da Água |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Response surface methodology Biochar Dye adsorption Biomass micro-gasification |
| description |
In this work, the adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula biomass micro-gasification was studied using malachite green (MG) as the probe pollutant. For this purpose, the biomass type (wood pellets and chips) was selected to produce two kinds of biochar (BC). Afterwards, the effects of the adsor- bent dose (6, 9 and 12 g/L), the solution pH (4, 7 and 10) and the BC particle size distribution (150–300, 300–450 and 450–600 lm) for the maximization of the MG retention by the selected BC were evaluated using a faced-centered central composite design, as response surface methodology. The results indicated that the BC derived from wood chips (BWC) exhibited a higher MG dye adsorption capacity than the BC obtained from the wood pellets (BWP) gasification under the same operating conditions after having reached the equilibrium. A second-order regression model was built for describing the MG adsorption behaviour by BWC under the considered experimental domain. The model, which was validated, resulted to be statistically significant and suitable to represent the MG adsorption by the studied BC with a p- value of 0.00 and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 95.59%. Additionally, a three-dimensional response sur- face graph and a contour plot were utilized to analyze the interaction effects between the factors influ- encing the adsorption system and to discern the optimal operating conditions for the use of BWC. The maximal MG dye retention (99.70%) was found to be at an adsorbent dose, pH solution and a particle size distribution of 9.80 g/L, 10 and from 150 to 300 lm, respectively. Therefore, the BWC tested can be uti- lized for the treatment of water polluted with dyes, contributing to the establishment of a circular economy. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-29T01:26:14Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-29T01:26:14Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2711 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2213-1558 |
| url |
https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/2711 |
| identifier_str_mv |
2213-1558 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of King Saud University. Engineering sciences. |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abukhadra, M.R., Sayed, M.A., Rabie, A.M., Ahmed, S.A., 2019. Surface decoration of diatomite by Ni/NiO nanoparticles as hybrid composite of enhanced adsorption properties for malachite green dye and hexavalent chromium. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 577, 583–593. Bezerra, M.A., Ferreira, S.L.C., Novaes, C.G., Dos Santos, A.M.P., Valasques, G.S., da Mata Cerqueira, U.M.F., dos Santos Alves, J.P., 2019. Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in analytical chemistry–a review. Talanta 194, 941–959. Choudhary, M., Kumar, R., Neogi, S., 2020. Activated biochar derived from opuntia ficus-indica for the efficient adsorption of malachite green dye, Cuþ2 and Niþ2 from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials 392, 122441. Díez, H.E., Pérez, J.F., 2019. Effects of wood biomass type and airflow rate on fuel and soil amendment properties of biochar produced in a top-lit updraft gasifier. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 38, 13105. de Farias, C.E., da Gama, B.M.V., da Silva Gonçalves, A.H., Medeiros, J.A., de Souza Abud, A.K., 2020. Basic-dye adsorption in albedo residue: effect of pH, contact time, temperature, dye concentration, biomass dosage, rotation and ionic strength. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 32, 351–359 Gokulan, R., Ganesh Prabhu, G., Jegan, J., 2019. A novel sorbent ulva lactuca-derived biochar for remediation of remazol brilliant orange 3R in packed column. Water Environment Research 91, 642–649. González, W.A., Pérez, J.F., 2019. CFD analysis and characterization of biochar produced via fixed-bed gasification of fallen leaf pellets. Energy 186, 115904. Gutiérrez, J., Rubio-Clemente, A., Pérez, J.F., 2021. Effect of main solid biomass commodities of patula pine on biochar properties produced under gasification conditions. Industrial Crops and Products 160, 113123. Gwenzi, W., Chaukura, N., Noubactep, C., Mukome, F.N., 2017. Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision. Journal of Environmental Management 197, 732–749 Hamad, H.T., 2021. Removal of phenol and inorganic metals from wastewater using activated ceramic. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 33, 221–226. Han, Y., Cao, X., Ouyang, X., Sohi, S.P., Chen, J., 2016. Adsorption kinetics of magnetic biochar derived from peanut hull on removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution: effects of production conditions and particle size. Chemosphere 145, 336–341. Hubbard, W.G., 2015. Chapter 4 - wood bioenergy. In: Dahiya, A. (Ed.), Bioenergy. Academic Press, Boston, pp. 55–71. Jawad, A.H., Abdulhameed, A.S., 2020. Statistical modeling of methylene blue dye adsorption by high surface area mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo chip using KOH-assisted thermal activation. Energy, Ecology and Environment 5, 456–469. Jawad, A.H., Bardhan, M., Islam, M.A., Islam, M.A., Syed-Hassan, S.S.A., Surip, S., ALOthman, Z.A., Khan, M.R., 2020. Insights into the modeling, characterization and adsorption performance of mesoporous activated carbon from corn cob residue via microwave-assisted H3PO4 activation. Surfaces and Interfaces 21, 100688. Jawad, A.H., Ishak, M.M., Farhan, A.M., Ismail, K., 2017. Response surface methodology approach for optimization of color removal and COD reduction of methylene blue using microwave-induced NaOH activated carbon from biomass waste. Water Treatment 62, 208–220. Jindo, K., Mizumoto, H., Sawada, Y., Sanchez-Monedero, M.A., Sonoki, T., 2014. Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues. Biogeosciences 11, 6613–6621. Kayan, B., Kalderis, D., Kulaksız, E., Gözmen, B., 2017. Adsorption of malachite green on fe-modified biochar: influencing factors and process optimization. Desalination Water Treatment 74, 383–394. Kosek, K., Luczkiewicz, A., Fudala-Ksi _zek, S., Jankowska, K., Szopin ́ ska, M., Svahn, O., Tränckner, J., Kaiser, A., Langas, V., Björklund, E., 2020. Implementation of advanced micropollutants removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants (wwtps)-examples and challenges based on selected eu countries. Environmental Science & Policy 112, 213–226.. Kurniawan, S., Yuliwati, E., Ariyanto, E., Morsin, M., Sanudin, R., Nafisah, S., et al., in press. Greywater treatment technologies for aquaculture safety. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences.. Lenis, Y., Pérez, J., 2014. Gasification of sawdust and wood chips in a fixed bed under autothermal and stable conditions. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36, 2555–2565. Liu, G., Abukhadra, M.R., El-Sherbeeny, A.M., Mostafa, A.M., Elmeligy, M.A., 2020. Insight into the photocatalytic properties of diatomite@ Ni/NiO composite for effective photo-degradation of malachite green dye and photo-reduction of Cr (VI) under visible light. Journal of Environmental Management 254, 109799. Lou, K., Rajapaksha, A.U., Ok, Y.S., Chang, S.X., 2016. Pyrolysis temperature and steam activation effects on sorption of phosphate on pine sawdust biochars in aqueous solutions. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 28, 42–50. Manojkumar, N., Muthukumaran, C., Sharmila, G., in press. A comprehensive review on the application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production using different oil sources. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences.. Marzbali, M.H., Mir, A.A., Pazoki, M., Pourjamshidian, R., Tabeshnia, M., 2017. Removal of direct yellow 12 from aqueous solution by adsorption onto spirulina algae as a high-efficiency adsorbent. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5, 1946–1956. Medic, D., Darr, M., Potter, B., Shah, A., 2010. Effect of torrefaction process parameters on biomass feedstock upgrading. In: 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20-June 23, 2010. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, p. 1. Mohamed, A., Ghobara, M.M., Abdelmaksoud, M., Mohamed, G.G., 2019. A novel and highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye via surface modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers/biogenic silica composite nanofibers. Separation and Purification Technology 210, 935–942. Montgomery, D.C., 2020. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. John Wiley & Sons. Moosavi, S., Li, R.Y.M., Lai, C.W., Yusof, Y., Gan, S., Akbarzadeh, O., Chowhury, Z.Z., Yue, X.G., Johan, M.R., 2020. Methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation over synthesised Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 nano-catalyst: Degradation and reusability studies. Nanomaterials 10, 2360. Nidheesh, P., Gopinath, A., Ranjith, N., Akre, A.P., Sreedharan, V., Kumar, M.S., 2020. Potential role of biochar in advanced oxidation processes: a sustainable approach. Chemical Engineering Journal 126582 Pérez, J.F., Pelaez-Samaniego, M.R., Garcia-Perez, M., 2019. Torrefaction of fast- growing colombian wood species. Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, 1655– 1667. Protásio, T., Bufalino, L., Tonoli, G.H.D., Junior, M.G., Trugilho, P.F., Mendes, L.M., 2013. Brazilian lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production: characterization and comparison with fossil fuels. BioResources 8, 1166–1185. Qian, K., Kumar, A., Patil, K., Bellmer, D., Wang, D., Yuan, W., Huhnke, R.L., 2013. Effects of biomass feedstocks and gasification conditions on the physiochemical properties of char. Energies 6, 3972–3986. Rajabi, M., Mirza, B., Mahanpoor, K., Mirjalili, M., Najafi, F., Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Asif, M., Tyagi, I., et al., 2016. Adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution by carboxylate group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: determination of equilibrium and kinetics parameters. