Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the l...

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Autores:
Contreras Rojas, Mayra
Guerra Guzmán, Dilmer Gabriel
SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
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Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6804
Palabra clave:
diallel analysis
additive effects
dominant effects
epistasis
genetic parameters
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Esta Bajo una licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
title Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
spellingShingle Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
diallel analysis
additive effects
dominant effects
epistasis
genetic parameters
title_short Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
title_full Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
title_fullStr Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
title_full_unstemmed Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
title_sort Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Contreras Rojas, Mayra
Guerra Guzmán, Dilmer Gabriel
SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Contreras Rojas, Mayra
Guerra Guzmán, Dilmer Gabriel
SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv diallel analysis
additive effects
dominant effects
epistasis
genetic parameters
topic diallel analysis
additive effects
dominant effects
epistasis
genetic parameters
description . For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H1 < H2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H2 /4H1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2 ) for most characters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-04
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-04-03T15:35:23Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-04-03T15:35:23Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6804
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124
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identifier_str_mv 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Contreras-Rojas M., Guzmán D.G.G., Salazar Mercado S.A. Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2023;184(3):116-124. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.184 N°. 3 (2023)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 124
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 3 (2023)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 116
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 184
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dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
rights_invalid_str_mv Esta Bajo una licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 10 Páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Rusia
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1657
institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Contreras Rojas, Mayrade1f86a329e62c75b8f861a6c5305684Guerra Guzmán, Dilmer Gabrieledfc14b03f036cb2b42d171ec922df2e600SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIOd3fe7e1ec57f59c892212006893d7af16002024-04-03T15:35:23Z2024-04-03T15:35:23Z2023-09-04https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/680410.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H1 < H2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H2 /4H1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2 ) for most characters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.10 Páginasapplication/pdfengProceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and BreedingRusiaContreras-Rojas M., Guzmán D.G.G., Salazar Mercado S.A. Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2023;184(3):116-124. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124Vol.184 N°. 3 (2023)1243 (2023)116184Esta Bajo una licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1657Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85diallel analysisadditive effectsdominant effectsepistasisgenetic parametersAgronet. Estadísticas agrícolas nacionales. 2020. [en español] Disponible en: www.agronet.gov.co [consultado dic. 11, 2022].Arunga EE, Van Rheenen HA, Owuoche JO Análisis dialel de variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para detectar rasgos importantes. Revista Africana de Investigación Agrícola. 2010;5(15):1951-1957.Barelli MAA, Vidigal MCG, do Amaral Júnior AT, Vidigal Filho PS, Silvério L. Control genético del número de días hasta la floración y componentes del rendimiento en frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Acta Scientiarum. Agronomía. 1999;21(3):423-427. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v21i0.4252Chung JH, Stevenson E. Análisis dialel de la variación genética en algunos rasgos cuantitativos en frijoles secos. Revista de Investigación Agrícola de Nueva Zelanda. 1973;16(2):223-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1973.10421139Cruz CD Programa GENES. Aplicativo Computacional em Genética y Estadística. Universidad Federal de Viçosa; 2020. 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Genética. 1960;45(2):155-172. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/45.2.155Iqbal AM, Nehvi FA, Wani SA, Henna Q., Dar ZA, Lone AA Estudios genéticos en relación con el rendimiento y los rasgos de calidad en rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Revista de fitomejoramiento y ciencia de cultivos. 2011;3(1):8-13. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS.9000064Islam AK, Jahan MM, Newaz MA Análisis dialel de la acción genética en frijoles secos (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Revista de Bangladesh sobre fitomejoramiento y genética. 2006;19(2):07-14.Krause W., Rodrigues R., Leal NR Capacidade combinatória para características agronômicas em feijão-de-vagem. Revista Ciencia Agronómica. 2012;43(3):522-531. [en portugués] https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902012000300015Mather K., Jinks JL Genética biométrica, el estudio de la variación continua. 3ª edición. Londres; Nueva York, Nueva York: Chapman y Hall; mil novecientos ochenta y dos.Nayak NJ, Maurya PK, Maji A., Mandal AR, Chattopadhyay A. Combinación de capacidad y control genético del rendimiento de vainas y rasgos de los componentes en frijoles dolichos. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Vegetales. 2018;24(4):390-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2018.1423598Ortiz S., Valdés-Restrepo MP, Vallejo FA Efecto de la endocría sobre habilidad combinatoria del rendimiento y calidad en zapallo (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). Revista UDCA Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. 2020;23(1):1-10. [en español] https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1176Owusu EY, Mohammed H, Manigben KA, AdjebengDanquah J, Kusi F, Karikari B et al. Análisis dialélico y heredabilidad del rendimiento de grano, componentes del rendimiento y rasgos de madurez en caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). La revista científica mundial. 2020;2020:9390287. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9390287Rocha FD, Stinghen JC, Gemeli MS, Coimbra JLM, Guidolin AF El análisis dialel como herramienta en la selección de padres para frijol. Revista Ciencia Agronómica. 2014;45(1):74-81. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902014000100010Rodrigues EV, Damasceno-Silva KJ, Rocha M., Bastos EA, Dos Santos A. Análisis dialélico de tolerancia a la sequía en genotipos de caupí. Revista Caatinga. 2018;31(1):40-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n105rcRodrigues EV, Damasceno-Silva KJ, Rocha MM, Bastos EA Análisis dialélico para obtener poblaciones de caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) tolerantes al déficit hídrico. Genética e Investigación Molecular. 2016;15(2):15027996. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15027996Rodrigues R., Leal NR, Pereira MG Análisis dialélico de seis características agronómicas en Phaseolus vulgaris L. Bragantia. 1998;57(2):241-250. [en portugués] https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87051998000200005Singh RK, Chaudhary BD Métodos biométricos en análisis genético cuantitativo. Nueva Delhi; 1999.Vallejo FA, Estrada EI Mejoramiento genético de plantas. 2da ed. Santiago de Cali: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira; 2013. [en español]Vencovsky R., Barriga P. Genetica biométrica no fitomelhoramento. Ribeirão Preto: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética; 1992. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0002-4727-491Xedfc14b03f036cb2b42d171ec922df2e6000000-0002-3287-703Xd3fe7e1ec57f59c892212006893d7af1600