Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes
This study aims to strengthen critical thinking in future engineers through mathematics by stimulating their attitudes. To achieve this, a qualitative informative study will be conducted with a characteristic cut and a deductive orientation through the analysis and synthesis of contents from scienti...
- Autores:
-
PLAZA GÁLVEZ, LUIS FERNANDO
González Granada, José Rodrigo
Becerra Moreno, Dorance
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6954
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6954
https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.7.18
- Palabra clave:
- disposition
education
habit
problem-solving
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes disposition education habit problem-solving |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of Attitudes |
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PLAZA GÁLVEZ, LUIS FERNANDO González Granada, José Rodrigo Becerra Moreno, Dorance |
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PLAZA GÁLVEZ, LUIS FERNANDO González Granada, José Rodrigo Becerra Moreno, Dorance |
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disposition education habit problem-solving |
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disposition education habit problem-solving |
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This study aims to strengthen critical thinking in future engineers through mathematics by stimulating their attitudes. To achieve this, a qualitative informative study will be conducted with a characteristic cut and a deductive orientation through the analysis and synthesis of contents from scientific publications specializing in the development of critical thinking. This type of thinking can be strengthened through strategies proposed by the mathematics teacher, allowing an increase in curiosity, eagerness to learn and inquire, and especially promoting and awakening curiosity in students through contexts where mathematics is formally applied in engineering. These strategies should include concrete actions that foster attitudes of critical thinking and a better ability to argue, interpret, and make judgments independently, ultimately acquiring a set of skills, especially in problem-solving. The results show that an engineering student as a critical thinker must have a critical attitude, which is evidenced through dispositions, habits, and character traits, which, when stimulated through mathematics, would contribute to their professional formation. |
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2024-04-17T16:49:02Z |
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2024-04-17T16:49:02Z |
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HUNAN DAXUE XUEBAO JOURNAL OF HUNAN UNIVERSITY NATURAL SCIENCES ISSN: 1674-2974, 2023 vol:50 fasc: 7 págs: 189 - 198, DOI:10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.7.18 |
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Vol.50 No.7 (2023) |
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10 |
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7 (2023) |
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1 |
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Está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). |
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PLAZA GÁLVEZ, LUIS FERNANDO5a79f135e9c3aca708222a8a122d5408600González Granada, José Rodrigo610b5da879980ce98af28c2eb77da68eBecerra Moreno, Dorance81ffadb12b7f7803d974959f5ecd568c6002024-04-17T16:49:02Z2024-04-17T16:49:02Z2023-07-31https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6954https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.7.18This study aims to strengthen critical thinking in future engineers through mathematics by stimulating their attitudes. To achieve this, a qualitative informative study will be conducted with a characteristic cut and a deductive orientation through the analysis and synthesis of contents from scientific publications specializing in the development of critical thinking. This type of thinking can be strengthened through strategies proposed by the mathematics teacher, allowing an increase in curiosity, eagerness to learn and inquire, and especially promoting and awakening curiosity in students through contexts where mathematics is formally applied in engineering. These strategies should include concrete actions that foster attitudes of critical thinking and a better ability to argue, interpret, and make judgments independently, ultimately acquiring a set of skills, especially in problem-solving. The results show that an engineering student as a critical thinker must have a critical attitude, which is evidenced through dispositions, habits, and character traits, which, when stimulated through mathematics, would contribute to their professional formation.10 Páginasapplication/pdfengHunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural SciencesChinaHUNAN DAXUE XUEBAO JOURNAL OF HUNAN UNIVERSITY NATURAL SCIENCES ISSN: 1674-2974, 2023 vol:50 fasc: 7 págs: 189 - 198, DOI:10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.7.18Vol.50 No.7 (2023)107 (2023)150Está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1420Strengthening Critical Thinking in Engineering Students through Mathematics: The Power of AttitudesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85dispositioneducationhabitproblem-solvingPELÁEZ L., TREFFTZ H., and DELGADO I. Acreditación Internacional de Carreras de Ingeniería. Educación En Ingeniería, 2020, 15(29): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/rei.v15n29.1044FORAWI S. Standard-based science education and critical thinking. Thinking skills and creativity, 2016, 20: 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.02.005GIULIANO H., & ABATE S. Pensamiento crítico como horizonte formativo en el currículum de ingeniería. Revista Educación en Ingeniería, 2022, 18(35): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26507/rei.v18n35.1247CÁRDENAS-OLIVEROS J., RODRÍGUEZ-BORGES C., PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ J., and VALENCIA-ZAMBRANO X. Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico: Metodología para fomentar el aprendizaje en ingeniería. Revista de ciencias sociales, 2022, 28(4): 512-530. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39145KANIA N., FITRIANI C., and BONYAH E. Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Skills Based on Prior Knowledge Mathematics. International Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education, 2023, 2(1): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijcse.%20v2i1.248CAMPOS-FABIAN D. Pensamiento crítico y el aprendizaje de la matemática en estudiantes ingresantes a la universidad. Eduser, 2020, 7(2): 82-94. https://doi.org/10.18050/eduser.v7i2.2538MUÑOZ Y., & PALOMAR J. Desarrollo y valoración del pensamiento crítico como competencia transversal en la formación de profesores de matemáticas. Revista del Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació (CIDUI), 2014, 2: 1-8. https://raco.cat/index.php/RevistaCIDUI/article/view/368755CAPOTE M., ROBAINA L., and CAPOTE M. Relaciones entre las actitudes hacia la Matemática y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Mendive. Revista de Educación, 2022, 20(3): 1022–1035. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S1815-76962022000301022&script=sci_arttextPARIONA S., VIVAS T., and PARIONA J. Influencia del programa de pensamiento crítico en el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería de Minas de la UNCP. Prospectiva Universitaria, 2020, 17(1): 99-107. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.prospectivauniversitaria.2020.17.1392CELIK H., & OZDEMIR F. Mathematical Thinking as a Predictor of Critical Thinking Dispositions of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers. International Journal of Progressive Education, 2020, 16(4): 81-98. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.268.6CLARIS L., & RILEY D. Learning to think critically in and about engineering: A liberative perspective. Research in Engineering Education Symposium (REES), Davos, 2008, pp. 1–5. https://sophia.smith.edu/~driley/critical_thinking.pdfENGLISH L. Ways of thinking in STEM-based problem solving. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-023-01474-7GONZÁLEZ-RIVEROS P., VERA-OÑAT S., ROJAS-MANCILLA E., and RAMÍREZ-TAGLE R. Evaluation of Mathematical Critical Thinking in Engineering Students. Investigar, 2022, 6(2): 439-460. http://doi.revistamqr.com/V6_2_ART_27.pdfFACIONE N., FACIONE P., and SANCHEZ C. Critical thinking disposition as a measure of competent clinical judgment: The development of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Journal of Nursing Education, 1994, 33(8): 345-350. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19941001-052PAUL R., & ELDER L. Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle, New Jersey, 2002.GLASER E. An experiment in the development of critical thinking. Teachers College Record, 1942, 43(5): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146814204300507NORRIS S., & ENNIS R. Evaluating Critical Thinking. The Practitioners' Guide to Teaching Thinking Series. Critical Thinking Press and Software, Pacific Grove, California, 1989.PAUL R. Critical thinking: How to prepare students for a rapidly changing world. 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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 56: 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.636LANDA-BLANCO M., & CORTÉS-RAMOS A. Psychology students' attitudes towards research: the role of critical thinking, epistemic orientation, and satisfaction with research courses. Heliyon, 2021, 7(12): e08504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08504SIEGEL H. Critical thinking as an educational ideal. The Educational Forum, 1980, 45(1): 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131728009336046KANG F. Contribution of emotional intelligence towards graduate students’ critical thinking disposition. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2015, 3(4): 6-17. https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJELS/article/view/1908PRIETO F. El pensamiento crítico y autoconocimiento. Revista de filosofía, 2018, 74: 173-191. https://revistafilosofia.uchile.cl/index.php/RDF/article/view/51889ŠULIGOJ V., ŽAVBI R., and AVSEC S. Interdisciplinary critical and design thinking. 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Relación entre disposición hacia el pensamiento crítico y estilos de pensamiento en alumnos universitarios de Lima metropolitana. Persona, 2008, 11: 143-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/persona2008.n011.929PÓLYA G. How to solve it: A new aspect of mathematical method. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1945.PAUL R., NIEWOEHNER R., and ELDER L. The thinker's guide to engineering reasoning: Based on critical thinking concepts and tools. Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2006.BACHELARD G. La formación del espíritu científico. Contribución a un psicoanálisis del conocimiento objetivo. 9th ed. Siglo XXI Editores, México, 1981.LEÓN F. Sobre el pensamiento reflexivo, también llamado pensamiento crítico. Propósitos y representaciones, 2014, 2(1): 161-214. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2014.v2n1.56ADAIR D., & JAEGAR M. Cultivation of critical thinking in undergraduate engineering education. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual SEFI Conference, Orléans, 2015. https://www.sefi.be/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/52586-D.-ADAIR.pdfDESCARTES R. Discurso del método. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0002-8979-04105a79f135e9c3aca708222a8a122d54086000000-0001-8556-991481ffadb12b7f7803d974959f5ecd568c600 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