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 34, 130–138 Rubio-Clemente, A., Chica, E., Peñuela, G.A., 2020. Photolysis of a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels in natural water with disinfection purposes. Journal of Environmental Sciences 92, 79–94. Rubio-Clemente, A., Chica, E., Peñuela, G.A., 2021. Benzo[a]pyrene emerging micropollutant oxidation under the action of fenton reactants in real surface water: Process optimization and application. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 41, 95–108. Sewu, D.D., Boakye, P., Jung, H., Woo, S.H., 2017. Synergistic dye adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of spent mushroom substrate and saccharina japonica. Bioresource Technology 244, 1142–1149 Sharma, G., Bhogal, S., Gupta, V.K., Agarwal, S., Kumar, A., Pathania, D., Mola, G.T., Stadler, F.J., 2019. Algal biochar reinforced trimetallic nanocomposite as adsorptional/photocatalyst for remediation of malachite green from aqueous medium. Journal of Molecular Liquids 275, 499–509. Sizmur, T., Fresno, T., Akgül, G., Frost, H., Moreno-Jiménez, E., 2017. Biochar modification to enhance sorption of inorganics from water. Bioresource Technology 246, 34–47. Stammati, A., Nebbia, C., De Angelis, I., Albo, A.G., Carletti, M., Rebecchi, C., Zampaglioni, F., Dacasto, M., 2005. Effects of malachite green (MG) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), in two human cell lines. Toxicology in Vitro 19, 853–858. Surip, S., Abdulhameed, A.S., Garba, Z.N., Syed-Hassan, S.S.A., Ismail, K., Jawad, A.H., 2020. H2SO4-treated malaysian low rank coal for methylene blue dye decolourization and cod reduction: Optimization of adsorption and mechanism study. Surfaces and Interfaces 21, 100641 Tkaczyk, A., Mitrowska, K., Posyniak, A., 2020. Synthetic organic dyes as contaminants of the aquatic environment and their implications for ecosystems: a review. Science of The Total Environment 717, 137222. Tong, Y., McNamara, P.J., Mayer, B.K., 2019. Adsorption of organic micropollutants onto biochar: a review of relevant kinetics, mechanisms and equilibrium. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, 821–838. Van Soest, P.v., Robertson, J., Lewis, B., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.. Vyavahare, G.D., Gurav, R.G., Jadhav, P.P., Patil, R.R., Aware, C.B., Jadhav, J.P., 2018. Response surface methodology optimization for sorption of malachite green dye on sugarcane bagasse biochar and evaluating the residual dye for phyto and cytogenotoxicity. Chemosphere 194, 306–315. Wu, J., Yang, J., Feng, P., Huang, G., Xu, C., Lin, B., 2020. High-efficiency removal of dyes from wastewater by fully recycling litchi peel biochar. Chemosphere 246, 125734. Zhang, A., Li, X., Xing, J., Xu, G., 2020. Adsorption of potentially toxic elements in water by modified biochar: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 104196. |
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Rubio Clemente, Ainhoa8924cc9a-a600-460b-b180-3288281741e5Gutiérrez Vanegas, Jonatan914e2ab5-73f5-402a-a86b-5459e172dd82Pérez Bayer, Juan Fernando926864f0-4c5c-4da8-a7bd-0741cf304ca6Chica Arrieta, Edwin Lenina3a70685-f160-43b7-8bd2-46fcfa5c040eMelo Moreno, Ana María59d55cc3-0f5b-4123-a303-650e9ae32562Henao Toro, Hillaryed5ae1f8-8e04-43a2-a64f-eefe755dcae52023-03-29T01:26:14Z2023-03-29T01:26:14Z2021https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/handle/tdea/27112213-1558In this work, the adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula biomass micro-gasification was studied using malachite green (MG) as the probe pollutant. For this purpose, the biomass type (wood pellets and chips) was selected to produce two kinds of biochar (BC). Afterwards, the effects of the adsor- bent dose (6, 9 and 12 g/L), the solution pH (4, 7 and 10) and the BC particle size distribution (150–300, 300–450 and 450–600 lm) for the maximization of the MG retention by the selected BC were evaluated using a faced-centered central composite design, as response surface methodology. The results indicated that the BC derived from wood chips (BWC) exhibited a higher MG dye adsorption capacity than the BC obtained from the wood pellets (BWP) gasification under the same operating conditions after having reached the equilibrium. A second-order regression model was built for describing the MG adsorption behaviour by BWC under the considered experimental domain. The model, which was validated, resulted to be statistically significant and suitable to represent the MG adsorption by the studied BC with a p- value of 0.00 and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 95.59%. Additionally, a three-dimensional response sur- face graph and a contour plot were utilized to analyze the interaction effects between the factors influ- encing the adsorption system and to discern the optimal operating conditions for the use of BWC. The maximal MG dye retention (99.70%) was found to be at an adsorbent dose, pH solution and a particle size distribution of 9.80 g/L, 10 and from 150 to 300 lm, respectively. Therefore, the BWC tested can be uti- lized for the treatment of water polluted with dyes, contributing to the establishment of a circular economy.application/pdfengAmsterdam: ElsevierNetherlandshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018363921000982?via%3DihubAdsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dyeArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85111Journal of King Saud University. Engineering sciences.Abukhadra, M.R., Sayed, M.A., Rabie, A.M., Ahmed, S.A., 2019. Surface decoration of diatomite by Ni/NiO nanoparticles as hybrid composite of enhanced adsorption properties for malachite green dye and hexavalent chromium. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 577, 583–593.Bezerra, M.A., Ferreira, S.L.C., Novaes, C.G., Dos Santos, A.M.P., Valasques, G.S., da Mata Cerqueira, U.M.F., dos Santos Alves, J.P., 2019. Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in analytical chemistry–a review. Talanta 194, 941–959.Choudhary, M., Kumar, R., Neogi, S., 2020. Activated biochar derived from opuntia ficus-indica for the efficient adsorption of malachite green dye, Cuþ2 and Niþ2 from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials 392, 122441.Díez, H.E., Pérez, J.F., 2019. Effects of wood biomass type and airflow rate on fuel and soil amendment properties of biochar produced in a top-lit updraft gasifier. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 38, 13105.de Farias, C.E., da Gama, B.M.V., da Silva Gonçalves, A.H., Medeiros, J.A., de SouzaAbud, A.K., 2020. Basic-dye adsorption in albedo residue: effect of pH, contact time, temperature, dye concentration, biomass dosage, rotation and ionic strength. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 32, 351–359Gokulan, R., Ganesh Prabhu, G., Jegan, J., 2019. A novel sorbent ulva lactuca-derived biochar for remediation of remazol brilliant orange 3R in packed column. Water Environment Research 91, 642–649.González, W.A., Pérez, J.F., 2019. CFD analysis and characterization of biochar produced via fixed-bed gasification of fallen leaf pellets. Energy 186, 115904.Gutiérrez, J., Rubio-Clemente, A., Pérez, J.F., 2021. Effect of main solid biomass commodities of patula pine on biochar properties produced under gasification conditions. Industrial Crops and Products 160, 113123.Gwenzi, W., Chaukura, N., Noubactep, C., Mukome, F.N., 2017. Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision. Journal of Environmental Management 197, 732–749Hamad, H.T., 2021. Removal of phenol and inorganic metals from wastewater using activated ceramic. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences 33, 221–226.Han, Y., Cao, X., Ouyang, X., Sohi, S.P., Chen, J., 2016. Adsorption kinetics of magnetic biochar derived from peanut hull on removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution: effects of production conditions and particle size. Chemosphere 145, 336–341.Hubbard, W.G., 2015. Chapter 4 - wood bioenergy. In: Dahiya, A. (Ed.), Bioenergy. Academic Press, Boston, pp. 55–71.Jawad, A.H., Abdulhameed, A.S., 2020. Statistical modeling of methylene blue dye adsorption by high surface area mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo chip using KOH-assisted thermal activation. 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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 104196.Circular economyEconomía circularWater PollutionContaminación del AguaPoluição da ÁguaResponse surface methodologyBiocharDye adsorptionBiomass micro-gasificationORIGINALAdsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye.pdfAdsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye.pdfapplication/pdf8974305https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2711/1/Adsorption%20capacity%20of%20the%20biochar%20obtained%20from%20Pinus%20patula%20wood%20micro-gasification%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20polluted%20water%20containing%20malachite%20green%20dye.pdf2a33e53f7f8142b1545db20e8f6094cdMD51open accessTEXTAdsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green 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Thumbnailimage/jpeg16909https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2711/4/Adsorption%20capacity%20of%20the%20biochar%20obtained%20from%20Pinus%20patula%20wood%20micro-gasification%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20polluted%20water%20containing%20malachite%20green%20dye.pdf.jpg6dc14053c47e7d9f3caacbd76ddca601MD54open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://dspace.tdea.edu.co/bitstream/tdea/2711/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accesstdea/2711oai:dspace.tdea.edu.co:tdea/27112023-03-29 03:00:46.416An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open accessRepositorio Institucional Tecnologico de 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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