Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models

This study proposes a methodology for the calibration of combined sewer overflow (CSO), incorporating the results of the three-dimensional ANSYS CFX model in the SWMM onedimensional model. The procedure consists of constructing calibration curves in ANSYS CFX that relate the input flow to the CSO wi...

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Autores:
Pulgarín, D A
De Plaza, J S
Ruge Cárdenas, Juan Carlos
Rojas, J P
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6652
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6652
Palabra clave:
numerical modelling
Constitutive models
Hydraulic simulation
Rights
openAccess
License
This is an article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
title Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
spellingShingle Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
numerical modelling
Constitutive models
Hydraulic simulation
title_short Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
title_full Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
title_fullStr Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
title_full_unstemmed Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
title_sort Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX models
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Pulgarín, D A
De Plaza, J S
Ruge Cárdenas, Juan Carlos
Rojas, J P
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Pulgarín, D A
De Plaza, J S
Ruge Cárdenas, Juan Carlos
Rojas, J P
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv numerical modelling
Constitutive models
Hydraulic simulation
topic numerical modelling
Constitutive models
Hydraulic simulation
description This study proposes a methodology for the calibration of combined sewer overflow (CSO), incorporating the results of the three-dimensional ANSYS CFX model in the SWMM onedimensional model. The procedure consists of constructing calibration curves in ANSYS CFX that relate the input flow to the CSO with the overflow, to then incorporate them into the SWMM model. The results obtained show that the behavior of the flow over the crest of the overflow weir varies in space and time. Therefore, the flow of entry to the CSO and the flow of excesses maintain a non-linear relationship, contrary to the results obtained in the onedimensional model. However, the uncertainty associated with the idealization of flow methodologies in one dimension is reduced under the SWMM model with kinematic wave conditions and simulating CSO from curves obtained in ANSYS CFX. The result obtained facilitates the calibration of combined sewer networks for permanent or non-permanent flow conditions, by means of the construction of curves in a three-dimensional model, especially when the information collected in situ is limited.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-19
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-06T20:27:15Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-06T20:27:15Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6652
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.23967/j.rimni.2021.01.006
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6652
identifier_str_mv 10.23967/j.rimni.2021.01.006
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria. Vol.37 N°.1. (2021)
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.37 N°.1. (2021)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 13
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1(2021)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 37
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Pulgarín, D., Plaza, J., Cárdenas, J. C. R., & Rojas, J. P. (2021). Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the SWMM and CFX models. Métodos numéricos para cálculo y diseño en ingeniería: Revista internacional, 37(1), 1-964.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv This is an article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 13 páginas
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv España
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institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Pulgarín, D A7a5667c96db36876d5ee2969acc771faDe Plaza, J Sa25277798ffc6c4e892d3fac8fee572fRuge Cárdenas, Juan Carlos8c2a65131d8d37d70a1993ea1da9d5f0600Rojas, J Pa14e98b105ed54715a6a126dbdffb69dRevista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria2022-12-06T20:27:15Z2022-12-06T20:27:15Z2021-01-19https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/665210.23967/j.rimni.2021.01.006This study proposes a methodology for the calibration of combined sewer overflow (CSO), incorporating the results of the three-dimensional ANSYS CFX model in the SWMM onedimensional model. The procedure consists of constructing calibration curves in ANSYS CFX that relate the input flow to the CSO with the overflow, to then incorporate them into the SWMM model. The results obtained show that the behavior of the flow over the crest of the overflow weir varies in space and time. Therefore, the flow of entry to the CSO and the flow of excesses maintain a non-linear relationship, contrary to the results obtained in the onedimensional model. However, the uncertainty associated with the idealization of flow methodologies in one dimension is reduced under the SWMM model with kinematic wave conditions and simulating CSO from curves obtained in ANSYS CFX. The result obtained facilitates the calibration of combined sewer networks for permanent or non-permanent flow conditions, by means of the construction of curves in a three-dimensional model, especially when the information collected in situ is limited.13 páginasapplication/pdfengRevista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en IngenieriaEspañaRevista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria. Vol.37 N°.1. (2021)Vol.37 N°.1. (2021)131(2021)137Pulgarín, D., Plaza, J., Cárdenas, J. C. R., & Rojas, J. P. (2021). Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the SWMM and CFX models. Métodos numéricos para cálculo y diseño en ingeniería: Revista internacional, 37(1), 1-964.Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en IngenieriaThis is an article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.scipedia.com/public/Pulgarin_et_al_2021a#Hydraulic modeling of combined sewers overflow integrating the results of the swmm and CFX modelsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85numerical modellingConstitutive modelsHydraulic simulationU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Combined sewer overflows guidance for monitoring and modeling. Washington, 1999.Capital District Regional Planning Commission (CDRPC). Combined sewer system modeling work plan. New York, 2007.Rossman L.A. Storm water management model user’s manual, version 5.0. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2010.Harwood R., Saul A.J. Modelling the performance of combined‐sewer overflow chambers. Water and Environment Journal, 15(4):300–304, 2001.Vazquez J., Kouyi G.L., Zug M. Modelling and instrumentation of the storm overflows of the combined sewer system of Sélestat. Urban Water Journal, 3(2):91–110, 2006.He C., Marsalek J., Rochfort Q., Krishnappan B.G. Case study: refinement of hydraulic operation of a complex CSO storage/treatment facility by numerical and physical modeling. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(2):131–139, 2006.He C., Marsalek J. Hydraulic optimization of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) storage facility using numerical and physical modeling. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 36(2):363–373, 2009.Fach S., Sitzenfrei R., Rauch W. Determining the spill flow discharge of combined sewer overflows using rating curves based on computational fluid dynamics instead of the standard weir equation. Water Science and Technology, 60(12):3035–3043, 2009.Dufresne M., Vazquez J., Terfous A., Ghenaim A., Poulet J.-B. CFD modeling of solid separation in three combined sewer overflow chambers. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 135(9):776–787, 2009.Isel S., Dufresne M., Bardiaux J.B., Fischer M., Vazquez J. Computational fluid dynamics based assessment of discharge-water depth relationships for combined sewer overflows. Urban Water Journal, 11(8):631–640, 2014.Chen Z., Han S., Zhou F.-Y., Wang K. A CFD modeling approach for municipal sewer system design optimization to minimize emissions into receiving water body. Water Resources Management, 27(7):2053–2069, 2013.Harwood R. CSO modeling strategies using computational fluid dynamics. In Global Solutions for Urban Drainage, pp. 1–9, 2002.GRUCON. Estudio de la rehabilitación del alcantarillado de la ciudad de Bogotá, 1999.Stovin V.R., Saul A.J. Computational fluid dynamics and the design of sewage storage chambers. Water and Environment Journal, 14(2):103–110, 2000.Dufresne M., Vazquez J., Terfous A., Ghenaim A., Poulet J.-B. Experimental investigation and CFD modelling of flow, sedimentation, and solids separation in a combined sewer detention tank. Computers & Fluids, 38(5):1042–1049, 2009.Cataño-Lopera Y.A., Bedoya D., Anderson N. Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to improve flow partition in a combined sewer diversion structure under supercritical flow. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2017(2):642–654, 2017.Kouyi G.L., Bret P., Didier J.-M., Chocat B., Billat C. The use of CFD modelling to optimise measurement of overflow rates in a downstream-controlled dual-overflow structure. 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Universidad Francisco de Paula 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
