Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure

. The present research aims to evaluate the physicochemical variables involved in the anaerobic digestion process to produce methane from manure on an agricultural farm; the farm has 2 equines that generate 12 Kg of manure per day. A manure sample was collected, and the following physicochemical par...

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Autores:
Sanchez-Beltrán, J M
Acevedo-Páez, J C
Moreno Gamboa, F
Tipo de recurso:
Conferencia (Ponencia)
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6530
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6530
Palabra clave:
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openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
spellingShingle Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title_short Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title_full Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title_fullStr Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
title_sort Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sanchez-Beltrán, J M
Acevedo-Páez, J C
Moreno Gamboa, F
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sanchez-Beltrán, J M
Acevedo-Páez, J C
Moreno Gamboa, F
description . The present research aims to evaluate the physicochemical variables involved in the anaerobic digestion process to produce methane from manure on an agricultural farm; the farm has 2 equines that generate 12 Kg of manure per day. A manure sample was collected, and the following physicochemical parameters were determined: total solids, volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, and pH. A tubular household biodigester was then implemented, consisting mainly of a polyethylene geomembrane that stores the organic matter and in which anaerobic digestion takes place. The performance of the biodigester was determined by the removal of organic matter quantified by volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand in the biodigester influent and digestate, of which removal of 82% of volatile solids and 74% of chemical oxygen demand was achieved. The average biogas production was 0.5 m3 /day, and its lower heating value was 26,000 kJ/m3 . The pH level of the biodigester was within the range of 6-7, in order to keep the methanogenic bacteria active, in charge of carrying out physicochemical process that guarantees anaerobic digestion and thus, the production of biogas.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-17T22:17:21Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-17T22:17:21Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Documento de Conferencia
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6530
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012009
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6530
identifier_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012009
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol.2139 No 1 (2021)
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv J M Sanchez-Beltrán et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2139 012009
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dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 8 Pàginas
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012009/meta
institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Sanchez-Beltrán, J M9442f8a242b836ea172f155252ff366dAcevedo-Páez, J Cd81ad1e499962b907afeda8f8a5ee99eMoreno Gamboa, F413d0da8e14bfbecbd2790232bd842812022-11-17T22:17:21Z2022-11-17T22:17:21Z2021https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/653010.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012009. The present research aims to evaluate the physicochemical variables involved in the anaerobic digestion process to produce methane from manure on an agricultural farm; the farm has 2 equines that generate 12 Kg of manure per day. A manure sample was collected, and the following physicochemical parameters were determined: total solids, volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, and pH. A tubular household biodigester was then implemented, consisting mainly of a polyethylene geomembrane that stores the organic matter and in which anaerobic digestion takes place. The performance of the biodigester was determined by the removal of organic matter quantified by volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand in the biodigester influent and digestate, of which removal of 82% of volatile solids and 74% of chemical oxygen demand was achieved. The average biogas production was 0.5 m3 /day, and its lower heating value was 26,000 kJ/m3 . The pH level of the biodigester was within the range of 6-7, in order to keep the methanogenic bacteria active, in charge of carrying out physicochemical process that guarantees anaerobic digestion and thus, the production of biogas.8 Pàginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesJournal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol.2139 No 1 (2021)J M Sanchez-Beltrán et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2139 012009https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012009/metaAnalysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manureDocumento de Conferenciahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8544http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94fEventinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjecthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ECinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) 2020 Censo Pecuario Nacional (Colombia: Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural)Martí-Herrero J 2019 Biodigestores Tubulares: Guía de Diseño y Manual de Instalación (Ecuador: Redbiolac)Lohuis H 1990 Does liquid manure spread weeds and bacteria PSP Pflanzenschutz Praxis 0 28Kafle G K and Chen L 2016 Comparison on batch anaerobic digestion of five different livestock manures and prediction of biochemical methane potential (BMP) using different statistical models Waste Management 48 492Pavlostathis S G and Giraldo-Gomez E 1991 Kinetics of anaerobic treatment Water Science and Technology 24 35Pinos-Rodríguez J M, García-López J C, Peña-Avelino L Y, Rendón-Huerta J A, González-González C and Tristán-Patiño F 2012 Impactos y regulaciones ambientales del estiércol generado por los sistemas ganaderos de algunos países de América Agrociencia 46 359The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2008 Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report (Sweden: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)Baird R B, Eaton A D, Rice E W and Bridgewater L L 2017 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Washington: American Public Health Association)Purser B J, Thai S M, Fritz T, Esteves S R, Dinsdale R M and Guwy A J 2014 An improved titration model reducing over estimation of total volatile fatty acids in anaerobic digestion of energy crop, animal slurry and food waste Water Research 61 162Castro L, Escalante H, Jaimes-Estévez J, Díaz L J, Vecino K, Rojas G and Mantilla L 2017 Low cost digester monitoring under realistic conditions: rural use of biogas and digestate quality Bioresource Technology 239 311Poh P E and Chong M F 2009 Development of anaerobic digestion methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment Bioresource Technology 100 1Garfí M, Gelman P, Comas J, Carrasco W and Ferrer I 2011 Agricultural reuse of the digestate from low-cost tubular digesters in rural Andean communities Waste Management 31 2584Lansing S, Víquez J, Martínez H, Botero R and Martin J 2008 Quantifying electricity generation and waste transformations in a low-cost, plug-flow anaerobic digestion system Ecological Engineering 34 332Martí-Herrero J, Alvarez R, Cespedes R, Rojas M R, Conde V, Aliaga L, Balboa M and Danov S 2015 Cow, sheep and llama manure at psychrophilic anaerobic co-digestion with low cost tubular digesters in cold climate and high altitude Bioresource Technology 181 238Søndergaard M M, Fotidis I A, Kovalovszki A and Angelidaki I 2015 Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural byproducts with manure for enhanced biogas production Energy Fuels 29 8088Risberg K, Cederlund H, Pell M, Arthurson V and Schnürer A 2017 Comparative characterization of digestate versus pig slurry and cow manure - chemical composition and effects on soil microbial activity Waste Management 61 529Raposo F et al 2011 Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic substrates: evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability using data from an international interlaboratory study Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 86 1088Martí-Herrero J, Ceron M, Garcia R, Pracejus L, Alvarez R and Cipriano X 2015 The influence of users' behavior on biogas production from low cost tubular digesters: a technical and socio-cultural field analysis Energy for Sustainable Development 27 73Hernández L A 1996 Tecnologías para el aprovechamiento del gas producido por la digestión anaeróbica de la materia orgánica Agronomía Colombiana 13 76An B X, Preston T R and Dolberg F 1997 The introduction of low-cost polyethylene tube biodigesters on small scale farms in Vietnam Livestock Research for Rural Development 9 27ORIGINALSanchez-Beltrán_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2139_012009.pdfSanchez-Beltrán_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2139_012009.pdfapplication/pdf700887https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6530/1/Sanchez-Beltr%c3%a1n_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2139_012009.pdf3f7897a21ee4a7903aab4659d11b4aecMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6530/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTSanchez-Beltrán_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2139_012009.pdf.txtSanchez-Beltrán_2021_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._2139_012009.pdf.txtExtracted 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
