Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin
The treatment of waters using filtering process through sintered porous ceramics based on diatomite and kaolin is reported. The water samples were prepared in low = 50%, medium = 100% and high = 150% concentrations, taking as reference point the maximum value allowed according to the resolution 2115...
- Autores:
-
MOGOLLON CUELLAR, ZULMA YARLEY
Silva Rivero, Yobana Iris Ney
Peña Rodriguez, Gabriel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1467
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1467
https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.88366
- Palabra clave:
- Water treatment
Porous ceramics
Diatomite
Kaolin
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| title |
Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| spellingShingle |
Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin Water treatment Porous ceramics Diatomite Kaolin |
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Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| title_full |
Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| title_fullStr |
Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
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Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| title_sort |
Water treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
MOGOLLON CUELLAR, ZULMA YARLEY Silva Rivero, Yobana Iris Ney Peña Rodriguez, Gabriel |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
MOGOLLON CUELLAR, ZULMA YARLEY Silva Rivero, Yobana Iris Ney Peña Rodriguez, Gabriel |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Water treatment Porous ceramics Diatomite Kaolin |
| topic |
Water treatment Porous ceramics Diatomite Kaolin |
| description |
The treatment of waters using filtering process through sintered porous ceramics based on diatomite and kaolin is reported. The water samples were prepared in low = 50%, medium = 100% and high = 150% concentrations, taking as reference point the maximum value allowed according to the resolution 2115 - 2007. The treated parameters were alkalinity; hardness to calcium, magnesium and total; chlorides; sulfates and total iron. The porous ceramics were formed by slip casting in plaster mold, from pastes with weight percentage of 50% recycled diatomite from the beer industry, 40% kaolin and 10% calcium carbonate. The particle sizes of the ceramic powders were the passed through ASTM 200 sieve. The drying of the ceramics was carried out at room temperature for 24 h, then by forced circulation oven Memmert UF-110 at 100 ° C for an equal time. The sintering of the ceramics was carried out in Vulcan D-130 electric muffle, at a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C for two hours, with a heating ramp of 10 ° C/min. The morphology of the ceramics was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the physic ceramic analyses was evaluated according to ISO 10545-3 standard. Our results, reported what porous ceramics efficiency for the removal of chlorides up to 50%, while elimination of sulfates was approximately 43%, on the other hand, the total iron was removed up to 95%, likewise,it was evidenced that ceramics are not efficient in the treatment of hardness and alkalinity of waters with high concentrations |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-09-06 |
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2021-11-26T20:51:15Z |
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2021-11-26T20:51:15Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Text |
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http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1467 |
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https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.88366 |
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http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1467 https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.88366 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Contemporary Engineering Sciences |
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Vol.11 No.75.(2018) |
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3738 |
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75 (2018) |
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3729 |
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11 |
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Mogollón-Cuellar, Z., Silva-Rivero, Y., & Peña-Rodríguez, G. (2018). Water Treatment Using Porous Ceramics Based on Recycled Diatomite and Kaolin. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 11(75), 3729-3738. |
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Contemporary Engineering Sciences |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Contemporary Engineering Sciences |
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Sofia , Bulgaria |
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MOGOLLON CUELLAR, ZULMA YARLEYe933704efc56c3134193c666f1d7dfca600Silva Rivero, Yobana Iris Ney6ca2d861431d9332fac8d0081fc5a9cc600Peña Rodriguez, Gabriel4eaba0408a3f49f82929dc957fa8eee16002021-11-26T20:51:15Z2021-11-26T20:51:15Z2018-09-06http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1467https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.88366The treatment of waters using filtering process through sintered porous ceramics based on diatomite and kaolin is reported. The water samples were prepared in low = 50%, medium = 100% and high = 150% concentrations, taking as reference point the maximum value allowed according to the resolution 2115 - 2007. The treated parameters were alkalinity; hardness to calcium, magnesium and total; chlorides; sulfates and total iron. The porous ceramics were formed by slip casting in plaster mold, from pastes with weight percentage of 50% recycled diatomite from the beer industry, 40% kaolin and 10% calcium carbonate. The particle sizes of the ceramic powders were the passed through ASTM 200 sieve. The drying of the ceramics was carried out at room temperature for 24 h, then by forced circulation oven Memmert UF-110 at 100 ° C for an equal time. The sintering of the ceramics was carried out in Vulcan D-130 electric muffle, at a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C for two hours, with a heating ramp of 10 ° C/min. The morphology of the ceramics was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the physic ceramic analyses was evaluated according to ISO 10545-3 standard. Our results, reported what porous ceramics efficiency for the removal of chlorides up to 50%, while elimination of sulfates was approximately 43%, on the other hand, the total iron was removed up to 95%, likewise,it was evidenced that ceramics are not efficient in the treatment of hardness and alkalinity of waters with high concentrationsapplication/pdfengContemporary Engineering SciencesSofia , BulgariaContemporary Engineering SciencesVol.11 No.75.