The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp.
This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s −1 ), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE respectively) from a novel thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. Results show...
- Autores:
-
Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo
Lidueñez Ballesteros, Valentina S.
Rodríguez Bohórquez, Angie D.
García-Martinez, Janet
Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres
López Barrera, German Luciano
Barajas Solano, andres F
Samantha J., Bryan
ZUORRO, Antonio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6870
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6870
- Palabra clave:
- light:dark cycle
light intensity
light quality
C-PC
photosynthesis
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| title |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| spellingShingle |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. light:dark cycle light intensity light quality C-PC photosynthesis |
| title_short |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| title_full |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| title_fullStr |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| title_sort |
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo Lidueñez Ballesteros, Valentina S. Rodríguez Bohórquez, Angie D. García-Martinez, Janet Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres López Barrera, German Luciano Barajas Solano, andres F Samantha J., Bryan ZUORRO, Antonio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo Lidueñez Ballesteros, Valentina S. Rodríguez Bohórquez, Angie D. García-Martinez, Janet Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres López Barrera, German Luciano Barajas Solano, andres F Samantha J., Bryan ZUORRO, Antonio |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
light:dark cycle light intensity light quality C-PC photosynthesis |
| topic |
light:dark cycle light intensity light quality C-PC photosynthesis |
| description |
This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s −1 ), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE respectively) from a novel thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. Results show that a mixture of white with blue/red LEDs can effectively double the biomass concentration up to 1.3 g/L, while the concentration of the selected phycobiliproteins increased proportionally to biomass. Results also indicate that high light intensities (>120 µmol m−2 s −1 ) can diminish the final concentration of C-PC, APC, and PE, significantly reducing the overall biomass produced. Finally, the photoperiod analysis showed that longer light exposure times (18:6 h) improved both biomass and phycobiliproteins concentration. These results demonstrate that the application of LEDs to produce a novel strain of Oscillatoria sp can double the biomass concentration, and the photoperiod regulation can eventually enhance the final concentration of specific phycobiliproteins such as APC and PE. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-17 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-04-10T16:40:21Z |
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2024-04-10T16:40:21Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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publishedVersion |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6870 |
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/10.3390/app122211664 |
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https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6870 |
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/10.3390/app122211664 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
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Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 11664. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211664 |
| dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vol.12 No. 22 (2022) |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
14 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
22 (2022) |
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1 |
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12 |
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Contreras-Ropero, J.E.; Lidueñez-Ballesteros, V.S.; Rodríguez-Bohórquez, A.D.; García-Martínez, J.B.; Urbina-Suarez, N.A.; López-Barrera, G.L.; BarajasSolano, A.F.; Bryan, S.J.; Zuorro, A. The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 11664. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app122211664 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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openAccess |
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14 Páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Applied Sciences (Switzerland) |
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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11664 |
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Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander |
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Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo14643edabc8451f3e53932a0a299b372600Lidueñez Ballesteros, Valentina S.a49e928bc1b6a6dcf8c843c81f29ae01Rodríguez Bohórquez, Angie D.ba542f4e4d2bd883106dc50f34cdb8eaGarcía-Martinez, Janet80edb67ba4cf51c8ef0d2bf62e0faa4d600Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres3e8ce1897f5d9382bb88755e9ec9cb96600López Barrera, German Luciano332ac6b52127580d0633e118d7f54cb8600Barajas Solano, andres F7237a5ca918751f9d045f15b62fd2f1f600Samantha J., Bryana97c7beee8da1dd46cf3cb317ff3dd66ZUORRO, Antonio1d9ebb9bdc0d09156364b9fd1169276a6002024-04-10T16:40:21Z2024-04-10T16:40:21Z2022-11-17https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6870/10.3390/app122211664This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s −1 ), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE respectively) from a novel thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. Results show that a mixture of white with blue/red LEDs can effectively double the biomass concentration up to 1.3 g/L, while the concentration of the selected phycobiliproteins increased proportionally to biomass. Results also indicate that high light intensities (>120 µmol m−2 s −1 ) can diminish the final concentration of C-PC, APC, and PE, significantly reducing the overall biomass produced. Finally, the photoperiod analysis showed that longer light exposure times (18:6 h) improved both biomass and phycobiliproteins concentration. These results demonstrate that the application of LEDs to produce a novel strain of Oscillatoria sp can double the biomass concentration, and the photoperiod regulation can eventually enhance the final concentration of specific phycobiliproteins such as APC and PE.14 Páginasapplication/pdfengApplied Sciences (Switzerland)Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 11664. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211664Vol.12 No. 22 (2022)1422 (2022)112Contreras-Ropero, J.E.; Lidueñez-Ballesteros, V.S.; Rodríguez-Bohórquez, A.D.; García-Martínez, J.B.; Urbina-Suarez, N.A.; López-Barrera, G.L.; BarajasSolano, A.F.; Bryan, S.J.; Zuorro, A. The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 11664. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app122211664under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11664The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp.Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85light:dark cyclelight intensitylight qualityC-PCphotosynthesisZuorro, A.; Leal-Jerez, A.G.; Morales-Rivas, L.K.; Mogollón-Londoño, S.O.; Sanchez-Galvis, E.M.; García-Martínez, J.B.; BarajasSolano, A.F. Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria Sp. through Media Optimization. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 10527–10536. [CrossRef]Zuorro, A.; Lavecchia, R.; Maffei, G.; Marra, F.; Miglietta, S.; Petrangeli, A.; Familiari, G.; Valente, T. Enhanced lipid extraction from unbroken microalgal cells using enzymes. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2015, 43, 211–216. [CrossRef]Barajas-Solano, A.F.; Guzmán-Monsalve, A.; Kafarov, V. Effect of Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio for the Biomass Production, Hydrocarbons and Lipids on Botryoccus braunii UIS 003. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2016, 49, 247–252. [CrossRef]García-Martínez, J.B.; Ayala-Torres, E.; Reyes-Gómez, O.; Zuorro, A.; Andrés, F.; Barajas-Solano, B.; Crisóstomo, C.; BarajasFerreira, B. Evaluation of a Two-Phase Extraction System of Carbohydrates and Proteins from Chlorella vulgaris Utex 1803. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2016, 49, 355–360. [CrossRef]Zuorro, A.; Maffei, G.; Lavecchia, R. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GA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