Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017
Introducción. La lesión renal aguda inducida por medios de contrastes (LRA-IC) o nefropatía inducida por medio de contraste (NIC), se define como: injuria renal aguda, desarrollada por la administración de un medio de contraste yodado, durante procedimientos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos. Se conside...
- Autores:
-
Bolívar Pertuz, Santander Antonio
Constante Vega, Rafael Andrés
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2017
- Institución:
- Universidad Libre
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- RIU - Repositorio Institucional UniLibre
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- spa
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- oai:repository.unilibre.edu.co:10901/10707
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10901/10707
- Palabra clave:
- Nefropatía
Pacientes hospitalizados
Medicina
Contrast media
Acute kidney injury
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Iodinated
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Medios de Contraste
Lesión Renal Aguda
Nefropatía
Lesión Renal Aguda
Medios de contraste
Lesión renal aguda
Nefropatía inducida por contraste
Yodado
Lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste
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- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| title |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| spellingShingle |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 Nefropatía Pacientes hospitalizados Medicina Contrast media Acute kidney injury Contrast-induced nephropathy Iodinated Contrast-induced acute kidney injury Medios de Contraste Lesión Renal Aguda Nefropatía Lesión Renal Aguda Medios de contraste Lesión renal aguda Nefropatía inducida por contraste Yodado Lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste |
| title_short |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| title_full |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| title_fullStr |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| title_sort |
Caracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017 |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bolívar Pertuz, Santander Antonio Constante Vega, Rafael Andrés |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Viñas, Alvaro Iglesias Acosta, Jesús E. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Bolívar Pertuz, Santander Antonio Constante Vega, Rafael Andrés |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Nefropatía Pacientes hospitalizados Medicina |
| topic |
Nefropatía Pacientes hospitalizados Medicina Contrast media Acute kidney injury Contrast-induced nephropathy Iodinated Contrast-induced acute kidney injury Medios de Contraste Lesión Renal Aguda Nefropatía Lesión Renal Aguda Medios de contraste Lesión renal aguda Nefropatía inducida por contraste Yodado Lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste |
| dc.subject.subjectenglish.eng.fl_str_mv |
Contrast media Acute kidney injury Contrast-induced nephropathy Iodinated Contrast-induced acute kidney injury |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medios de Contraste Lesión Renal Aguda Nefropatía Lesión Renal Aguda |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medios de contraste Lesión renal aguda Nefropatía inducida por contraste Yodado Lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste |
| description |
Introducción. La lesión renal aguda inducida por medios de contrastes (LRA-IC) o nefropatía inducida por medio de contraste (NIC), se define como: injuria renal aguda, desarrollada por la administración de un medio de contraste yodado, durante procedimientos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos. Se consideran factores de riesgos asociados al paciente: antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y diabetes mellitus, edad avanzada, insuficiencia cardiaca y medicación nefrotóxica. Factores asociados al medio de contraste, como osmolalidad y viscosidad. Objetivo. Caracterizar la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica de alta complejidad. Métodos. Investigación de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectiva; de pacientes con NIC hospitalizados en una institución de alta complejidad. Población conformada por todos los pacientes hospitalizados a los cuales se les practique estudios o procedimientos que requieran medios de contraste. Se aplicaran criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La información será obtenida de fuente secundaria, de los registros clínicos documentados en la historia clínica. Resultados. 