(2018)373875 (2018)372911Mogollón-Cuellar, Z., Silva-Rivero, Y., & Peña-Rodríguez, G. (2018). Water Treatment Using Porous Ceramics Based on Recycled Diatomite and Kaolin. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 11(75), 3729-3738.Contemporary Engineering SciencesCopyright © 2018 Zulma Yarley Mogollon- Cuellar, Yobana Iris Ney Silva-Rivero and Gabriel Pena-Rodriguez. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://www.m-hikari.com/ces/ces2018/ces73-76-2018/88366.htmlWater treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolinArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Water treatmentPorous ceramicsDiatomiteKaolinYiheng Chen, Dawei Han, Water quality monitoring in smart city: A pilot Project, Automation in Construction, 89 (2018), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.02.008S. Behmel, M. Damour, R. Ludwig, M.J. Rodriguez, Participative approach to elicit water quality monitoring needs from stakeholder groups e Anapplication of integrated watershed management, Journal of Environmental Management, 218 (2018), 540-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.076S'phamandla Mhlongo, Paul T. Mativenga, Annlize Marnewick, Water quality in a mining and water-stressed region, Journal of Cleaner Production, 171 (2018), 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.030Vitaly Gitis, Nicholas Hankins, Water treatment chemicals: Trends and challenges, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 25 (2018), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.06.003Changhui Wang, Yu Wu, Leilei Bai, Yaqian Zhao, Zaisheng Yan, Helong Jiang, Xin Liu, Recycling of drinking water treatment residue as an additional medium in columns for effective P removal from eutrophic surface water, Journal of Environmental Management, 217 (2018), 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.128Lydon Alexandrou, Barry J. Meehan, Oliver A.H. Jones, Regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in recycled waters, Science of the Total Environment, 637–638 (2018), 1607–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.391Gashaw Dessalew, Abebe Beyene, Amsalu Nebiyu, Morgan L. Ruelle, Use of industrial diatomite wastes from beer production to improve soil fertility and cereal yields, Journal of Cleaner Production, 157 (2017), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.116J. Gómez, M.L.A. Gil, N. de la Rosa-Fox, M. Alguacil, Formation of siliceous sediments in brandy after diatomite filtration, Food Chemistry, 170 (2015), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.028S. Moradi, D. Moseley, F. Hrach, A. Gupta, Electrostatic beneficiation of diatomaceous earth, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 169 (2017), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2017.11.008Debarati Mukherjee, Priyankari Bhattacharya, Animesh Jana, Sandipan Bhattacharya, Subhendu Sarkar, Sourja Ghosh, Swachchha Majumdar, Snehasikta Swarnakar, Synthesis of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane and application in membrane bioreactor process for pesticide remediation from wastewater, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 116 (2018), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.01.010Valentina I. Loganina, Evgenij E. Simonov, Walery Jezierski, Dorota Małaszkiewicz, Application of activated diatomite for dry lime mixes, Construction and Building Materials, 65 (2014), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.098Trung-Dung Dang, Arghya Narayan Banerjee, Quang-Tung Tran, Sudipta Roy, Fast degradation of dyes in water using manganese oxide-coated diatomite for environmental remediation, Journal of Physical and Chemistry of Solids, 98 (2016), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2016.06.006Farid Akhtar, Yaser Rehman, Lennart Bergström, A study of the sintering of diatomaceous earth to produce porous ceramic monoliths with bimodal porosity and high strength, Powder Technology, 201 (2010), 253–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.04.004Corredor Rodríguez Jorge, Moeno Laura Yolima and Muñoz Yaneth Amparo, Curso Taller Análisis Fisicoquímico y Bacteriológico de Aguas, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 1998, 1-128Angela F. Danil de Namor, Abdelaziz El Gamouz, Sofia Frangie, Vanina Martínez, Liliana Valiente, Oliver A. Webb, Turning the volume down on heavy metals using tuned diatomite. A review of diatomite and modified diatomite for the extraction of heavy metals from water, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 241– 242 (2012), 14– 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.030Siti Khadijah Hubadillah, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Takeshi Matsuura, Mukhlis A. Rahman,Zawati Harun, Juhana Jaafar, Mikihiro Nomura, Fabrications and applications of low cost ceramic membrane from kaolin: A comprehensive review, Ceramics International, 44 (2018), no. 5, 4538-4560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.12.215Sewoon Kim, Kyoung Hoon Chu, Yasir A.J. Al-Hamadani, Chang Min Park, Min Jang, Do-Hyung Kim, Miao Yu, Jiyong Heo, Yeomin Yoon, Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by membranes in water and wastewater: A review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 335 (2018), 896-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.044ORIGINALWater treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin.pdfWater treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin.pdfapplication/pdf793742https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1467/1/Water%20treatment%20using%20porous%20ceramics%20based%20on%20recycled%20diatomite%20and%20kaolin.pdfb5b759bd7a78d16d168b9b8a1749a16cMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1467/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTWater treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and kaolin.pdf.txtWater treatment using porous ceramics based on recycled diatomite and 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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