Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends

In this work, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/plasticized starch (TPS) blends were prepared. The TPS employed in this study was obtained by plasticization of tapioca starch with a hyperbranched polyester polyol. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melting temperature increased...

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Autores:
Guzman, Manuel
Giraldo, Diego
Murillo, Edwin A.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1016
Acceso en línea:
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1016
https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.04816
Palabra clave:
LDPE
thermoplastic starch
blends
properties
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
title Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
spellingShingle Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
LDPE
thermoplastic starch
blends
properties
title_short Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
title_full Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
title_fullStr Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
title_full_unstemmed Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
title_sort Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Guzman, Manuel
Giraldo, Diego
Murillo, Edwin A.
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Guzman, Manuel
Giraldo, Diego
Murillo, Edwin A.
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv LDPE
thermoplastic starch
blends
properties
topic LDPE
thermoplastic starch
blends
properties
description In this work, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/plasticized starch (TPS) blends were prepared. The TPS employed in this study was obtained by plasticization of tapioca starch with a hyperbranched polyester polyol. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melting temperature increased with the TPS content. The opposite effect was exhibited in the crystallization temperature and additional changes were not observed during the heating. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a reduction in intensity of the peak at Bragg’s angle 17.5°, proving a diminution on A type crystallinity with the increasing amount of LDPE. Micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy exhibited starch granules without destructure. TPS acted as a filler to LDPE, since the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and tensile strength) improved ostensibly. The Young’ modulus and tensile strength decreased with the amount of LDPE, however, the elongation at break exhibited an opposite behavior.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-16T19:43:25Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-16T19:43:25Z
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https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.04816
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Polímeros
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.27 No.1.(2017)
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dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1 (2017)
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dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Guzmán, M., Giraldo, D., & Murillo, E. (2017). Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends. Polímeros, 27, 1-7.
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Polimeros
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Brasilia , Brasil
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spelling Guzman, Manuel224a97cf6dc8a6d289f069e5e9054812600Giraldo, Diego46c1642ae2b66e26b312e7b6d576ca04600Murillo, Edwin A.7ab07880daea21ce0ce8b90d2f638d956002021-11-16T19:43:25Z2021-11-16T19:43:25Z2017http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1016https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.04816In this work, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/plasticized starch (TPS) blends were prepared. The TPS employed in this study was obtained by plasticization of tapioca starch with a hyperbranched polyester polyol. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melting temperature increased with the TPS content. The opposite effect was exhibited in the crystallization temperature and additional changes were not observed during the heating. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a reduction in intensity of the peak at Bragg’s angle 17.5°, proving a diminution on A type crystallinity with the increasing amount of LDPE. Micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy exhibited starch granules without destructure. TPS acted as a filler to LDPE, since the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and tensile strength) improved ostensibly. The Young’ modulus and tensile strength decreased with the amount of LDPE, however, the elongation at break exhibited an opposite behavior.application/pdfengPolimerosBrasilia , BrasilPolímerosVol.27 No.1.(2017)71 (2017)127Guzmán, M., Giraldo, D., & Murillo, E. (2017). Hyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blends. Polímeros, 27, 1-7.PolímerosThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.scielo.br/j/po/a/DGYnRJNwsLDDTHf8p7rBVvB/?lang=en&format=htmlHyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starch/low density polyethylene blendsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85LDPEthermoplastic starchblendspropertiesRodriguez-Gonzalez, F. J., Ramsay, B. A., & Favis, B. D. (2003). High performance LDPE/thermoplastic starch blends: a sustainable alternative to pure polyethylene. Polymer, 44(5), 1517-1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00907-2Da Róz, A., Carvalho, A., Gandini, I. A., & Curvelo, A. (2006). The effect of plasticizers on thermoplastic starch compositions obtained by melt processing. Carbohydrate Polymers, 63(3), 417-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.09.017Chillo, S., Flores, S., Mastromatteo, M., Conte, A., Gerschenson, L., & Del Nobile, M. A. (2008). Influence of glycerol and chitosan on tapioca starch-based edible film properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(2), 159-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.02.002Ma, X. F., Yu, J. G., & Wan, J. J. (2006). Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch. Carbohydrate Polymers, 64(2), 267-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.042Yang, J., Yu, J., & Ma, X. (2006). Study on the properties of ethylenebisformamide and sorbitol plasticized corn starch (ESPTPS). Carbohydrate Polymers, 66(1), 110-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.029Murillo, E. A., Cardona, A., & López, B. L. (2011). Rheological behavior in the molten state and solution of hyperbranched polyester of fourth and fifth generation. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 119(2), 929-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32774Murillo, E. A., Vallejo, P. P., & López, B. L. (2010). Characterization of hydroxylated hyperbranched polyesters of fourth and fifth generation. E-Polymers, 120(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1347Murillo, E. A., Vallejo, P. P., Sierra, L., & López, B. L. (2009). Characterization of hyperbranched polyol polyesters based on 2,2-bis (methylol propionic acid) and pentaerythritol. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112(1), 200-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29397Murillo, E. A., Vallejo, P. P., & López, B. L. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched alkyd resins based on tall oil fatty acids. Progress in Organic Coatings, 69(3), 235-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.04.018Sailaja, R. R. N., & Seetharamu, S. (2008). Itaconic acid - grafted - LDPE as compatibilizer for LDPE - plasticized Tapioca starch blends. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68(4), 831-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.12.003Guzmán, M., & Murillo, E. A. (2014). Funcionalización de polietileno de baja densidad con anhídrido maleico en estado fundido. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 24(2), 162-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2014.034St-Pierre, N., Favis, B. D., Ramsay, B. A., Ramsay, J. A., & Verhoogt, H. (1997). Processing and characterization of thermoplastic starch/polyethylene blends. Polymer, 38(3), 647-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(97)81176-7Halley, P. J., Truss, R. W., Markotsis, M. G., Chaleat, C., Russo, M., Sargent, A. L., Tan, I., & Sopade, P. A. (2007). Review of biodegradable thermoplastic starch polymers. ACS Symposium Series, 978, 287-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0978.ch024Pedroso, A., & Rosa, D. (2005). Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of recycled LDPE/corn starch blends. Carbohydrate Polymers, 59(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.08.018Ning, W., Jiugao, Y., Xiaofei, M., & Ying, W. (2007). The influence of citric acid on the properties of thermoplastic starch/linear low-density polyethylene blends. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67(3), 446-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.06.014Garg, S., & Jana, A. K. (2007). Studies on the properties and characteristics of starch-LDPE blend films using cross-linked, glycerol modified, cross-linked and glycerol modified starch. European Polymer Journal, 43(9), 3976-3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.030Guzmán, M., & Murillo, E. A. (2015). The properties of blends of maleic - anhydride - grafted polyethylene and thermoplastic starch using hyperbranched polyester polyol as a plasticizer. Polymer Engineering and Science, 55(11), 2526-2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24143Zaky, M. T., & Mohamed, N. H. (2010). Influence of low-density polyethylene on the thermal characteristics and crystallinity of high melting point macro- and micro-crystalline waxes. Thermochimica Acta, 499(1-2), 79-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2009.11.005Pushpadass, H. A., Bhandari, P., & Hanna, M. A. (2010). Effects of LDPE and glycerol contents and compounding on the microstructure and properties of starch composite films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(4), 1082-1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.032Mandani, M. (2010). Structure, optical and thermal decomposition characters of LDPE graft copolymers synthesized by gamma irradiation. 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Polymer, 37(21), 4723-4728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00319-9ORIGINALHyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starchlow density polyethylene blends.pdfHyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starchlow density polyethylene blends.pdfapplication/pdf1713966https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1016/1/Hyperbranched%20polyester%20polyol%20plasticized%20tapioca%20starchlow%20density%20polyethylene%20blends.pdfe3bbdcfa68eb367f3c16f81ed3050cf2MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1016/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTHyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starchlow density polyethylene blends.pdf.txtHyperbranched polyester polyol plasticized tapioca starchlow density polyethylene blends.pdf.txtExtracted 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0003-2722-7259224a97cf6dc8a6d289f069e5e90548126000000-0002-0617-23277ab07880daea21ce0ce8b90d2f638d95600