Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers
Charge controllers are implemented in several electronic systems to protect and control the charge and discharge rates of a battery; for off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) systems, there are two types of technologies, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In this work, we com...
- Autores:
-
Laguado, Miguel
Luna Paipa, Eduardo Andres
Bustos Marquez, Luis Fernando
Sepúlveda, Sergio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/952
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/952
http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20681
- Palabra clave:
- Charge controller
Maximum Power Point Tracking
Micro-controller
Off-grid PV Systems
Pulse Width Modulation
Controlador de carga
Microcontrolador
Modulación por ancho de pulsos
Seguidor de Punto de Máxima Potencia
Sistema Fotovoltaico Autónomo
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Comparación del desempeño entre un controlador de carga PWM y un controlador MPPT |
| title |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| spellingShingle |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers Charge controller Maximum Power Point Tracking Micro-controller Off-grid PV Systems Pulse Width Modulation Controlador de carga Microcontrolador Modulación por ancho de pulsos Seguidor de Punto de Máxima Potencia Sistema Fotovoltaico Autónomo |
| title_short |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| title_full |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| title_fullStr |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| title_sort |
Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Laguado, Miguel Luna Paipa, Eduardo Andres Bustos Marquez, Luis Fernando Sepúlveda, Sergio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Laguado, Miguel Luna Paipa, Eduardo Andres Bustos Marquez, Luis Fernando Sepúlveda, Sergio |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Charge controller Maximum Power Point Tracking Micro-controller Off-grid PV Systems Pulse Width Modulation |
| topic |
Charge controller Maximum Power Point Tracking Micro-controller Off-grid PV Systems Pulse Width Modulation Controlador de carga Microcontrolador Modulación por ancho de pulsos Seguidor de Punto de Máxima Potencia Sistema Fotovoltaico Autónomo |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Controlador de carga Microcontrolador Modulación por ancho de pulsos Seguidor de Punto de Máxima Potencia Sistema Fotovoltaico Autónomo |
| description |
Charge controllers are implemented in several electronic systems to protect and control the charge and discharge rates of a battery; for off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) systems, there are two types of technologies, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In this work, we compared two charge controllers in PV systems with the same technical specifications in order to determine the behavior of each of them under similar environmental conditions. The implementation of both charge controllers was based on firmware and hardware with original designs, using PWM and MPPT technologies. Both PV systems are composed of the charge controller, a 30 W solar panel and a 12 V – 18 Ah battery; in the experimental tests we measured the voltage and current in the panel and the battery in charge and discharge processes, observing that the MPPT controller has a higher average efficiency than the PWM controller, elucidating that the type of technology used in the charge controller has a direct impact on the efficiency, even under unfavorable conditions of solar radiation and environmental temperature. The PWM controller is an option of acceptable efficiency and lower price in relation to the MPPT controller. In the implementation of both controllers we calculated similar periods of autonomy. |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-03 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-12T21:41:05Z |
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2021-11-12T21:41:05Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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0122-1701 |
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http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/952 |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20681 |
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0122-1701 |
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http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/952 http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20681 |
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eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv |
Scientia et Technica |
| dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vol.24 No.1.(2019) |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
1(2019) |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
6 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
24 |
| dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv |
Laguado–Serrano, M. A., Paipa, E. L., Bustos–Márquez, L. F., & Sepulveda–Mora, S. B. (2019). Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers. Scientia et technica, 24(1), 6-11. |
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Scientia et Technica |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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06 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Scientia et Technica |
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Colombia |
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https://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistaciencia/article/view/20681 |
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Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander |
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Laguado, Miguel5a76dbd15ea6c5f5dc051e7bb5a220a5600Luna Paipa, Eduardo Andres79b333a8f92e505b271f2095f23c13a6600Bustos Marquez, Luis Fernando2bcff16ffc093e7b7c5f63c5ce6286b5600Sepúlveda, Sergiof9ae22ff86139103bcba4c4de3e5c2806002021-11-12T21:41:05Z2021-11-12T21:41:05Z2019-030122-1701http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/952http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20681Charge controllers are implemented in several electronic systems to protect and control the charge and discharge rates of a battery; for off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) systems, there are two types of technologies, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In this work, we compared two charge controllers in PV systems with the same technical specifications in order to determine the behavior of each of them under similar environmental conditions. The implementation of both charge controllers was based on firmware and hardware with original designs, using PWM and MPPT technologies. Both PV systems are composed of the charge controller, a 30 W solar panel and a 12 V – 18 Ah battery; in the experimental tests we measured the voltage and current in the panel and the battery in charge and discharge processes, observing that the MPPT controller has a higher average efficiency than the PWM controller, elucidating that the type of technology used in the charge controller has a direct impact on the efficiency, even under unfavorable conditions of solar radiation and environmental temperature. The PWM controller is an option of acceptable efficiency and lower price in relation to the MPPT controller. In the implementation of both controllers we calculated similar periods of autonomy.Los controladores de carga son implementados en varios sistemas electrónicos con el objetivo de proteger y controlar la carga y descarga de una batería; en el caso de los controladores utilizados en sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos se implementan dos tipos de tecnologías, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) y Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). En este artículo se compararon dos controladores de carga con diseños originales en sistemas fotovoltaicos con las mismas especificaciones técnicas para determinar el comportamiento de cada uno bajo condiciones ambientales similares. La implementación de ambos controladores de carga se basó en software y hardware con diseños originales, utilizando tecnología PWM y MPPT. Ambos sistemas están compuestos por el controlador de carga, un panel solar de 30 W y una batería de 12 V a 18 Ah; se realizaron las pruebas experimentales de ambos controladores midiendo voltaje y corriente en el panel y en la batería en procesos de carga y descarga, observando que el controlador MPPT tiene una eficiencia promedio mayor que el controlador PWM debido a que el tipo de tecnología implementada influye directamente en la eficiencia, incluso ante valores menos favorables de radiación solar y temperatura ambiente. El controlador PWM es una opción de eficiencia aceptable y además de bajo costo respecto al controlador MPPT. En la implementación de ambos controladores se calcularon tiempos de autonomía similares.06 páginasapplication/pdfengScientia et TechnicaColombiaScientia et TechnicaVol.24 No.1.(2019)111(2019)624Laguado–Serrano, M. A., Paipa, E. L., Bustos–Márquez, L. F., & Sepulveda–Mora, S. B. (2019). Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers. Scientia et technica, 24(1), 6-11.Scientia et Technicahttps://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistaciencia/article/view/20681Performance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllersComparación del desempeño entre un controlador de carga PWM y un controlador MPPTArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Charge controllerMaximum Power Point TrackingMicro-controllerOff-grid PV SystemsPulse Width ModulationControlador de cargaMicrocontroladorModulación por ancho de pulsosSeguidor de Punto de Máxima PotenciaSistema Fotovoltaico AutónomoT. Peterson and C. Horton, “Communicating about Solar Energy and Climate Change”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science, pp. 1-48, 2017. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.437K. Bos, and J.Gupta J, “Climate change: the risks of stranded fossil fuel assets and resources to the developing world”, Third World Quarterly, pp. 1-18, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2017.1387477R. Nasrin, and N. Hasanuzzaman, “Effect of high irradiation on photovoltaic power and energy”, International Journal of Energy Research, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/er.3907R. Thapa, “Off-Grid Energy an Option for Rural Energy Solution”, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, vol. 3, pp. 1064-1070, 2017.A. Escobar, C. Torres, and R. Hincapie, “Conexión de un sistema fotovoltaico a la red eléctrica”, Scientia Et Technica, vol. XV, nº 43, pp. 31-36, 2009. DOI:10.22517/23447214.1751A. Gaga, O. Diouri, N. Es-sbai, and F. Errahimi, “Design and realization of an autonomous solar system”, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, pp. 1-10, 2017. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/186/1/012031D. Hoyos, “Análisis, diseño y construcción de un controlador fotovoltaico”, Publicación de Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, vol. 9, pp. 1-6, 2005.Y. Yang, Y. Qing, L. Tung, M. Greenleaf, and L. Hui, “Integrated Size and Energy Management Design of Battery Storage to Enhance Grid Integration of Large-scale PV Power Plants”, IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2721878J. Chang, H. Liahng, and C. Yi Hung, “Solar power generation system for reducing leakage current”, International Journal of Electronics, pp. 1-15, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/00207217.2017.1382010I. Elzein, “An Evaluation of Photovoltaic Systems MPPT Techniques under the Characteristics of Operational Conditions”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 2, nº 2, pp. 30-38, 2017.S. Piller, M. Perrin, and A. Jossen, “Methods for state-of-charge determination and their applications”, Journal of Power Sources, pp. 113-120, 2001. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00560-2ORIGINALPerformance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers.pdfPerformance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers.pdfapplication/pdf783740https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/952/1/Performance%20comparison%20between%20PWM%20and%20MPPT%20charge%20controllers.pdff74d5433bde67887b7d6b45de9bf3085MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/952/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTPerformance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers.pdf.txtPerformance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain29365https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/952/3/Performance%20comparison%20between%20PWM%20and%20MPPT%20charge%20controllers.pdf.txt475e33b4babc7645e36e0b3fa54189b9MD53open accessTHUMBNAILPerformance comparison between PWM and MPPT charge controllers.pdf.jpgPerformance 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0002-3505-44935a76dbd15ea6c5f5dc051e7bb5a220a56000000-0003-3518-362079b333a8f92e505b271f2095f23c13a66000000-0003-4465-966X2bcff16ffc093e7b7c5f63c5ce6286b56000000-0002-1248-7616f9ae22ff861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