Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production

Microalgae have emerged as environment friendly alternative source of valuable products for energy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These microorganisms have been also studied in wastewater treatments due to its ability to remove CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, and toxic metals. In this work, cul...

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Autores:
Blanco, Estefany
Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar
González-Delgado, Angel Darío
García-Martinez, Janet
Barajas Solano, andres F
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1600
Acceso en línea:
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1600
Palabra clave:
Microalgae
Growth
Protein
Treatment
Wastewater
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
title Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
spellingShingle Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
Microalgae
Growth
Protein
Treatment
Wastewater
title_short Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
title_full Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
title_fullStr Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
title_full_unstemmed Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
title_sort Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Blanco, Estefany
Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar
González-Delgado, Angel Darío
García-Martinez, Janet
Barajas Solano, andres F
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Blanco, Estefany
Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar
González-Delgado, Angel Darío
García-Martinez, Janet
Barajas Solano, andres F
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Microalgae
Growth
Protein
Treatment
Wastewater
topic Microalgae
Growth
Protein
Treatment
Wastewater
description Microalgae have emerged as environment friendly alternative source of valuable products for energy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These microorganisms have been also studied in wastewater treatments due to its ability to remove CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, and toxic metals. In this work, cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was carried out in aquaculture wastewater in order to reduce its contents of NO3 and PO4. In addition, different concentration of inorganic carbon sources (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) and addition times were considered for determining suitable conditions in microalgae culture to produce proteins. It was found that highest protein content (45 % w/w) was achieved at 3.4 g/L of NaHCO3 and 19 h of addition time.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2018-02-02
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-30T23:12:14Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-30T23:12:14Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1600
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.12988/ces.2018.712203
url http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1600
identifier_str_mv 10.12988/ces.2018.712203
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Contemporary Engineering Sciences ISSN: 1313-6569, 2018 vol:11 fasc: n/A págs: 93 - 100
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 11, No. 2 (2018)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 100
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 2 (2018)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 93
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 11
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Blanco-Carvajal, E., Sanchez-Galvis, E., Gonzalez-Delgado, A. D., Garcia Martinez, J. B. y Barajas-Solano, A. F. (2018). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture wastewater for protein production. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 11(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.712203
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Contemporary Engineering Sciences
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 8 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Contemporary Engineering Sciences
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Colombia
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institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Blanco, Estefany5c212faa844ce1dea86b3285e95cebbbSanchez-Galvis, Edwar8c74c45a768fe23046f4aca43bf53fd3600González-Delgado, Angel Darío0102ed6cc17aae314ed4ababae07d17c600García-Martinez, Janet80edb67ba4cf51c8ef0d2bf62e0faa4d600Barajas Solano, andres F7237a5ca918751f9d045f15b62fd2f1f6002021-11-30T23:12:14Z2021-11-30T23:12:14Z2018-02-02http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/160010.12988/ces.2018.712203Microalgae have emerged as environment friendly alternative source of valuable products for energy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These microorganisms have been also studied in wastewater treatments due to its ability to remove CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, and toxic metals. In this work, cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was carried out in aquaculture wastewater in order to reduce its contents of NO3 and PO4. In addition, different concentration of inorganic carbon sources (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) and addition times were considered for determining suitable conditions in microalgae culture to produce proteins. It was found that highest protein content (45 % w/w) was achieved at 3.4 g/L of NaHCO3 and 19 h of addition time.8 páginasapplication/pdfengContemporary Engineering SciencesColombiaContemporary Engineering Sciences ISSN: 1313-6569, 2018 vol:11 fasc: n/A págs: 93 - 100Vol. 11, No. 2 (2018)1002 (2018)9311Blanco-Carvajal, E., Sanchez-Galvis, E., Gonzalez-Delgado, A. D., Garcia Martinez, J. B. y Barajas-Solano, A. F. (2018). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture wastewater for protein production. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 11(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.712203Contemporary Engineering Sciences2018 Estefany Blanco-Carvajal, Eduar Sanchez-Galvis, Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado, Janet Bibiana Garcia Martinez and Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://www.m-hikari.com/ces/ces2018/ces1-4-2018/p/gonzalezCES1-4-2018.pdfCultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein ProductionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85MicroalgaeGrowthProteinTreatmentWastewaterA. Gonçalves, J. Pires, M. Simões, A review on the use of microalgal consortia for wastewater treatment, Algal Research, 24 (2017), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2016.11.008A. Farhan, M. Udaiyappan, H. Abu, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, A review of the potentials, challenges and current status of microalgae biomass applications in industrial wastewater treatment, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 20 (2017), 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.09.006A. Guldhe, F. Ansari, P. Singh, F. Bux, Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae using aquaculture wastewater : A biorefinery concept for biomass production and nutrient remediation, Ecological Engineering, 99 (2017), 47– 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.013Y. Wang, S-H. Ho, C-L. Cheng, W.-Q. Guo, D. Nagarajan, N.-Q.Ren, DuuJong Lee, Jo-Shu Chang, Perspectives on the feasibility of using microalgae for industrial wastewater treatment, Bioresource Technology, 222 (2016), 485–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.106Á. D. González-Delgado, J. B. García-Martínez, Y. Y. Peralta-Ruíz, Cell Disruption and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae Amphiprora sp. Using Acid Hydrolysis- Solvent Extraction Route, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 10 (2017), 841–849. https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2017.78791Á. D. González-Delgado, A. F. Barajas-Solano, Y.Y. Peralta-Ruíz, Evaluation of In-Situ Transient Simultaneous Cell Disruption and Transesterification of Microalgae, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 10 (2017), 1319–1327. https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2017.710143S. Kang, A. Suresh, Yeu-Chun Kim, A highly efficient cell penetrating peptide pVEC-mediated protein delivery system into microalgae, Algal Research, 24 (2017), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.022R. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Zhang, Extraction of intracellular protein from Chlorella pyrenoidosa using a combination of ethanol soaking, enzyme digest, ultrasonication and homogenization techniques, Bioresource Technology, 247 (2018), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.087L. Grossmann, S. Ebert, J. Hinrichs, J. Weiss, Effect of precipitation, lyophilization , and organic solvent extraction on preparation of protein-rich powders from the microalgae Chlorella protothecoides, Algal Research, 29 (2018), 266–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.019Á. D. González-Delgado, Y. Y. Peralta-Ruíz, Thermodynamic Modeling of Microalgae Oil Extraction Using Supercritical Fluids, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 10 (2017), 503–511. https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2017.7334C. Ejike, S.A. Collins, N. Balasuriya, Andrew K. Swanson, B. Mason, Chibuike C. Udenigwe, Prospects of microalgae proteins in producing peptide-based functional foods for promoting cardiovascular health, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 59 (2017), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.026W. Nee, P. Loke, W. Heng, Tiong Xin Teh, Hilary Mae Yan Lim, Nurul Shafira binti Nazri, Chung Hong Tan, Jo-Shu Chang, Tau Chuan Ling, Proteins recovery from wet microalgae using liquid biphasic flotation (LBF), Bioresource Technology, 244 (2017), 1329–1336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.165R. Andersen, Algal Culturing Techniques, London: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.M. Borowitzka, N. Moheimani, Total protein determination methods, Algae for Biofuels and Energy, 2011, 274–283.ORIGINALCultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production.pdfCultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production.pdfapplication/pdf452920https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1600/1/Cultivation%20of%20Chlorella%20vulgaris%20in%20Aquaculture%20Wastewater%20for%20Protein%20Production.pdf76199cafc3299a8b1bcc6663ce6bca29MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1600/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTCultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production.pdf.txtCultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production.pdf.txtExtracted 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0001-8100-88880102ed6cc17aae314ed4ababae07d17c6000000-0001-6719-740880edb67ba4cf51c8ef0d2bf62e0faa4d6000000-0003-2765-91317237a5ca918751f9d045f15b62fd2f1f600