955 pacientes con imágenes o procedimientos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos con medios de contraste yodados. Descartándose 421 pacientes por criterios de exclusión, resultando muestra de 534 pacientes, el 2.8% (15 pacientes) presentaron NIC. La frecuencia de los medios de contrastes en pacientes con NIC, 100% utilizó medios de contraste hiposmolales y <100 ml de cantidad. Los pacientes con ERC con NIC no presentan en su mayoría deterioro de su estadio renal. Conclusiones. La realización de estudios y procedimientos que requieren medios de contrastes puede generar una práctica diagnostica y/o terapéutica segura. La solución salina es la principal medida nefroprotectora en pacientes expuestos a medios de contraste, con bajas concentraciones de osmolalidad y bajas cantidades de medio de contrastes. |
| publishDate |
2017 |
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2017-10-25T20:56:01Z |
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2017-10-25T20:56:01Z |
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2017 |
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Tesis de Especialización |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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Buschur M. Aspelin P. Contrast Media History and Chemical Properties. Intervent Cardiol Clin 3 (2014) 333–339. Subramaniam R. Suarez-Cuervo C. Wilson R. Turban S. Zhang A. Sherrod Ch. Aboagye J. et al. Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies for ContrastInduced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164:406-416. Kang X. Hu D. Li Ch. Ai Z. Peng A. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency or diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail Early 2015 1-7. Zhang B. Liang L. Chen W. Liang Ch. Zhang Sh. The efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006989. Golshahi J. Nasri H. Gharipour M. Contrast-induced nephropathy: a literature review. J Nephropathol 2014; 3:51–6. Mohammed NMA. Mahfouz A. Achkar K. Rafie IM. Hajar R. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Heart Views 2013; 14:106–16. Hou SH. Bushinsky DA. Wish JB. Cohen JJ, Harrington JT. Hospital acquired renal insufficiency: A prospective study. Am J Med 1983; 74:243‑8. Cruz DN. Goh CY. Marenzi G. Ronco C. Marenzi G. Corradi V. Perazella MA. Renal Replacement Therapies for Prevention of Radiocontrast-induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review. Am J Med. 2012; 125: 66-78. Park SH. Jeong MH. Parkb IH. Soo Choi J. Rhee J. Soo Kim I. et al. Effects of combination therapy of statin and N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast–induced nephropathy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. International Journal of Cardiology 212(2016)100–106. Naruse H. Ishii J. Hashimoto T. Kawai T. Hattori K. Okumura M. et al. Preprocedural glucose levels and the risk for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing emergency coronary intervention. Circ J. 2012; 76(8):1848-55. Kooiman J. Le Haen PA. Gezgin G. P de Vries JP. Boersma D. Brulez HF. et al. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and clinical outcomes after intraarterial and intravenous contrast administration: risk comparison adjusted for patient characteristics by design. Am Heart J. 2013 May; 165(5):793-99, 799.e1. Silver SA. Shah PM. Chertow GM. Harel S. Wald R. Harel Z. Risk prediction models for contrast induced nephropathy: systematic review. BMJ 2015; 351:h4395. Levey AS. Coresh J. Greene T. Marsh J. Stevens LA. Kusek JW. et al. Expressing the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate with standardized serum creatinine values. Clin Chem. 2007 Apr; 53(4):766-72. Levey AS. Stevens LA. Schmid CH. Zhang YL. Castro AF 3rd. Feldman HI. et al. A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 5; 150(9): 604–612. Kellum JA. Aspelin P. Barsoum RS. Burdmann EA. Goldstein SL. Herzog Ch. et al. KDIGO Working Group. Section 4: Contrast-induced AKI. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2:69-88. Andreucci M. Faga T. Pisani A. Sabbatini M. Russo D. Michael A. Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy through a Knowledge of Its Pathogenesis and Risk Factors. Scientific World Journal Volumen 2014, Article ID 823169. Sartori P. Rizzo F. Taborda N. Anaya V. Caraballo A. Saleme C. et al. Medios de contraste en imágenes. Servicio de TC-RM, Hospital Español EDES, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vol 77. 