Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022
Introducción: El TNBC se caracteriza por la ausencia de receptores hormonales estrogénicos y progesterona; así como, del receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2). Los TNBC se asocian con altas tasas de recurrencia, metástasis rápidas, supervivencia deficiente y mayor mortalidad...
- Autores:
-
Mestre Sequeda, Epitafio Rafael
Morales Díaz, Esteban Andrés
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Libre
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- RIU - Repositorio Institucional UniLibre
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- oai:repository.unilibre.edu.co:10901/28475
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10901/28475
- Palabra clave:
- Cáncer de mama triple negativo
Cáncer de mama
Factores de riesgo
Epidemiología
Triple negative breast cancer
Breast cancer
Risk factors
Epidemiology
Cáncer
Neoplasias de la mama - Epidemiología
Factores de riesgo
- Rights
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
title |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
spellingShingle |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 Cáncer de mama triple negativo Cáncer de mama Factores de riesgo Epidemiología Triple negative breast cancer Breast cancer Risk factors Epidemiology Cáncer Neoplasias de la mama - Epidemiología Factores de riesgo |
title_short |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
title_full |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
title_fullStr |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
title_sort |
Características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022 |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Mestre Sequeda, Epitafio Rafael Morales Díaz, Esteban Andrés |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Hernández Lastra, Ángel Varela Prieto, Lourdes |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Mestre Sequeda, Epitafio Rafael Morales Díaz, Esteban Andrés |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cáncer de mama triple negativo Cáncer de mama Factores de riesgo Epidemiología |
topic |
Cáncer de mama triple negativo Cáncer de mama Factores de riesgo Epidemiología Triple negative breast cancer Breast cancer Risk factors Epidemiology Cáncer Neoplasias de la mama - Epidemiología Factores de riesgo |
dc.subject.subjectenglish.spa.fl_str_mv |
Triple negative breast cancer Breast cancer Risk factors Epidemiology |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cáncer Neoplasias de la mama - Epidemiología Factores de riesgo |
description |
Introducción: El TNBC se caracteriza por la ausencia de receptores hormonales estrogénicos y progesterona; así como, del receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2). Los TNBC se asocian con altas tasas de recurrencia, metástasis rápidas, supervivencia deficiente y mayor mortalidad en comparación con otros subtipos histológicos de cáncer de mama. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer las características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo, en pacientes atendidas en la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. en el periodo de 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo transversal observacional, donde se evaluó la frecuencia del cáncer de mama subtipo triple negativo, Asimismo, las variables clínicas. En mujeres atendidas en la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. en Barranquilla, Colombia en el periodo 2021-2022. Resultados: Se estudiaron 350 pacientes, de los cuales 61 pacientes (17.4%) presentaban el inmunofenotipo triple negativo. La edad promedio fue de 54,5 años, 74% eran multíparas, 85% brindaron lactancia materna, 70% eran postmenopáusicas y el estadio clínico más frecuente fue el IIIB. Conclusión: En el presente estudio el 57.35% de la población exhibió un estadio clínico avanzado en el momento del diagnóstico; asimismo, las características clínicas son congruentes con los reportes en la literatura. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-21T19:33:16Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-21T19:33:16Z |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis de Especialización |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10901/28475 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10901/28475 |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Siegel R, Miller K, Fuchs H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022; 72(1):7-33 Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC). Anuario estadístico 2021. Bogotá, D. C.: INC; 2022. Disponible en: www.cancer.gov.co Almansour N. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence. Front Mol Biosci. 2022; 9:836417 Yin L, Duan J, Bian X, Yu S. Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress. Breast Cancer Res. 2020; 22(1):61 Chang J, Ding Y, Tahir M, Shen Y, Gao J, Chen L. A deep learning model based on sparse auto-encoder for prioritizing cancer-related genes and drug target combinations. Carcinogenesis. 2019; 40(5): 624-632 Howard F, Olopade O. Epidemiology of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancer J. 2021; 27(1): 8-16 Ghoncheh M, Pournamdar Z, Salehiniya H. Incidence and Mortality and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the World. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(S3): 43-6 Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rubio I, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and followup. Ann Oncology. 2019;30 (8): 1194–220 Chaudhary L, Wilkinson K, Kong A. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Who Should Receive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy? Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018; 27(1):141–53 Díaz S, Wiesner C, Perry F, Poveda C, Carvajal A, Bermúdez J, et al. Educación en Colombia para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama. Rev Colomb Cir. 2019; 34, 329-337 The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. 