Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines
Currently, internal combustion engines face the challenge of reducing fuel consumption and reducing polluting emissions due to their significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use tools that allow us to evaluate the operating characteristics of this type of thermal machines...
- Autores:
-
Rojas Suárez, J P
Pabón León, J A
Orjuela Abril, M S
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6638
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6638
- Palabra clave:
- Combustion
Energy efficiency
Behavior characteristic
Higher education students
Impact on the environment
Learning tool
Operating characteristics
Performance characteristics
Physical process
Polluting emission
Pressure curve
Thermal machines
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- © Copyright 2022 IOP Publishing
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Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| title |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| spellingShingle |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines Combustion Energy efficiency Behavior characteristic Higher education students Impact on the environment Learning tool Operating characteristics Performance characteristics Physical process Polluting emission Pressure curve Thermal machines |
| title_short |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| title_full |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| title_fullStr |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| title_sort |
Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rojas Suárez, J P Pabón León, J A Orjuela Abril, M S |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rojas Suárez, J P Pabón León, J A Orjuela Abril, M S |
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IOP Publishing Ltd |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Combustion Energy efficiency Behavior characteristic Higher education students Impact on the environment Learning tool Operating characteristics Performance characteristics Physical process Polluting emission Pressure curve Thermal machines |
| topic |
Combustion Energy efficiency Behavior characteristic Higher education students Impact on the environment Learning tool Operating characteristics Performance characteristics Physical process Polluting emission Pressure curve Thermal machines |
| description |
Currently, internal combustion engines face the challenge of reducing fuel consumption and reducing polluting emissions due to their significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use tools that allow us to evaluate the operating characteristics of this type of thermal machines. In the present investigation, the development of a virtual bench was proposed for the analysis of the behavior and performance characteristics of an internal combustion engine for use as a learning tool in higher education students. From the results obtained, it could be demonstrated that the pressure curves of the combustion chamber and the rate of heat release obtained by means of the virtual bench presented a high concordance with the experimental records. The maximum deviation obtained was 5% and 15% for the pressure curve and the heat release rate. Comparing the performance parameters of the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine and energy efficiency, a maximum deviation of 2.96% was shown compared to the real engine. In general, the virtual development bank can describe the behavior of the engine, allowing the characterization of physical phenomena, as well as evaluating the effect of auxiliary technologies such as turbo-compression systems. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-08-27 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-05T15:43:21Z |
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2022-12-05T15:43:21Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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17426588 |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6638 |
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10.1088/1742-6596/2102/1/012013 |
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17426588 10.1088/1742-6596/2102/1/012013 |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6638 |
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eng |
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eng |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
2102 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
| dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv |
© Copyright 2022 IOP Publishing |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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© Copyright 2022 IOP Publishing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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openAccess |
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8 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER |
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Rojas Suárez, J P2e6246c21de47d0a56c341329786ab2aPabón León, J Aa278f0dabd5884d1df40592766a4a27eOrjuela Abril, M S882cc78a2b568f7eafba50b4118e8e89IOP Publishing Ltd2022-12-05T15:43:21Z2022-12-05T15:43:21Z2021-08-2717426588https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/663810.1088/1742-6596/2102/1/012013Currently, internal combustion engines face the challenge of reducing fuel consumption and reducing polluting emissions due to their significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use tools that allow us to evaluate the operating characteristics of this type of thermal machines. In the present investigation, the development of a virtual bench was proposed for the analysis of the behavior and performance characteristics of an internal combustion engine for use as a learning tool in higher education students. From the results obtained, it could be demonstrated that the pressure curves of the combustion chamber and the rate of heat release obtained by means of the