The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production

In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for successful algae growth, the effect of wastewater replenishment with NO3 , PO4 , a...

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Autores:
García Martínez, Janet B.
Sanchez Tobos, Leidy P.
Carvajal Albarracin, Nicolaz A
Barajas Solano, andres F
Barajas Ferreira, Crisostomo
Kafarov, Viatcheslav
ZUORRO, Antonio
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6567
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6567
https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749
Palabra clave:
Oreochromis sp
protein
lipids
carbohydrates
Scenedesmus
Chlorella
inland fisheries
Rights
openAccess
License
© 2022 by the authors
id RUFPS2_8ef4de259b1add2a33b835db1bfce26b
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network_acronym_str RUFPS2
network_name_str Repositorio Digital UFPS
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
title The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
spellingShingle The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
Oreochromis sp
protein
lipids
carbohydrates
Scenedesmus
Chlorella
inland fisheries
title_short The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
title_full The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
title_fullStr The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
title_full_unstemmed The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
title_sort The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
dc.creator.fl_str_mv García Martínez, Janet B.
Sanchez Tobos, Leidy P.
Carvajal Albarracin, Nicolaz A
Barajas Solano, andres F
Barajas Ferreira, Crisostomo
Kafarov, Viatcheslav
ZUORRO, Antonio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv García Martínez, Janet B.
Sanchez Tobos, Leidy P.
Carvajal Albarracin, Nicolaz A
Barajas Solano, andres F
Barajas Ferreira, Crisostomo
Kafarov, Viatcheslav
ZUORRO, Antonio
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Water
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Oreochromis sp
protein
lipids
carbohydrates
Scenedesmus
Chlorella
inland fisheries
topic Oreochromis sp
protein
lipids
carbohydrates
Scenedesmus
Chlorella
inland fisheries
description In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for successful algae growth, the effect of wastewater replenishment with NO3 , PO4 , and Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 as a carbon source was analyzed using a three-factor nonfactorial response surface design. The results showed that the addition of NaNO3 (0.125 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.075 g/L), KH2PO4 (0.75 g/L), and NaHCO3 (0.5 and 2 g/L for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. respectively) significantly increased the biomass of Chlorella sp. (0.87 g/L) and Scenedesmus sp. (0.83 g/L). Although these results show that the addition of other nutrients is not necessary (Na, Mg, SO4 , Ca, etc.), it is still essential to determine the quality of the biomass produced in terms of its application as a feed supplement for fish production.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T20:16:35Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T20:16:35Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-02-26
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6567
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6567
https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Water. Vol 14 No°5[2022]
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 14 No° 5 [2022]
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 16
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 5[2022]
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 14
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv García-Martínez, J.B.; Sanchez-Tobos, L.P.; CarvajalAlbarracín, N.A.; Barajas-Solano, A.F.; Barajas-Ferreira, C.; Kafarov, V.; Zuorro, A. The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production. Water 2022, 14, 749. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Water
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv © 2022 by the authors
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dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
rights_invalid_str_mv © 2022 by the authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 16
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Water
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Suiza
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institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling García Martínez, Janet B.70ce7f5ecbb77e5dc762cbf174611c92Sanchez Tobos, Leidy P.16d468da1b35fe76297eebc3b6ef57bfCarvajal Albarracin, Nicolaz A f1a1306aa02962b7b8f3b1fd03a143b5600Barajas Solano, andres F7237a5ca918751f9d045f15b62fd2f1f600Barajas Ferreira, Crisostomob24be6fe3bd8009025802525c8ffcaffKafarov, Viatcheslavf86d2dc4c1d27c4a3788f8315493ec67600ZUORRO, Antonio1d9ebb9bdc0d09156364b9fd1169276a600Water2022-11-21T20:16:35Z2022-11-21T20:16:35Z2022-02-26https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6567https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for successful algae growth, the effect of wastewater replenishment with NO3 , PO4 , and Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 as a carbon source was analyzed using a three-factor nonfactorial response surface design. The results showed that the addition of NaNO3 (0.125 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.075 g/L), KH2PO4 (0.75 g/L), and NaHCO3 (0.5 and 2 g/L for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. respectively) significantly increased the biomass of Chlorella sp. (0.87 g/L) and Scenedesmus sp. (0.83 g/L). Although these results show that the addition of other nutrients is not necessary (Na, Mg, SO4 , Ca, etc.), it is still essential to determine the quality of the biomass produced in terms of its application as a feed supplement for fish production.16application/pdfengWaterSuizaWater. Vol 14 No°5[2022]Vol. 14 No° 5 [2022]165[2022]114García-Martínez, J.B.; Sanchez-Tobos, L.P.; CarvajalAlbarracín, N.A.; Barajas-Solano, A.F.; Barajas-Ferreira, C.; Kafarov, V.; Zuorro, A. The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production. Water 2022, 14, 749. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14050749Water© 2022 by the authorshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125646621&doi=10.3390%2fw14050749&origin=inward&txGid=d6c3f883b591caa1abcaff8e7abfc7f6The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass ProductionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Oreochromis spproteinlipidscarbohydratesScenedesmusChlorellainland fisheriesFAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GA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