2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM
Cold cutting processes are characterized to perform the kinetic energy needed to cut hard materials with little mechanical effort by means of the ultra-high flow pressure pumps, which produce water jets with a flow pressure value of around 90 ksi. These manufacturing processes may be studied conside...
- Autores:
-
Florez, Eder
Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero
Espinel Blanco, Edwin
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6654
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6654
https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332
- Palabra clave:
- CFD
Flow Simulation
Turbulence Modeling
Two-Phase
Water Jet Cutting
- Rights
- restrictedAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| title |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| spellingShingle |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM CFD Flow Simulation Turbulence Modeling Two-Phase Water Jet Cutting |
| title_short |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| title_full |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| title_fullStr |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| title_full_unstemmed |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| title_sort |
2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Florez, Eder Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero Espinel Blanco, Edwin |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Florez, Eder Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero Espinel Blanco, Edwin |
| dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv |
International Review on Modelling and Simulations |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
CFD Flow Simulation Turbulence Modeling Two-Phase Water Jet Cutting |
| topic |
CFD Flow Simulation Turbulence Modeling Two-Phase Water Jet Cutting |
| description |
Cold cutting processes are characterized to perform the kinetic energy needed to cut hard materials with little mechanical effort by means of the ultra-high flow pressure pumps, which produce water jets with a flow pressure value of around 90 ksi. These manufacturing processes may be studied considering the fluid mechanics' principles that describe the transport phenomena for inviscid, continuous, and incompressible laminar flows in order to obtain theoretical results approximated to the process conditions. In this sense, the numerical modeling techniques applied in the analysis of water jet cutting processes define an efficient solution of the processes due to the physical analysis of the partial differential equations, which quantify the abrasive flow particles into the system. Taking into account the above, this research proposes a numerical analysis of the physical phenomena through the two-phase flow simulation in steady state with OpenFOAM. Abrasive and liquid phases are quantified to study the turbulent values, which describe the water jet behavior under different working conditions. A 2D model has been computed and discretized, considering the nozzle features in order to visualize and predict the abrasive mixture and flow rejected by using a low computational effort. Therefore, this numerical approach has been validated with a mesh independency analysis developed to verify the relation between the numerical data and the finite number of nodes computed in order to discretize a computational domain and to solve analytically the system proposed until reaching a high approximation between the model and the experimental values obtained during the cutting process by means of abrasive flows. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
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2022-12-06T21:06:20Z |
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2022-12-06T21:06:20Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6654 |
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https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332 |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6654 https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332 |
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eng |
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eng |
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International Review on Modelling and Simulations Volume 14, No. 4, (2021) |
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Vol. 14 No. 4 (2021) |
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310 |
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No. 4 |
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301 |
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Vol. 14 |
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Espinel, E., Rojas, J., Florez, E., 2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM®, (2021) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 14 (4), pp. 301-310.doi:https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332 |
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International Review on Modelling and Simulations |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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05 Páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Italia |
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https://www.praiseworthyprize.org/jsm/index.php?journal=iremos&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=24896 |
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Florez, Ederab89489b9ee8e021693a0cc109902957600Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero96cb752d974d2a7f4f66513af6ebbf8d600Espinel Blanco, Edwinddf5c56fad665148eaacb953bbe77785600International Review on Modelling and Simulations2022-12-06T21:06:20Z2022-12-06T21:06:20Z2021https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6654https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332Cold cutting processes are characterized to perform the kinetic energy needed to cut hard materials with little mechanical effort by means of the ultra-high flow pressure pumps, which produce water jets with a flow pressure value of around 90 ksi. These manufacturing processes may be studied considering the fluid mechanics' principles that describe the transport phenomena for inviscid, continuous, and incompressible laminar flows in order to obtain theoretical results approximated to the process conditions. In this sense, the numerical modeling techniques applied in the analysis of water jet cutting processes define an efficient solution of the processes due to the physical analysis of the partial differential equations, which quantify the abrasive flow particles into the system. Taking into account the above, this research proposes a numerical analysis of the physical phenomena through