virtual bench presented a high concordance with the experimental records. The maximum deviation obtained was 5% and 15% for the pressure curve and the heat release rate. Comparing the performance parameters of the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine and energy efficiency, a maximum deviation of 2.96% was shown compared to the real engine. In general, the virtual development bank can describe the behavior of the engine, allowing the characterization of physical phenomena, as well as evaluating the effect of auxiliary technologies such as turbo-compression systems.8 páginasapplication/pdfeng© Copyright 2022 IOP Publishinghttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2102/1/012013Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion enginesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a8512102Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesCombustionEnergy efficiencyBehavior characteristicHigher education studentsImpact on the environmentLearning toolOperating characteristicsPerformance characteristicsPhysical processPolluting emissionPressure curveThermal machinesOchoa G V, Isaza-Roldan C, Duarte Forero J 2020 Economic and exergo-advance analysis of a waste heat recovery system based on regenerative organic Rankine cycle under organic fluids with low global warming potential Energies 13(6) 1317Ochoa G V, Prada G, Duarte-Forero J 2020 Carbon footprint analysis and advanced exergo-environmental modeling of a waste heat recovery system based on a recuperative organic Rankine cycle J. Clean. Prod. 274 122838Duarte Forero J, López Taborda L, Bula Silvera A 2019 Characterization of the performance of centrifugal pumps powered by a diesel engine in dredging applications Int. Rev. Mech. Eng. 13(1) 11Forero J D, Ochoa G V, Alvarado W P 2020 Study of the piston secondary movement on the tribological performance of a single cylinder low-displacement diesel engine Lubricants 8(11) 97Orozco T, Herrera M, Duarte Forero J 2019 CFD Study of heat exchangers applied in Brayton cycles: a case study in supercritical condition using carbon dioxide as working fluid Int. Rev. Model. Simulations 12(2) 72Olmeda P, Martin J, Arnau F J, Artham S 2020 Analysis of the energy balance during world harmonized light vehicles test cycle in warmed and cold conditions using a virtual engine Int. J. Engine Res. 21(6) 1037Orozco W, Acuña N, Forero J D 2019 Characterization of emissions in low displacement diesel engines using biodiesel and energy recovery system Int. Rev. Mech. Eng. 13(7) 420Chen W, Shah U V, Brechtelsbauer C 2019 A framework for hands-on learning in chemical engineering education—training students with the end goal in mind Educ. Chem. Eng. 28 25Inguva P, Lee-Lane D, Teck A, Anabaraonye B, Chen W, Shah U V, Brechtelsbauer C 2018 Advancing experiential learning through participatory design Educ. Chem. Eng. 25 16Augusto P A, Castelo-Grande T, Estevez A M 2019 Practical demonstrations designed and developed by the students for pedagogical learning in transport phenomena Educ. Chem. Eng. 26 48Xie M, Inguva P, Chen W, Prasetya N, Macey A, DiMaggio P, Shah U, Brechtelsbauer C 2020 Accelerating students’ learning of chromatography with an experiential module on process development and scaleup J. Chem. Educ. 97(4) 1001Sanchez De la Hoz J, Valencia G, Duarte Forero J 2019 Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the airflow in a centrifugal fan using OpenFOAM Int. Rev. Model. Simulations 12(4) 230Dhyani V, Subramanian K A 2019 Control of backfire and NOx emission reduction in a hydrogen fueled multi-cylinder spark ignition engine using cooled EGR and water injection strategies Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 44(12) 6287Egnell R 1998 Combustion diagnostics by means of multizone heat release analysis and NO calculation SAE Trans. 691Dabbaghi M F, Baharom M B, Karim Z A A, Aziz A R A, Mohammed S E, others 2021 Comparative evaluation of different heat transfer correlations on a single curved-cylinder spark ignition crank-rocker engine Alexandria Eng. J. 60(3) 2963Moraal P, Kolmanovsky I 1999 Turbocharger modeling for automotive control applications SAE Technical Paper 1999-01 0908:1Obregon L, Valencia G, Duarte Forero J 2019 Efficiency optimization study of a centrifugal pump for industrial dredging applications using CFD Int. Rev. Model. Simulations 12(4) 245Nour M, Sun Z, El-Seesy A I, Li X 2021 Experimental evaluation of the performance and emissions of a direct-injection compression-ignition engine fueled with n-hexanol--diesel blends Fuel 302 121144Venkatesan V, Nallusamy N, Nagapandiselvi P 2021 Performance and emission analysis on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation in a tractor diesel engine using pine oil and soapnut oil methyl ester Fuel 290 120077Singh P, Chauhan S R, Goel V 2018 Assessment of diesel engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics fuelled with dual fuel blends Renew. Energy 125 501Mubarak M, Shaija A, Suchithra T V 2021 Experimental evaluation of Salvinia molesta oil biodiesel/diesel blends fuel on combustion, performance and emission analysis of diesel engine Fuel 287 119526ORIGINALRojas_Suárez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdfRojas_Suárez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdfMain articleapplication/pdf2788234https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6638/1/Rojas_Su%c3%a1rez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdfebcb911a023949cb0a7869ad9d329ed0MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6638/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTRojas_Suárez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdf.txtRojas_Suárez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain21788https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6638/3/Rojas_Su%c3%a1rez_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2102_012013.pdf.txt10ea143960f3baa24e6934cd4b1b8ea9MD53open 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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