Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments
In this paper, we show the results of a ray launching tool for channel estimation in indoor scenario and compare it with measurements in a DVB-T system, using a Vector Network Analyzer used to obtain the Root Mean Square Delay Spread (RMS-DS), obtained from S12 parameter. We use a 10mW transmitter a...
- Autores:
-
GUEVARA IBARRA, DINAEL
NAVARRO CADAVID, ANDRES
JIMENEZ, JORDI
CARDONA, NARCIS
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/878
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/878
https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v20i1.6100
- Palabra clave:
- Channel modelling
DVB-T
propagation
ray tracing
modelado de canal
propagación
trazado de rayos
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Calibración de la permitividad y conductividad en modelos de trazado de rayos basados en medidas |
| title |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| spellingShingle |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments Channel modelling DVB-T propagation ray tracing modelado de canal propagación trazado de rayos |
| title_short |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| title_full |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| title_fullStr |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| title_sort |
Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
GUEVARA IBARRA, DINAEL NAVARRO CADAVID, ANDRES JIMENEZ, JORDI CARDONA, NARCIS |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
GUEVARA IBARRA, DINAEL NAVARRO CADAVID, ANDRES JIMENEZ, JORDI CARDONA, NARCIS |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Channel modelling DVB-T propagation ray tracing |
| topic |
Channel modelling DVB-T propagation ray tracing modelado de canal propagación trazado de rayos |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
modelado de canal propagación trazado de rayos |
| description |
In this paper, we show the results of a ray launching tool for channel estimation in indoor scenario and compare it with measurements in a DVB-T system, using a Vector Network Analyzer used to obtain the Root Mean Square Delay Spread (RMS-DS), obtained from S12 parameter. We use a 10mW transmitter and make measurements in 39 different points in the scenario. Also we show the empirical adjustments made in the constitutive parameters, in order to improve the Delay Spread results. We show that this kind of ray based tools are very sensitive to the number of interactions considered in the model and also to the values of the constitutive parameters of the different elements in the scenario. For the low frequencies used for this work, we found also that some external elements can influence the results and must be considered for indoor simulations. |
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2018 |
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2018-02-11 |
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2021-11-11T14:53:15Z |
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2021-11-11T14:53:15Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v20i1.6100 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Ingeniería y competitividad |
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Vol.20 No.1.(2018) |
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51 |
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1(2018) |
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Navarro, A., Guevara, D., Giménez, J., & Cardona, N. (2018). Calibración de la permitividad y conductividad en modelos de trazado de rayos basados en medidas. INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD, 20(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v20i1.6100 |
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Ingeniería y Competitividad |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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12 páginas |
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Ingeniería y Competitividad |
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GUEVARA IBARRA, DINAEL1d464ce9e94b60958da5e6a488a194a7NAVARRO CADAVID, ANDRES531be4ad3692cb9365efff6bda46b518JIMENEZ, JORDI9f1f2300a44206007cba73761772eb14CARDONA, NARCIS11876b16c17ffce1bcb9eb710a376c722021-11-11T14:53:15Z2021-11-11T14:53:15Z2018-02-11http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/878https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v20i1.6100In this paper, we show the results of a ray launching tool for channel estimation in indoor scenario and compare it with measurements in a DVB-T system, using a Vector Network Analyzer used to obtain the Root Mean Square Delay Spread (RMS-DS), obtained from S12 parameter. We use a 10mW transmitter and make measurements in 39 different points in the scenario. Also we show the empirical adjustments made in the constitutive parameters, in order to improve the Delay Spread results. We show that this kind of ray based tools are very sensitive to the number of interactions considered in the model and also to the values of the constitutive parameters of the different elements in the scenario. For the low frequencies used for this work, we found also that some external elements can influence the results and must be considered for indoor simulations.En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una herramienta de lanzado de rayos para estimación de parámetros de canal en un escenario de interiores (Indoor) y se comparan sus resultados con mediciones realizadas con un sistema DVB-T, utilizando un equipo analizador vectorial de redes, con el que se mide el Root Mean Square Delay Spread (RMS-DS), a partir del parámetro S12. Para las mediciones se utiliza un transmisor con potencia de 10mW y se toman los valores medios de RMS-DS en 39 puntos de medida dis-tribuidos alrededor del escenario. Se muestra también el ajuste empírico necesario realizado a los parámetros constitutivos del escenario, con el fin de mejorar los resultados en el Delay Spread. Se muestra en el artículo que este tipo de herramientas basadas en rayos son sensibles al número de interacciones consideradas en el modelo así como a los parámetros constitutivos de los materiales del escenario. Dadas las bajas frecuencias utilizadas en este trabajo, también se encuentra que algunos elementos externos al escenario pueden influir en los resultados y deben ser considerados en las simulaciones en interiores (Indoor).12 páginasapplication/pdfengIngeniería y CompetitividadColombiaIngeniería y competitividadVol.20 No.1.