Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids
In this work, gas-liquid hydrodynamics of a Rushton turbine was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Different stirring conditions commonly used in fungal culture applications are simulated. Several scenarios are predicted related to gas-liquid mass transfer limitation. The above, reflected b...
- Autores:
-
Gelves, German
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1506
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1506
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- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| spellingShingle |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title_short |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title_full |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title_fullStr |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| title_sort |
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gelves, German |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gelves, German |
| description |
In this work, gas-liquid hydrodynamics of a Rushton turbine was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Different stirring conditions commonly used in fungal culture applications are simulated. Several scenarios are predicted related to gas-liquid mass transfer limitation. The above, reflected by low air dispersion reached and bubble size determinations caused by the non-Newtonian rheology, leading the process to obtain k!a values only in the order of 30 h-1 at high, stirring speeds. However, the high-power consumption in fungal culture in agitated tank bioreactors can be disadvantages in large-scale prototypes applied in nonNewtonian fluids. These Findings shown in this research should be considered as a primary criterion for optimizing mass transfer problems in large scale fungal culture applications. |
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2020 |
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2020-08-05 |
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2021-11-27T23:00:57Z |
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2021-11-27T23:00:57Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1506 |
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10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series ISSN: 1742-6596, 2020 vol:1587 fasc: 2020 págs: 1 - 7, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012 |
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Vol. 1587 , 012012 (2020) |
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7 |
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1 |
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1587 |
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Gelves, G. (2020). Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1587, Artículo 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012 |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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openAccess |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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8 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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Reino Unido |
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Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander |
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Gelves, German7446587450ae5fc4984fae3331a665386002021-11-27T23:00:57Z2021-11-27T23:00:57Z2020-08-05http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/150610.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012In this work, gas-liquid hydrodynamics of a Rushton turbine was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Different stirring conditions commonly used in fungal culture applications are simulated. Several scenarios are predicted related to gas-liquid mass transfer limitation. The above, reflected by low air dispersion reached and bubble size determinations caused by the non-Newtonian rheology, leading the process to obtain k!a values only in the order of 30 h-1 at high, stirring speeds. However, the high-power consumption in fungal culture in agitated tank bioreactors can be disadvantages in large-scale prototypes applied in nonNewtonian fluids. These Findings shown in this research should be considered as a primary criterion for optimizing mass transfer problems in large scale fungal culture applications.8 páginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesReino UnidoJournal of Physics: Conference Series ISSN: 1742-6596, 2020 vol:1587 fasc: 2020 págs: 1 - 7, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012Vol. 1587 , 012012 (2020)711587Gelves, G. (2020). Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1587, Artículo 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesContent from this work may be used under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltdinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012012Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluidsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Niño L, Gelves R, Ali H, Solsvik J, Jakobsen H 2019 Chemical Engineering Science 211 1Gelves R, Benavides A, Quintero J 2013 Ingeniare Revista Chilena de Ingeniería 21 347Jenne M, Reuss M 1999 Chemical Engineering Science 54(17) 3921Luo J, Issaand R, Gosman A 1994 Chemical Engineering Symposium Series. Institution of Chemical Engineers 136 549Micale G, Brucato, A Grisafi F 1999 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 45(3) 445Rutherford K, Lee, Mahmoudi K, Yianneskis M 1996 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 42 332Tabor A, Gosman G, Issa R 1996 American Institute of Chemical Engineering Symposium Series 140 25Solsvik J, Jakobsen H 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 62(5) 1795Kerdouss F, Bannari A, Proulx P, Bannari R, Skrga M, Labrecque Y 2012 Computers and Chemical Engineering 32 1943Kerdouss F, Kiss L, Proulx P, Bilodeauand, Dupuis C 2005 International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 3 35Kerdouss F, Bannari A, Proulx P, Bannari R, Skrgaand M, Labrecque Y 2007 Computers and Chemical Engineering 3 1Lane L, Schwarz M, Evans M 2005 Chemical Engineering Science 60 2203Venneker C, Derksen H 2002 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 48(4) 673Scargiali F, D’Orazio A, Grisafi F, Brucato 2007 Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85(5) 637Kasat G, Pandit A B, Ranade V V 2008 International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 6 1Nino L, Peñuela M, Gelves G 2018 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 13(11) 9353Ranade V V, Dommeti J B 1990 Chemical Engineering Communications 74(4) 476Jakobsen H, Lindborg H, Dorao C 2005 Industrial Engineering of Chemical Research 44(14) 5107Jahoda M, Tomášková L, Moštěk M 2009 Chemical Engineering Research and Design 87(4) 460Luo H, Svendsen H 1996 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 42(5) 1225Laakkonen M, Moilanen P, Alopaeus A, Aittamaa J 2007 Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85(5) 665Panneerselvam R, Savithri S 2011 Chemical Engineering Science 66(14) 14Martinov M, Vlaev S 2002 Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 16(1) 1Tiefeng W, Jinfu W 2007 Chemical Engineering Science 62(24) 7107Chen P, Sanyal J, Dudukovic M P 2005 Chemical Engineering Science 60(4) 1085Gelves R, Dietrich A, Takors R 2014 Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 37 365Niño L, Peñuela M, Gelves G 2016 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 11(9) 6097Raikar B, Bhatia R, Malone F, Henson A 2009 Chemical Engineering Science 64 2433Niño L, Gelves G 2015 Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 75 163Junker A 2004 Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 97(6) 347Alopaeus V, Koskinen K 1999 Chemical Engineering Science 54(24) 5887Ishii M, Zuber N 1979 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 25(5) 843Elgobashiand S E, Rizk M A 1989 International Journal of Multiphase Flow 15(1) 119Chavez-Parga M, Gonzalez-Ortega O, Negrete-Rodriguez M, Medina-Torres L, Silva E 2007 World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23(5) 615Hounslow M, Ryall R, Marschall V 1988 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 34(11) 1821Litster D, Smit D, Hounslow M 1995 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 41(3) 591Niño L, Peñuela M, Gelves G 2018 Indian Journal of Science and Technology 11 1Hagesaether L, Jakobsen H A, Hjarbo K, Svendsen H F 2000 A coalescence and breakup module for implementation in CFD codes European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering ed Pierucci S (Netherlands: Elsevier Science) p 367Sanyal J, Marchisio D L, Fox R O, Dhanasekharan K 2005 Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research 44(14) 5063Coulaloglou C, Tavlarides L 1977 Chemical Engineering Science 32 1289Gil N, Appleton M, Baganz F, Lye G 2008 Biotechnology and Bioengineering 100(6) 1144Luong H T, Volesky B 1979 American Institute of Chemical Engineering 25(5) 893Xie M 2014 Chemical Engineering Science 106 144Valverde M R, Bettega B, Badino A C 2016 Theoretical Foundations in Chemical Engineering 50(6) 945Ochoa F, Gomez E 2009 Biotechnology Advances 27 153Dhanasekharan K, Sanyal J, Jain J, Haidari A 2005 Chemical Engineering Science 60 213Flórez F, Torre M 1997 Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 6 561Arjunwadkar S J, Sarvanan K, Kulkarni P, Pandit A B 1998 Biochemical Engineering Journal 2 99Shukla V K, Parasu U, Kulkarni P R, Pandit A B 2001 Biochemical Engineering Journal 8 19ORIGINALSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdfSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdfapplication/pdf1781064https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1506/1/Simulating%20hydrodynamics%20in%20a%20Rushton%20turbine%20at%20different%20stirring%20velocities%20applied%20to%20non-Newtonian%20fluids.pdf70ed448b214716254cd6d6469df7383dMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1506/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdf.txtSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain23846https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1506/3/Simulating%20hydrodynamics%20in%20a%20Rushton%20turbine%20at%20different%20stirring%20velocities%20applied%20to%20non-Newtonian%20fluids.pdf.txt6a76225ce54611be32435f71a0253052MD53open accessTHUMBNAILSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdf.jpgSimulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9296https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/1506/4/Simulating%20hydrodynamics%20in%20a%20Rushton%20turbine%20at%20different%20stirring%20velocities%20applied%20to%20non-Newtonian%20fluids.pdf.jpg96fcab7319bd7146fce1c5ec06be10fbMD54open accessufps/1506oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/15062022-05-23 10:39:27.537open accessRepositorio Universidad Francisco de Paula 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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