2013 P: 49-62. Lozano Zalce H. Pérez-Mendizábal JA. González-Silva N. Ramírez-Arias JL. Abbud-Neme Y. Reacciones indeseables y manejo integral de los medios de contraste usados en imagenología. Acta Médica Grupo Ángeles Volumen 1, No. 3, julio-septiembre 2003. Rosado IA. Diaz D. Cabañas Moreno. Moya Quesada. García-Avilés. García Nuñez. et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Contrast Media. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016; Vol. 26(3): 144-155. Mita H. Tadokoro K. Akiyama K. Detection of IgE antibody to a radiocontrast medium. Allergy 1998; 53:1133-40. Thomsen H.S. Morcos SK. ESUR guidelines on contrast media. Abdom Imaging (2006) 31:131–140 McCullough PA. Adam A. Becker CR. DavidsonCh. Lameire N. Stacul F. Tumlin J. Epidemiology and prognostic implications of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 98:5K–13K. Subedi B. Siddique MA. Zaman SM. Hasan MI. Arzu J. Awal A. Fatema K. Contrast induced nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal impairment undergoing coronary angiogram and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Mymensingh Med J 2011; 20:270–4 Azzalini L. Spagnoli V. Ly HQ. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: From Pathophysiology to Preventive Strategies. Can J Cardiol. 2016; 32(2):247-55. Mitchell AM. Kline JA. Contrast-induced Nephropathy: Doubts and Certainties. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 19 (11): 1294-6. .Kline JA. Sinert R. Subramanian RA. Miller AC. Does the current definition of contrast induced acute kidney injury reflect a true clinical entity? Acad Emerg Med. 2012: 1261-67. Grigg E. Roentgenologic History. The trail of the invisible light from X-Strahlen to Radiobiology. JAMA, March 1966. Vol 195 No12. Spiegel PK. The first clinical X-ray made in America 100 years. Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164(1):241–3. Bergeron L. Tang M. Morris SF. A Review of Vascular Injection Techniques for the Study of Perforator Flaps. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. RECONSTRUCTIVE. May 2006. Volumen 117, Number 6. Fenwick EH. The Roentgen rays and the fluoroscope as a means of detecting small, deeply placed stones in the exposed kidney. Br Med J 1897; 2(1920):1075–7. Osborne ED. Sutherland CG. Scholl AJ Jr. Rowntree LG. Roentgenography of urinary tract during excretion of sodium iodide. JAMA83; 250(20):2848–53. Mueller R. Sanborn TA. The history interventional cardiology: Cardiac catheterization, angioplasty, related interventions. Am Heart J 95 129:146-72. Brooks B. Intra-arterial injection of sodium iodide. JAMA1924; 82(13):1016-9. Rapoport S. Bookstein JJ. Higgins CB. Carey PH. Sovak M. Lasser LC. Experience with metrizamide in patients with previous severe anaphylactoid reactions to ionic contrast agents. Radiology 1982; 143(2):321–5. Thomsen HS. Webb JA. Contrast Media Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines Third Edition. Medical Radiology Diagnostic Imaging. Springer 2014 Katayama H. Yamaguchi K. Kozuka T. Takashima T. Seez P. Matsuura K. Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media. A report from the Japanese Committee on the Safety of Contrast Media. Radiology 1990; 175:621-8 Runge VM. Safety of approved MR contrast media for intravenous injection. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12:205-13. Eknoyan G. Lameire N. KDIGO. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Vol 3. Issue 1. January 2013. .Martínez-Castelao A. Górriza JL. Bovera J. Segura de la Morena J. Cebollada J. Escalada J. et al. Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica. Semergen. 2014; 40(8):441---459. Gorostidi M. Santamaría R. Alcázar R. Fernández-Fresnedo G. Galcerán JM. Goicoechea M. et al. Documento de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología sobre las guías KDIGO para la evaluación y el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica. Nefrología 2014; 34(3):302-16. ames MT. Hemmelgarn BR. Tonelli M. Early recognition and prevention of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2010; 375:1296–1309. Tsai WCh. Wu HY. Peng YS. Ko MJ. Wu MS. Hung KY. et al. Risk Factors for Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis. Medicine Volume 95, Number 11, March 2016. Narres M. Claessen H. Droste S. Kvitkina T. Koch M. Kuss O. Icks A. The Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease in the Diabetic (Compared to the NonDiabetic) Population: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 2016 11(1): e0147329. Bell S. Fletcher EH. Brady I. Looker HC. Levin D. Joss N. et al. End-stage renal disease and survival in people with diabetes: a national database linkage study. QJM. 2015; 108(2):127–34. Lok CE. Oliver MJ. Rothwell DM. Hux JE. The growing volume of diabetesrelated dialysis: a population based study. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation. 2004; 19(12):3098–103. Andreucci M. Solomon R. Tasanarong A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. BioMed Research International, vol. 2014. Polena S. Yang S. Alam R. Gricius J. Gupta JR. Badalova N. et al. Nephropathy in critically Ill patients withot preexisting renal disease. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2005; 48: 134–135. Katzberg R. W. Newhouse JH. “Intravenous contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity: is the medical risk really as great as we have come to believe?” Radiology, vol.256, no.1, pp. 21–28, 2010. Azzalini L. Spagnoli V. Ly HQ. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: From Pathophysiology to Preventive Strategies. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 32 (2016) 247e255. Tumlin J. Stacul F. Adam A. Becker CR. Davidson Ch. Lameire N. McCullough PA. Pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:14K-20K Pisani A. Riccio E. Andreucci M. Faga T. Ashour M. Di Nuzzi A. et al. “Role of reactive oxygen species in pathogenesis of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy,” BioMed Research International, vol 2013, Article ID 868321,6 pages, 2013. Okamura DM. Pennathur S. Pasichnyk K. Lopez-Guisa JM. Collins S. Febbraio M. et al. “CD36 regulates oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic CKD,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. vol.20, no.3, pp.495–505, 2009. Mehran R. Nikolsky E. “Contrast-induced nephropathy: definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk,” Kidney International (2006) 69, S11–S15. Gleeson TG. Bulugahapitiya S. “Contrast-induced nephropathy,” American Journal of Roentgenology. Vol.183, no.6, pp.1673–1689, 2004. Cigarroa RG. Lange RA. Williams RH. Hillis LD. “Dosing of contrast material to prevent contrast nephropathyin patients with renal disease,” Am J Med. 1989 Jun; 86(6 Pt 1):649-52 Goldfarb S. Spinler S. Berns JS. Rudnick MR. Low-osmolality contrast media and the risk of contrast-associated nephrotoxicity. Invest Radiol. 1993 Nov; 28 Suppl 5:S7-10; discussion S11-2. Bartorelli AL. Marenzi G. Contrast-induced nephropathy. J Interv Cardiol 2008; 21:74-85. Dong M. Jiao Z. Liu T. Guo F. Li G. “Effect of administration route on the renal safety of contrast agents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”. J Nephrol. 2012 May-Jun;25(3):290-301. Brar SS. Hiremath S. Dangas G. Mehran R, Brar SK, Leon MB. Sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast induced-acute kidney injury: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Oct; 4(10):1584-92 Merten GJ. Burgess WP. Gray LV. Holleman JH. Roush TS. Kowalchuk GJ. et al. “Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial,” JAMA. 2004 May 19; 291(19):2328-34. Masuda M. Yamada T. Mine T. Morita T. Tamaki S. Tsukamoto Y. et al. Comparison of usefulness of sodium bicarbonate versus sodium chloride to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing an emergent coronary procedure. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Sep 1; 100(5):781-6. Epub 2007. |
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Viñas, AlvaroIglesias Acosta, Jesús E.Bolívar Pertuz, Santander AntonioConstante Vega, Rafael AndrésBarranquilla2017-10-25T20:56:01Z2017-10-25T20:56:01Z2017https://hdl.handle.net/10901/10707instname:Universidad Librereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad LibreIntroducción. La lesión renal aguda inducida por medios de contrastes (LRA-IC) o nefropatía inducida por medio de contraste (NIC), se define como: injuria renal aguda, desarrollada por la administración de un medio de contraste yodado, durante procedimientos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos. Se consideran factores de riesgos asociados al paciente: antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y diabetes mellitus, edad avanzada, insuficiencia cardiaca y medicación nefrotóxica. Factores asociados al medio de contraste, como osmolalidad y viscosidad. Objetivo. Caracterizar la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica de alta complejidad. Métodos. Investigación de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectiva; de pacientes con NIC hospitalizados en una institución de alta complejidad. Población conformada por todos los pacientes hospitalizados a los cuales se les practique estudios o procedimientos que requieran medios de contraste. Se aplicaran criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La información será obtenida de fuente secundaria, de los registros clínicos documentados en la historia clínica. Resultados. 