2012; Nature 490, 61–70 Bianchini G, Balko J, Mayer I, Sanders I, Gianni L. Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016; 13, 674–690 Fragomeni SM, Sciallis A, Jeruss JS. Molecular Subtypes and Local-Regional Control of Breast Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018;27(1):95–120 Reis-Filho J, Pusztai L. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: Classification, prognostication, and prediction. Lancet. 2011;378(9805):1812–1823 Gradishar W, Robert C, Anderson B, Balassanian R, Blair S, Burstein H, et al. NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2016 Breast Cancer Panel Members. Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2016 Subik K, Lee J, Baxter L, Strzepek T, Costello D, Crowley P, et al. The Expression Patterns of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, Ki-67 and AR by Immunohistochemical Analysis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2010 May 20;4:35-41 Prat A, Cheang M, Martín M, Parker J, Carrasco E, Caballero R, et al. Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor-positive tumor cells within immunohistochemically defined luminal A breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(2):203–209 Vuong D, Simpson P, Green B, Cummings M, Lakhani S. Molecular classification of breast cancer. Virchows Arch. 2014; 465(1):1–14 Fountzilas G, Dafni U, Bobos M, Batistatou A, Kotoula V, Trihia H, et al. Differential response of immunohistochemically defined breast cancer subtypes to anthracyclinebased adjuvant chemotherapy with or without paclitaxel. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e37946 Joyce D, Murphy D, Lowery A, Curran C, Barry K, Malone C, et al. Prospective comparison of outcome after treatment for triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Surgeon. 2017; 15(5): 272–7 Lehmann B, Bauer J, Chen X, Sanders M, Chakravarthy A, Shyr Y, et al. Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted thera- pies. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121(7): 2750–67 Kim S, Moon B, Lim W, Park S, Cho M, Sung S. Feasibility of Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemical Surrogate Markers. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018; 18(5): e1123-e1132 Caparica R, Lambertini M, de Azambuja E. How I treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. ESMO Open. 2019; 4: e000504-e Mahon S. Response to “Biologic, demographic, and social factors affecting triple negative breast cancer outcomes.” Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2015; 19(3):244 Picerno T, Damewood A, Sims-Mourtada J. Obesity and race as risk factors in triplenegative breast cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 2016; 141(1): 190-190 Awan S, Malozzi C, Omar B, Poosarla T. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factor control in triple negative breast cancer patients. Jacc: CardioOncology. 2022; 4(1): S13-S13 Samuel S, Varghese E, Varghese S, Büsselberg D. Challenges and perspectives in the treatment of diabetes associated breast cancer. Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2018; 70, 98-111 Turner N, Reis-Filho J. Basal-like breast cancer and the BRCA1 phenotype. Oncogene. 2006. 25; 5846–5853 Jung J, Kang E, Gwak J, Seo A, Park S, Lee A, et al. Association between basal-like phenotype and BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Korean breast cancer patients. Curr Oncol. 2016; 23(5):298-303 Woodward W. Inflammatory breast cancer: unique biological and therapeutic considerations. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16: e568-e576 Davidson N. Cáncer de mama y trastornos benignos de la mama. Goldman-Cecil. Tratado de medicina interna, 2021. 188, 1321-1329 Sun L, Wu A, Bean G, Hagemann I, Lin Ch. Molecular Testing in Breast Cancer. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 2021; 23(11): 1422-1432 Franklin W, Aisner D, Davies K, Crooks K, Publicar M, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B. Abeloff. Oncología clínica, Sexta edición. 2020; 15, 225-253 Jitariu A, Cîmpean A, Ribatti D, Raica M. Triple negative breast cancer: the kiss of death. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(28): 46652-46662 Medina M, Oza G, Sharma A, Arriaga L, Hernández J, Rotello V, et al. Triple negative breast cancer: A review of conventional and advanced therapeutic strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(6):1–32 Berry D, Cirrincione C, Henderson I, Citron M, Budman D, Goldstein L, et al. Estrogen-receptor status and outcomes of modern chemotherapy for patients with node-positive breast cancer. JAMA. 2006; 295(14):1658-67 Jones S, Savin M, Holmes F, O'Shaughnessy J, Blum J, Vukelja S, et al. Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24(34): 5381-7 Sikov W, Berry D, Perou C, Singh B, Cirrincione C, Tolaney S, et el. Impact of the addition of carboplatin and/or bevacizumab to neoadjuvant once-per-week paclitaxel followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on pathologic complete response rates in stage II to III triple-negative breast cancer: CALGB 40603 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33(1): 13-21 Vaz-Luis I, Ottesen R, Hughes M, Mamet R, Burstein H, Edge S, et al. Outcomes by tumor subtype and treatment pattern in women with small, node-negative breast cancer: a multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32(20):2142-50 Tutt A, Garber J, Kaufman B, Viale G, Fumagalli D, Rastogi P, et al. OlympiA Clinical Trial Steering Committee and Investigators. Adjuvant Olaparib for Patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-Mutated Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384(25): 2394- 2405 Tung N, Zakalik D, Somerfield M. Hereditary Breast Cancer Guideline Expert Panel. Adjuvant PARP Inhibitors in Patients With High-Risk Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA Mutations: ASCO Hereditary Breast Cancer Guideline Rapid Recommendation Update. J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39(26): 2959-2961 Abdel-Rahman O. Validation of the 8th AJCC prognostic staging system for breast cancer in a population-based setting. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 168: pp. 269- 275 Ibis K, Ozkurt S, Kucucuk S, Yavuz E, Saip P. Comparison of pathological prognostic stage and anatomic stage groups according to the updated version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) breast cancer staging 8th edition. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24: pp. 3637-3643 Liedtke C, Mazouni C, Hess K, André F, Tordai A, Mejia J, et al. Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26(8):1275-81 Smid M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sieuwerts AM, Yu J, Klijn JG, et al. Subtypes of breast cancer show preferential site of relapse. Cancer Res. 2008; 68(9): 3108-14 Lin N, Vanderplas A, Hughes ME, Theriault RL, Edge SB, Wong YN, et al. Clinicopathologic features, patterns of recurrence, and survival among women with triple-negative breast cancer in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer. 2012; 118(22): 5463-72 Mahtani R, Kittaneh M, Kalinsky K, Mamounas E, Badve S, Vogel C, et al. Advances in therapeutic approaches for triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2021;21(5):383–90 Sung H, Wiese D, Jatoi I, Jemal A. State variation in racial and ethnic disparities in incidence of triple-negative breast cancer among US women. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9(5):700–4 Downs-Canner S, Mittendorf EA. Selecting triple negative breast cancer patients for immunotherapy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2023; 32-4 Yoon J, Knapp G, Quan ML, Bouchard-Fortier A. Cancer-specific outcomes in the elderly with triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review. Curr Oncol. 2021;28(4):2337–45 Zouré AA, Bambara AH, Sawadogo AY, Ouattara AK, Ouédraogo M, Traoré SS, et al. Multiparity and breast cancer risk factor among women in Burkina Faso. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(12):5095–9 Pavese F, Capoluongo ED, Muratore M, Minucci A, Santonocito C, Fuso P, et al. BRCA mutation status in triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A pivotal role for treatment decision-making. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(19):4571 Zhu X, Chen L, Huang B, Wang Y, Ji L, Wu J, et al. The prognostic and predictive potential of Ki-67 in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):225 Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M, Mehta K, Costantino JP, Wolmark N, et al. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–72 Brawley OW, Lansey DG. Disparities in breast cancer outcomes and how to resolve them. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2023;37(1):1–15 |
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Hernández Lastra, ÁngelVarela Prieto, LourdesMestre Sequeda, Epitafio RafaelMorales Díaz, Esteban AndrésBarranquilla2024-02-21T19:33:16Z2024-02-21T19:33:16Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/10901/28475Introducción: El TNBC se caracteriza por la ausencia de receptores hormonales estrogénicos y progesterona; así como, del receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2). Los TNBC se asocian con altas tasas de recurrencia, metástasis rápidas, supervivencia deficiente y mayor mortalidad en comparación con otros subtipos histológicos de cáncer de mama. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer las características clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo, en pacientes atendidas en la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. en el periodo de 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo transversal observacional, donde se evaluó la frecuencia del cáncer de mama subtipo triple negativo, Asimismo, las variables clínicas. En mujeres atendidas en la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. en Barranquilla, Colombia en el periodo 2021-2022. Resultados: Se estudiaron 350 pacientes, de los cuales 61 pacientes (17.4%) presentaban el inmunofenotipo triple negativo. La edad promedio fue de 54,5 años, 74% eran multíparas, 85% brindaron lactancia materna, 70% eran postmenopáusicas y el estadio clínico más frecuente fue el IIIB. Conclusión: En el presente estudio el 57.35% de la población exhibió un estadio clínico avanzado en el momento del diagnóstico; asimismo, las características clínicas son congruentes con los reportes en la literatura.Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla -- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud -- Especialización en Medicina InternaIntroduction: TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors; as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is associated with an increased rate of recurrence, distant metastasis, poor survival, and higher mortality compared with other pathological subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of the study was to establish the clinical characteristics of triple negative breast cancer in patients treated at the Organization Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. in the period of 2021-2022. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional observational study, where the frequency of triple negative subtype breast cancer was evaluated, as well as clinical variables and gynecologic and obstetric history, women treated at the Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir S.A.S. in Barranquilla, Colombia in the period 2021-2022. Results: 350 patients were studied, of which 61 patients (17.4%) presented the triple negative immunophenotype. The average age was 54 years, 74% were multiparous, 85% breastfed, 70% were menopausal, the most frequent clinical stage was IIIB. Conclusion: In this study, 57.35% of the population exhibited an advanced clinical stage at the time of diagnosis; Likewise, the clinical characteristics are consistent with the reports in the literature.PDFCáncer de mama triple negativoCáncer de mamaFactores de riesgoEpidemiologíaTriple negative breast cancerBreast cancerRisk factorsEpidemiologyCáncerNeoplasias de la mama - EpidemiologíaFactores de riesgoCaracterísticas clínicas del cáncer de mama triple negativo en una institución de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla 2021-2022Tesis de Especializacióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fSiegel R, Miller K, Fuchs H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022; 72(1):7-33Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC). Anuario estadístico 2021. Bogotá, D. C.: INC; 2022. Disponible en: www.cancer.gov.coAlmansour N. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence. Front Mol Biosci. 2022; 9:836417Yin L, Duan J, Bian X, Yu S. Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress. Breast Cancer Res. 2020; 22(1):61Chang J, Ding Y, Tahir M, Shen Y, Gao J, Chen L. A deep learning model based on sparse auto-encoder for prioritizing cancer-related genes and drug target combinations. Carcinogenesis. 2019; 40(5): 624-632Howard F, Olopade O. Epidemiology of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancer J. 2021; 27(1): 8-16Ghoncheh M, Pournamdar Z, Salehiniya H. Incidence and Mortality and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the World. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(S3): 43-6Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rubio I, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and followup. Ann Oncology. 2019;30 (8): 1194–220Chaudhary L, Wilkinson K, Kong A. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Who Should Receive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy? Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018; 27(1):141–53Díaz S, Wiesner C, Perry F, Poveda C, Carvajal A, Bermúdez J, et al. Educación en Colombia para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama. Rev Colomb Cir. 2019; 34, 329-337The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. 2012; Nature 490, 61–70Bianchini G, Balko J, Mayer I, Sanders I, Gianni L. Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016; 13, 674–690Fragomeni SM, Sciallis A, Jeruss JS. Molecular Subtypes and Local-Regional Control of Breast Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018;27(1):95–120Reis-Filho J, Pusztai L. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: Classification, prognostication, and prediction. Lancet. 2011;378(9805):1812–1823Gradishar W, Robert C, Anderson B, Balassanian R, Blair S, Burstein H, et al. NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2016 Breast Cancer Panel Members. Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2016Subik K, Lee J, Baxter L, Strzepek T, Costello D, Crowley P, et al. The Expression Patterns of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, Ki-67 and AR by Immunohistochemical Analysis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2010 May 20;4:35-41Prat A, Cheang M, Martín M, Parker J, Carrasco E, Caballero R, et al. Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor-positive tumor cells within immunohistochemically defined luminal A breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(2):203–209Vuong D, Simpson P, Green B, Cummings M, Lakhani S. Molecular classification of breast cancer. Virchows Arch. 2014; 465(1):1–14Fountzilas G, Dafni U, Bobos M, Batistatou A, Kotoula V, Trihia H, et al. Differential response of immunohistochemically defined breast cancer subtypes to anthracyclinebased adjuvant chemotherapy with or without paclitaxel. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e37946Joyce D, Murphy D, Lowery A, Curran C, Barry K, Malone C, et al. Prospective comparison of outcome after treatment for triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Surgeon. 2017; 15(5): 272–7Lehmann B, Bauer J, Chen X, Sanders M, Chakravarthy A, Shyr Y, et al. Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted thera- pies. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121(7): 2750–67Kim S, Moon B, Lim W, Park S, Cho M, Sung S. Feasibility of Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemical Surrogate Markers. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018; 18(5): e1123-e1132Caparica R, Lambertini M, de Azambuja E. How I treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. ESMO Open. 2019; 4: e000504-eMahon S. Response to “Biologic, demographic, and social factors affecting triple negative breast cancer outcomes.” Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2015; 19(3):244Picerno T, Damewood A, Sims-Mourtada J. Obesity and race as risk factors in triplenegative breast cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 2016; 141(1): 190-190Awan S, Malozzi C, Omar B, Poosarla T. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factor control in triple negative breast cancer patients. Jacc: CardioOncology. 2022; 4(1): S13-S13Samuel S, Varghese E, Varghese S, Büsselberg D. Challenges and perspectives in the treatment of diabetes associated breast cancer. Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2018; 70, 98-111Turner N, Reis-Filho J. Basal-like breast cancer and the BRCA1 phenotype. Oncogene. 2006. 25; 5846–5853Jung J, Kang E, Gwak J, Seo A, Park S, Lee A, et al. Association between basal-like phenotype and BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Korean breast cancer patients. Curr Oncol. 2016; 23(5):298-303Woodward W. 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