Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN

We have developed an algorithm based on hybrid nodes composed of an XBee S2C module configured in API mode with escape and connected to a microcontroller ATMEGA 328P to solve the orphan node problem of a ZigBee tree topology. The sensor nodes have both features End Device and Router that may alterna...

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Autores:
Escobar Amado, Christian David
Celis, Jose Miguel
Sepúlveda, Sergio
Castro Casadiego, Sergio
Medina Delgado, Byron
Guevara, Dinael
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6563
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6563
Palabra clave:
WSN
ZigBee
Orphan Nodes
Hybrid nodes
mobile application
RIS
ZigBee
Nodos huérfanos
Nodos híbridos
aplicación móvil
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Algoritmo de nodos adaptativos para solucionar el problema de los nodos huérfanos en una Red Inalámbrica de Sensores ZigBee en topología de árbol
title Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
spellingShingle Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
WSN
ZigBee
Orphan Nodes
Hybrid nodes
mobile application
RIS
ZigBee
Nodos huérfanos
Nodos híbridos
aplicación móvil
title_short Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
title_full Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
title_fullStr Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
title_sort Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Escobar Amado, Christian David
Celis, Jose Miguel
Sepúlveda, Sergio
Castro Casadiego, Sergio
Medina Delgado, Byron
Guevara, Dinael
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Escobar Amado, Christian David
Celis, Jose Miguel
Sepúlveda, Sergio
Castro Casadiego, Sergio
Medina Delgado, Byron
Guevara, Dinael
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniare
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv WSN
ZigBee
Orphan Nodes
Hybrid nodes
mobile application
topic WSN
ZigBee
Orphan Nodes
Hybrid nodes
mobile application
RIS
ZigBee
Nodos huérfanos
Nodos híbridos
aplicación móvil
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv RIS
ZigBee
Nodos huérfanos
Nodos híbridos
aplicación móvil
description We have developed an algorithm based on hybrid nodes composed of an XBee S2C module configured in API mode with escape and connected to a microcontroller ATMEGA 328P to solve the orphan node problem of a ZigBee tree topology. The sensor nodes have both features End Device and Router that may alternate depending on the situation, and the node can adapt itself to keep the network integrality as much as possible. On the other hand, the coordinator node comprises an XBee S2C module and the embedded system Raspberry Pi 3, which hosts the algorithm and is set up as an access point, a database server, and a web server. Using the proposed algorithm, we were able to recover up to 42.8% of the network coverage, but it comes with an energy cost due to the switch from End Device to Router. Additionally, a mobile application integrated with notification service and Google Maps was developed to monitor every node’s behavior in the Wireless Sensor Network.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-06
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T14:22:31Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T14:22:31Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6563
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.4067/S0718-33052021000200285
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6563
identifier_str_mv 10.4067/S0718-33052021000200285
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniare. Vol. 29 Nº. 2. (2021)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 296
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 2 (2021)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 285
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 29
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Escobar-Amado, C. D., Celis-Peñaranda, J. M., Sepúlveda-Mora, S. B., Castro-Casadiego, S. A., Medina-Delgado, B., & Guevara, D. (2021). Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN. INGENIARE-Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 29(2).
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniare
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 12 páginas
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniare
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Chile
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.ingeniare.cl/index.php?option=com_ingeniare&view=d&doc=109/08-ESCOBAR_V.-29-2_3.pdf&aid=853&vid=109&lang=es
institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Escobar Amado, Christian David9f62f246d163441cfecb47f9a1dcb6c0600Celis, Jose Miguelf212da97206f05fb58afbfd8a0a2c44b600Sepúlveda, Sergiof9ae22ff86139103bcba4c4de3e5c280600Castro Casadiego, Sergio 539e8559e348f010cc825d040aecc665600Medina Delgado, Byron77a81f47bf20466c22fcea2d1e82a753600Guevara, Dinaeld678ea69c63ad5ebdf8bff1ac12d75a6Ingeniare2022-11-21T14:22:31Z2022-11-21T14:22:31Z2021-06https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/656310.4067/S0718-33052021000200285We have developed an algorithm based on hybrid nodes composed of an XBee S2C module configured in API mode with escape and connected to a microcontroller ATMEGA 328P to solve the orphan node problem of a ZigBee tree topology. The sensor nodes have both features End Device and Router that may alternate depending on the situation, and the node can adapt itself to keep the network integrality as much as possible. On the other hand, the coordinator node comprises an XBee S2C module and the embedded system Raspberry Pi 3, which hosts the