the two-phase flow simulation in steady state with OpenFOAM. Abrasive and liquid phases are quantified to study the turbulent values, which describe the water jet behavior under different working conditions. A 2D model has been computed and discretized, considering the nozzle features in order to visualize and predict the abrasive mixture and flow rejected by using a low computational effort. Therefore, this numerical approach has been validated with a mesh independency analysis developed to verify the relation between the numerical data and the finite number of nodes computed in order to discretize a computational domain and to solve analytically the system proposed until reaching a high approximation between the model and the experimental values obtained during the cutting process by means of abrasive flows.05 Páginasapplication/pdfengInternational Review on Modelling and Simulations Volume 14, No. 4, (2021)Vol. 14 No. 4 (2021)310No. 4301Vol. 14Espinel, E., Rojas, J., Florez, E., 2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM®, (2021) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 14 (4), pp. 301-310.doi:https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i4.19332International Review on Modelling and Simulationshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16echttps://www.praiseworthyprize.org/jsm/index.php?journal=iremos&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=248962D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAMArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85ItaliaCFDFlow SimulationTurbulence ModelingTwo-PhaseWater Jet CuttingObregon, L., Valencia, G., Duarte Forero, J., Efficiency Optimization Study of a Centrifugal Pump for Industrial Dredging Applications Using CFD, (2019) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 12 (4), pp. 245-252.Orozco, T., Herrera, M., Duarte Forero, J., CFD Study of Heat Exchangers Applied in Brayton Cycles: a Case Study in Supercritical Condition Using Carbon Dioxide as Working Fluid, (2019) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 12 (2), pp. 72-82.R. Tripathi, S. Hloch, S. Chattopadhyaya, D. Klichová, J. Ščučka, and A. K. Das, Application of the pulsating and continous water jet for granite erosion, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 126, p. 104209, 2020.U. Ashok Kumar, S. Mehtab Alam, and P. Laxminarayana, Influence of abrasive water jet cutting on glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020.A. Polyakov, A. Zhabin, E. Averin, and A. Polyakov, Generalized equation for calculating rock cutting efficiency by pulsed water jets, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 867-873, 2019.Y. Natarajan, P. K. Murugesan, M. Mohan, and S. A. Liyakath Ali Khan, Abrasive Water Jet Machining process: A state of art of review, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 49, pp. 271-322, 2020.Orozco, W., Acuña, N., Duarte Forero, J., Characterization of Emissions in Low Displacement Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel and Energy Recovery System, (2019) International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), 13 (7), pp. 420-426.R. Portaro, J. Sadek, and H. D. Ng, On the application of gas detonation-driven water jet for material surface treatment process, Manufacturing Letters, vol. 21, pp. 70-74, 2019.Duarte Forero, J., Lopez Taborda, L., Bula Silvera, A., Characterization of the Performance of Centrifugal Pumps Powered by a Diesel Engine in Dredging Applications, (2019) International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), 13 (1), pp. 11-20.F. Consuegra, A. Bula, W. Guillín, J. Sánchez, and J. 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García-Ruiz et al., Effect of nozzle spacing in the formation of primary and secondary deposits in multi-nozzle inertial impactors part II: Numerical study., Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 136, pp. 106-127, 2019.P. Dong, A. S. Kaiser, Z. Guan, X. Li, H. Gurgenci, and K. Hooman, A novel method to predict the transient start-up time for natural draft dry cooling towers in dispatchable power plants, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 145, p. 118794, 2019.De la Hoz, J., Valencia, G., Duarte Forero, J., Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of the Airflow in a Centrifugal Fan Using OpenFOAM, (2019) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 12 (4), pp. 230-239.W. Liu, Y. Kang, X. Wang, Q. Liu, and Z. Fang, Integrated CFD-aided theoretical demonstration of cavitation modulation in self-sustained oscillating jets, Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 79, pp. 521-543, 2020.X. Long, X. Ruan, Q. Liu, Z. Chen, S. Xue, and Z. 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Mohebbi-Kalhori, CFD modeling of an industrial scale two-fluid nozzle fluidized bed granulator, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2020.N. U. Aydemir, A. Trottier, T. Xu, M. Echlin, and T. Chin, Coupling of reactor transient simulations via the SALOME platform, Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 126, pp. 434-442, 2019.M. García Pérez and E. Vakkilainen, A comparison of turbulence models and two and three dimensional meshes for unsteady CFD ash deposition tools, Fuel, vol. 237, no. January 2018, pp. 806-811, 2019.Y. Wang and K. C. Smith, Numerical investigation of convective transport in redox flow battery tanks: Using baffles to increase utilization, Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 25, no. June, 2019.J. Guo, Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, and Y. Feng, CFD-based multi-objective optimization of a waterjet-propelled trimaran, Ocean Engineering, vol. 195, p. 106755, 2020.L. Wang, X. Yue, Q. Zhao, D. Chong, and J. Yan, Numerical investigation on the effects of steam and water parameters on steam jet condensation through a double-hole nozzle, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 126, pp. 831-842, 2018.ORIGINAL2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM® _ Espinel _ International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS).pdf2D Simulation of Two-Phase Flow for Water Jet Cutting Processes with OpenFOAM® _ Espinel _ International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS).pdfapplication/pdf402554https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6654/1/2D%20Simulation%20of%20Two-Phase%20Flow%20for%20Water%20Jet%20Cutting%20Processes%20with%20OpenFOAM%c2%ae%20_%20Espinel%20_%20International%20Review%20on%20Modelling%20and%20Simulations%20%28IREMOS%29.pdf3ceb20b9c6840e07e1a8372e6a925dfaMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0003-2527-0413ab89489b9ee8e021693a0cc1099029576000000-0003-2682-988096cb752d974d2a7f4f66513af6ebbf8d600 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