(2018)511(2018)4120Navarro, A., Guevara, D., Giménez, J., & Cardona, N. (2018). Calibración de la permitividad y conductividad en modelos de trazado de rayos basados en medidas. INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD, 20(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v20i1.6100Ingeniería y CompetitividadRevista Ingeniería y Competitividad por Universidad del Valle se encuentra bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento - Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistaingenieria.univalle.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_y_competitividad/%20article%20/view%20/6100Measurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environmentsCalibración de la permitividad y conductividad en modelos de trazado de rayos basados en medidasArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Channel modellingDVB-Tpropagationray tracingmodelado de canalpropagacióntrazado de rayosKeller J. Geometrical theory of diffraction. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1962;52(2):116-30.Luebbers R. Finite conductivity uniform GTD versus knife egde diffraction in prediction of propagation path loss. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 1984 jan;32(1):70-76.Patwari N, Durgin G, Rapaport T. Improved 3D ray launching method for wireless propagation prediction. IEEE Electron. Lett. 1997 jul;33(16):1412-13.Catedra MF, Perez J, Saez de Adana F, Gutierrez O. Efficient ray-tracing techniques for three-dimensional analyses of propagation in mobile communications: application to picocell and microcell scenarios. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 1998 Apr;40(2):15-28.ProcessStandard Deviation (ns)Mean error (ns)Initial21.610.7After Adjustment1.10.1addad E, Malhouroux N, Pajusco P, Ney M. On the frequency dependence of UWB indoor channel parameters: 3D ray tracing and measurement. Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP); 2010 Apr; Barcelona, Spain. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2010. p. 1-5.Felbecker R, Raschkowski L, Keusgen W, Peter M. Electromagnetic wave propagation in the millimeter wave band using the NVIDIA OptiX GPU ray tracing engine. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP); 2012 Mar; Prague, Czech Republic. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2012. p. 488-92.Mani F, Oestges C. Evaluation of diffuse scattering contribution for delay spread and crosspolarization ratio prediction in an indoor scenario. Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP); 2010 Apr; Barcelona, Spain. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2010. p. 1-4.Degli-Esposti V. A diffuse scattering model for urban propagation prediction. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2001 Jul;49(7):1111-13.Haddad E, Malhouroux N, Pajusco P, Ney M. Optimization of 3D ray tracing for MIMO indoor channel. General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, XXXth URSI; 2011 Aug; Istanbul, Turkey. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2011.Mohtashami V, Shishegar AA. Effects of inaccuracy of material permittivities on ray tra-cing results for site-specfic indoor propagation modeling. Antennas and Propagation in Wi-reless Communications (APWC); 2013 Sep; Torino, Italy. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE. p. 1172-5.Navarro A, Guevara D, Gómez J. Modeling wireless channel employing ray tracing tech-niques: A systematic review. Sist. & Tele. 2014 Sep;12(30):87-101.ETSI. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for a second generation digital terrestrial television broad-casting system (DVB-T2). Sophia Antipolis, France: ETSI; 2012. ETSI TS 102 831 V1.2.1 (2012-08) Technical Specification.ATSC Planning Team 2. Final report on ATSC 3.0-Next generation broadcast television. Wa-shington, DC: Advanced Television Systems Committee; 2011 Sept 21. ATSC PT2-046r11 Final Report.Navarro A, Guevara D, Cardona N, Gimenez J. DVB Coverage prediction using game engine based ray-tracing techniques. IEEE 74th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2011-Fall; 2011 Sep; San Francisco (CA). Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2011.Navarro A, Guevara D. Using game engines for wideband channel estimation parameters in Andean cities. Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Pro-pagation (EuCAP); 2010 Apr; Barcelona, Spain. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2010. p. 1-5.Navarro A, Guevara D. Applicability of game engine for ray tracing techniques in a complex urban environment. IEEE 72nd Vehicular Tech-nology Conference VTC 2010-Fall; 2010 Sep; Ottawa (ON). Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2010.Navarro A, Guevara D, Gomez J. Prediction of delay spread using ray tracing and game engine based on measurement. IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring); 2015 May; Glasgow, Scotland. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2015.Stavrou S, Saunders SR. Review of constitutive parameters of building materials. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP ’03); 2003 Apr; Exeter, UK. London (UK): IET; 2003. p. 211-5.Pereira C, Blanchard C, Carvalho LM, Costa CA. High frequency heating of medium density fiberboard (MDF): Theory and experiment. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2004 Feb;59(4):735-45.Ramo S, Whinnery JR, Van Duzer T. Fields and waves in communication electronics. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2007.Vitucci E, Fuschini F, Degli-Esposti V. Ray tracing simulation of the radio channel time- and angle-dispersion in large indoor environments. In: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014); 2014 Apr; The Hague, Netherlands. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE. p.2127-30.ORIGINALMeasurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments.pdfMeasurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments.pdfapplication/pdf505515https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/878/1/Measurement-based%20ray-tracing%20models%20calibration%20of%20the%20permittivity%20and%20conductivity%20in%20indoor%20environments.pdf5ca8876fda46475c234cdfdd4ecf3751MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/878/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTMeasurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments.pdf.txtMeasurement-based ray-tracing models calibration of the permittivity and conductivity in indoor environments.pdf.txtExtracted 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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