algorithm and is set up as an access point, a database server, and a web server. Using the proposed algorithm, we were able to recover up to 42.8% of the network coverage, but it comes with an energy cost due to the switch from End Device to Router. Additionally, a mobile application integrated with notification service and Google Maps was developed to monitor every node’s behavior in the Wireless Sensor Network.Para solucionar el problema de los nodos huérfanos en una topología tipo árbol en una red ZigBee, se ha desarrollado un algoritmo basado en nodos híbridos compuesto por un módulo XBee S2C configurado en modo API con escape conectado a un microcontrolador ATMEGA 328P. Los nodos sensores cuentan con las características de End Device y Router simultáneamente, las cuales pueden ser alternadas dependiendo de la situación, de esta forma, el nodo puede adaptarse por sí mismo para mantener la integridad de la red. Por otro lado, el nodo coordinador está conformado por un módulo XBee S2C y el sistema embebido Raspberry Pi 3 que soporta el algoritmo y está configurado como punto de acceso, servidor de base de datos y servidor web. Empleando el algoritmo propuesto, la cobertura de la red puede ser recuperada hasta en un 42,8%, pero viene con un costo de energía debido al cambio de End Device a Router. Adicionalmente, una aplicación móvil integrada con servicio de notificaciones y Google Maps fue desarrollada para monitorizar el comportamiento de cada nodo en la Red Inalámbrica de sensores.12 páginasapplication/pdfengIngeniareChileIngeniare. Vol. 29 Nº. 2. (2021)2962 (2021)28529Escobar-Amado, C. D., Celis-Peñaranda, J. M., Sepúlveda-Mora, S. B., Castro-Casadiego, S. A., Medina-Delgado, B., & Guevara, D. (2021). Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN. INGENIARE-Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 29(2).IngeniareThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.ingeniare.cl/index.php?option=com_ingeniare&view=d&doc=109/08-ESCOBAR_V.-29-2_3.pdf&aid=853&vid=109&lang=esAdaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSNAlgoritmo de nodos adaptativos para solucionar el problema de los nodos huérfanos en una Red Inalámbrica de Sensores ZigBee en topología de árbolArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85WSNZigBeeOrphan NodesHybrid nodesmobile applicationRISZigBeeNodos huérfanosNodos híbridosaplicación móvilJ. Kanno, J.G. Buchart, R.R. Selmic, and V. Phoha. “Detecting coverage holes in wireless sensor networks”. 2009 17th Mediterr. Conf. Control Autom., pp. 452-457. 2009.S.B. Qiu, Y. Xu, and X.W. Yang. “A novel cluster head selection method using energy for ZigBee cluster-tree network”. IEEE Int. Conf. Autom. Logist. ICAL, Nº 2010, pp. 178-181. 2011.D. Jiang, L. Yu, F. Wang, X. Xie, and Y. Yu. “Design of the smart home system based on the optimal routing algorithm and ZigBee network”. PLoS One. Vol. 12 Nº 11, pp. 1-15. 2017.E. Kabalci and Y. Kabalci. “A wireless metering and monitoring system for solar string inverters”, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. Vol. 96, September 2017, pp. 282-295. 2018.J.C. Chou, S.J. Yan, Y.H. Liao, C.H. Lai, Y.X. Wu, and C.Y. Wu. “Remote Detection for Glucose and Lactate Based on Flexible Sensor Array”. IEEE Sens. J. Vol. 18 Nº 8, pp. 3467-3474. 2018.S. Ali, et al. “SimpliMote: A Wireless Sensor Network Monitoring Platform for Oil and Gas Pipelines”. IEEE Syst. J. Vol. 12 Nº 1, pp. 1-12. 2016.W.B. Heinzelman, A.P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan. “An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks”. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. Vol. 1 Nº 4, pp. 660-670. 2002.F. Awad, E. Taqieddin, and A. Seyam. “Energy-Efficient and Coverage-Aware Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Wirel. Eng. Technol. Vol. 3, pp. 142-151. 2012.E. Taqieddin, M. Mowafi, F. Awad, O. Banimelhem, and H. Maher. “An energybalanced cluster-based protocol for wireless sensor networks”. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Web Eng. Vol. 8, Nº 3, pp. 50-63. 2013.E. Taqieddin, F. Awad, and H. Ahmad. “Location-Aware and Mobility-Based Performance Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks”. J. Wirel. Mob. Networks, Ubiquitous Comput. Dependable Appl. Vol. 8 Nº 4, pp. 37-59. 2017.J. Mu, W. Wang, B. Zhang, and W. Song. “An adaptive routing optimization and energy-balancing algorithm in ZigBee hierarchical networks”. J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., pp. 1-11. 2014.I. Ullah and H.Y. Youn. “Statistical Multipath Queue-Wise Preemption Routing for ZigBeeBased WSN”. Wirel. Pers. Commun., pp. 1-15. 2018.S. Ozdemir and Y. Xiao. “FTDA: outlier detection-based fault-tolerant data aggregation for wireless sensor networks”. Secur. Commun. NETWORKS. Vol. 6 Nº 6, pp. 702- 710. 2013.D. Liu, Y. Gao, and Y. Liu. “An improved orphan nodes-reduced mechanism in zigbee network”. Vol. 542-543. 2012.M.D. Sarr, F. Delobel, M. Misson, and I. Niang. “Automatic and dynamic network establishment for linear WSNs”. Wirel. Networks, pp. 1-14. 2017.S.-C. Hu, C.-K. Lin, Y.-C. Tseng, and W.-T. Chen. “Distributed address assignment with address borrowing for ZigBee networks”. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC 2014, pp. 454-459. 2014.L. Bai and X. Zhao. “Borrowed address assignment algorithm based on recursive reduction model in zigbee networks”. In 14th IEEE International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 1240-1245. 2018.X.W. Yang, Y. Xu, and S.B. Qiu. “A solution of orphan problem in ZigBee tree network”. 7th Int. Conf. Wirel. Commun. Netw. Mob. Comput. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GA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