955 pacientes con imágenes o procedimientos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos con medios de contraste yodados. Descartándose 421 pacientes por criterios de exclusión, resultando muestra de 534 pacientes, el 2.8% (15 pacientes) presentaron NIC. La frecuencia de los medios de contrastes en pacientes con NIC, 100% utilizó medios de contraste hiposmolales y <100 ml de cantidad. Los pacientes con ERC con NIC no presentan en su mayoría deterioro de su estadio renal. Conclusiones. La realización de estudios y procedimientos que requieren medios de contrastes puede generar una práctica diagnostica y/o terapéutica segura. La solución salina es la principal medida nefroprotectora en pacientes expuestos a medios de contraste, con bajas concentraciones de osmolalidad y bajas cantidades de medio de contrastes.Introduction. Contrast-induced acute renal injury (LRA-IC) or contrast-induced nephropathy (NIC) is defined as: acute renal injury, developed by the administration of an iodinated contrast medium, during diagnostic procedures and / or Therapeutic. Risk factors associated with the patient are considered: history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus, advanced age, heart failure and nephrotoxic medication. Factors associated with the contrast medium, such as osmolality and viscosity. Objective. To characterize contrast-mediated nephropathy in hospitalized patients in the clinic of high complexity. Methods. Research of quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective type; Of patients with CIN hospitalized in an institution of high complexity. Population conformed by all the hospitalized patients to whom studies or procedures are required that require means of contrast. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will apply. The information will be obtained from a secondary source, from the clinical records documented in the medical record. Results. 955 patients with imaging or diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures with iodinated contrast media. Discounting 421 patients by exclusion criteria, resulting in a sample of 534 patients, 2.8% (15 patients) presented CIN. The frequency of contrast media in patients with CIN, 100% used hyposmolic contrast media and <100 ml of amount. Patients with CKD with CIN do not present in their majority renal deterioration of their stage. Conclusions. The carrying out of studies and procedures that require means of contrasts can generate a safe diagnostic and / or therapeutic practice. Saline solution is the main nephroprotective measure in patients exposed to contrast media, with low concentrations of osmolality and low amounts of contrast media.PDFapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2NefropatíaPacientes hospitalizadosMedicinaContrast mediaAcute kidney injuryContrast-induced nephropathyIodinatedContrast-induced acute kidney injuryMedios de ContrasteLesión Renal AgudaNefropatíaLesión Renal AgudaMedios de contrasteLesión renal agudaNefropatía inducida por contrasteYodadoLesión renal aguda inducida por contrasteCaracterización de la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en pacientes hospitalizados en la clínica general del norte de Barranquilla, durante el periodo de enero a junio de 2017Tesis de Especializacióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisBuschur M. Aspelin P. Contrast Media History and Chemical Properties. Intervent Cardiol Clin 3 (2014) 333–339.Subramaniam R. Suarez-Cuervo C. Wilson R. Turban S. Zhang A. Sherrod Ch. Aboagye J. et al. Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies for ContrastInduced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164:406-416.Kang X. Hu D. Li Ch. Ai Z. Peng A. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency or diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail Early 2015 1-7.Zhang B. Liang L. Chen W. Liang Ch. Zhang Sh. The efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006989.Golshahi J. Nasri H. Gharipour M. Contrast-induced nephropathy: a literature review. J Nephropathol 2014; 3:51–6.Mohammed NMA. Mahfouz A. Achkar K. Rafie IM. Hajar R. Contrast-induced nephropathy. 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