Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems
Soils with appropriate water and air conditions improve microbiological activity, but agriculture frequently deteriorates soil’s physical requirements and impairs microbes’ survival. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical soil conditions and microbiological acti...
- Autores:
-
Visconti Moreno, Efrain Francisco
Valenzuela Balcázar, Ibonne Geaneth
Agudelo Archila , Diana Paola
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6861
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6861
- Palabra clave:
- Soil biology
Soil degradation
Soil microorganisms
Soil quality
Biologia de suelo
Degradación de suelo
Microorganismos del suelo
Calidad de suelo
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
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Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Evaluación de la respuesta de los microorganismos a las condiciones físicas del suelo en diferentes sistemas de uso agrícola |
| title |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems Soil biology Soil degradation Soil microorganisms Soil quality Biologia de suelo Degradación de suelo Microorganismos del suelo Calidad de suelo |
| title_short |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| title_full |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| title_sort |
Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Visconti Moreno, Efrain Francisco Valenzuela Balcázar, Ibonne Geaneth Agudelo Archila , Diana Paola |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Visconti Moreno, Efrain Francisco Valenzuela Balcázar, Ibonne Geaneth Agudelo Archila , Diana Paola |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Soil biology Soil degradation Soil microorganisms Soil quality |
| topic |
Soil biology Soil degradation Soil microorganisms Soil quality Biologia de suelo Degradación de suelo Microorganismos del suelo Calidad de suelo |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biologia de suelo Degradación de suelo Microorganismos del suelo Calidad de suelo |
| description |
Soils with appropriate water and air conditions improve microbiological activity, but agriculture frequently deteriorates soil’s physical requirements and impairs microbes’ survival. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical soil conditions and microbiological activity under different agricultural use and management systems in the warm tropical climate of Colombia. To evaluate physical soil conditions, bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Pt), macroporosity (MPt), water content, temperature, and mechanical penetration resistance (MPR) were measured on surface soil (0 to 10 cm) at three different use and management systems: irrigated rice (IR), pasture (P) and native forest with cacao (FC). The measured biological properties were the carbon of microbial biomass (C-MB) and the presence of bacteria and fungi. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined to calculate the microbiological quotient (MQ). The C-MB was significantly higher in FC (132.25) and P (148.11) but lower in IR (41.61). No significant differences were observed between the soil use system in the count of bacteria and fungi. The MQ (0.44) was higher in IR (0.22), revealing a significant effect of the soil use system on microbiological activity. Less anthropic intervention and permanent plant covers, such as FC and P, enhance microorganism’s survival, evidenced by higher C-MB content, correlated with soil Bd and MPt. The abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil is affected by the physical conditions, primarily by Pt and MPt. However, fungi survive better with less water content, existing a differentiated effect of the physical conditions of the soil. |
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2024 |
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2024-04-09T14:20:22Z |
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2024-04-09T14:20:22Z |
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2024-01-01 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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10.15446/rfnam.v77n1.107127 |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6861 |
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10.15446/rfnam.v77n1.107127 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 77(1): 10573-10583. 2024 |
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Vol.77 No.1 (2024) |
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10583 |
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1 (2024) |
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10573 |
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E. F. Visconti Moreno, I. G. Valenzuela Balcazar, and D. P. Agudelo Archila, “Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems”, Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 10573–10583, Jan. 2024. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
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12 Páginas |
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Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin |
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Medellín,Colombia |
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Visconti Moreno, Efrain Franciscoaee2e3476a13e1bde781d8d32a59cb84600Valenzuela Balcázar, Ibonne Geaneth711399b4f369d258e83eb7a2d3e12953600Agudelo Archila , Diana Paola e53e6039ef81e068325f5503216bdfa86002024-04-09T14:20:22Z2024-04-09T14:20:22Z2024-01-01https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/686110.15446/rfnam.v77n1.107127Soils with appropriate water and air conditions improve microbiological activity, but agriculture frequently deteriorates soil’s physical requirements and impairs microbes’ survival. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical soil conditions and microbiological activity under different agricultural use and management systems in the warm tropical climate of Colombia. To evaluate physical soil conditions, bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Pt), macroporosity (MPt), water content, temperature, and mechanical penetration resistance (MPR) were measured on surface soil (0 to 10 cm) at three different use and management systems: irrigated rice (IR), pasture (P) and native forest with cacao (FC). The measured biological properties were the carbon of microbial biomass (C-MB) and the presence of bacteria and fungi. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined to calculate the microbiological quotient (MQ). The C-MB was significantly higher in FC (132.25) and P (148.11) but lower in IR (41.61). No significant differences were observed between the soil use system in the count of bacteria and fungi. The MQ (0.44) was higher in IR (0.22), revealing a significant effect of the soil use system on microbiological activity. Less anthropic intervention and permanent plant covers, such as FC and P, enhance microorganism’s survival, evidenced by higher C-MB content, correlated with soil Bd and MPt. The abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil is affected by the physical conditions, primarily by Pt and MPt. However, fungi survive better with less water content, existing a differentiated effect of the physical conditions of the soil.Los suelos con condiciones apropiadas de agua y aire mejoran la actividad microbiológica, pero la agricultura frecuentemente deteriora las condiciones físicas del suelo, lo que perjudica la supervivencia de los microbios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre las condiciones físicas del suelo y la actividad microbiológica, bajo diferentes sistemas de uso y manejo agrícola en clima tropical cálido de Colombia. Para evaluar las condiciones físicas del suelo, se midieron la densidad aparente (Bd), la porosidad total (Pt), la macroporosidad (MPt), el contenido de agua, la temperatura y la resistencia mecánica a la penetración (MPR), en suelo superficial (0 a 10 cm) en tres sistemas de manejo: arroz irrigado (IR), pasto (P) y bosque nativo con cacao (FC). Se midió el carbono de la biomasa microbiana (C-MB), la presencia de bacterias y hongos. Se determinó el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) para calcular el cociente microbiológico (MQ). El C-MB fue significativamente mayor en FC (132,25) y P (148,11), pero menor en IR (41,61). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los sistemas de uso del suelo en el conteo de bacterias y el conteo de hongos. El MQ (0,44) fue mayor en IR (0,22), revelando un efecto significativo del sistema de uso del suelo sobre la actividad microbiológica. La menor intervención antrópica y la cobertura vegetal permanente, como FC y P, potencian los microorganismos, evidenciados por un mayor contenido de C-MB, que se correlaciona con el Bd y el MPt del suelo. La abundancia de bacterias y hongos es afectada por las condiciones físicas, especialmente por Pt y MPt. Sin embargo, los hongos sobreviven mejor con menor contenido de agua, existiendo un efecto diferenciado de las condiciones físicas del suelo.12 Páginasapplication/pdfengRevista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia MedellinMedellín,ColombiaRev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 77(1): 10573-10583. 2024Vol.77 No.1 (2024)105831 (2024)1057377E. F. Visconti Moreno, I. G. Valenzuela Balcazar, and D. P. Agudelo Archila, “Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systems”, Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 10573–10583, Jan. 2024.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/107127Evaluation of microorganisms response to soil physical conditions under different agriculture use systemsEvaluación de la respuesta de los microorganismos a las condiciones físicas del suelo en diferentes sistemas de uso agrícolaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Soil biologySoil degradationSoil microorganismsSoil qualityBiologia de sueloDegradación de sueloMicroorganismos del sueloCalidad de sueloAnderson T and Domsch K (1989) Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21: 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(89)90117-XAssis PC, Stone LF, Silveira AL, Oliveira JM et al (2017) Biological soil properties in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems. Revista Brasileira do Ciencia do Solo 41: e0160209. https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160209Brevik E, Cerdà A, Mataix-Soler J, Pereg L et al (2015) The interdisciplinary nature of soil. Soil 1: 117–129. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-117-2015Calvo P, Reymundo L and Zuñiga D (2008) Estudio de las poblaciones microbianas de la rizosfera del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en zonas altoandinas. Ecologia Aplicada 7: 141-148. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=34111584017Cui J and Holden N (2015) The relationship between soil microbial activity and microbial biomass, soil structure and grassland management. Soil and Tillage Research 146: 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.005Dalal R (1998) Soil microbial biomass—what do the numbers really mean?. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 24: 649-663. http://doi.org/10.1071/EA97142Dexter A (2004) Soil physical quality: Part I. Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma 120: 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.09.004Di-Ciocco C, Sandler R, Falco L and Coviella C (2014) Actividad microbiológica de un suelo sometido a distintos usos y su relación con variables físico-químicas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. 41: 73-85.FAO (2015) Suelos y biodiversidad. http://www.fao.org/3/ai4551s.pdfHernández DR and Lizarazo LM (2015) Bacterias heterótrofas y oligotróficas en zonas conservadas e intervenidas del páramo de la Cortadera, Boyacá, Colombia. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica 18: 475 - 483.Hernández L, Munive J, Sandoval E, Martínez D and Villegas M (2013) Efecto de las prácticas agrícolas sobre las poblaciones bacterianas del suelo en sistemas de cultivo en Chihuahua, México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 4: 353-365. http://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v4i3.1198IGAC - Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (2006a) Estudio general de suelos y zonificación de tierras del departamento Norte de Santander. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi, Bogotá.IGAC - Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (2006b) Métodos analíticos de laboratorio de suelos. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi, Bogotá.Iglesias M (2009) Estudio del carbono de la biomasa microbiana en suelos alterados. Lazaroa 29: 117–123. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27595986Ishak L, McHenry MT and Brown PH (2016) Soil compaction and its effects on soil microbial communities in Capsicum growing soil. Acta Horticulturae 1123: 123-130. http://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1123.17Kaschuk G, Alberton O and Hungria M (2010) Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in Brazilian ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.08.020Kaurin A, Miheliča R, Kasteleca D, Grčmana H et al (2018) Resilience of bacteria, archaea, fungi and N cycling microbial guilds under plough and conservation tillage, to agricultural drought. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120: 233 – 245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.02.007Lavelle P and Spain A (2001) Soil ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Lipiec J, Horn R, Pietrusiewicz J and Siczek A (2012) Effects of soil compaction on root elongation and anatomy of different cereal plant species. 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Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 20(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00162-4Zornoza R, Acosta J, Gabarrón M, Gómez-Garrido M et al (2018) Greenhouse gas emissions and soil organic matter dynamics in woody crop orchards with different irrigation regimes. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0002-7017-313Xaee2e3476a13e1bde781d8d32a59cb846000000-0002-1173-3133711399b4f369d258e83eb7a2d3e129536000000-0003-0174-0863e53e6039ef81e068325f5503216bdfa8600 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