Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers

Worldwide, a typical civil engineering program focuses in formal, natural, and applied sciences within an environment of ethical and social responsibility. Mathematics and computer sciences are the main formal sciences. The most widely used natural sciences are physics, earth science, and chemistry....

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Autores:
Márquez Peñaranda, J F
Cáceres Rubio, J R
Pineda Rodríguez, J R
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6618
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6618
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
spellingShingle Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title_short Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title_full Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title_fullStr Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title_full_unstemmed Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
title_sort Relevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Márquez Peñaranda, J F
Cáceres Rubio, J R
Pineda Rodríguez, J R
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Márquez Peñaranda, J F
Cáceres Rubio, J R
Pineda Rodríguez, J R
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
description Worldwide, a typical civil engineering program focuses in formal, natural, and applied sciences within an environment of ethical and social responsibility. Mathematics and computer sciences are the main formal sciences. The most widely used natural sciences are physics, earth science, and chemistry. On the other hand, a student who begins the professional cycle of the program must develop skills in applied science to solve practical problems. Complex processes and concepts requiring skills related to mathematics and physics must be developed. Such processes and concepts demand an impeccable handling of operations which involve diverse precision degrees, measurement units and a high variety of basic and derived quantities. This work describes the identification and classification of the main errors made by students when solving written exams applied in a natural environment of structural design courses. Data were collected during four years at a university in Colombia. Report of errors was grouped into five categories named modelling, quantities, regulation, signs, and others. Collected errors were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, each error was assigned to a risk level (high, intermediate, low) according to its potentiality to generate catastrophic errors in professional practice. The quality and number of observed errors seem to be correlated with the time of year in which they occur. On the other hand, the high-risk errors resulted to outweigh the two lower risk levels. This finding is worrying and serves as the basis for making an urgent call to review the way of teaching and its relationship with practical results. In synthesis, this study presents a novel manner to study the formation errors in engineering civil programs. In the near future, it is expected to use the results of this research to propose a procedure for the design and feedback of teaching strategies consistent with the evaluation objectives of each course.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-05-22
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-27T19:07:54Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-27T19:07:54Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6618
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/1981/1/012017
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6618
identifier_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/1981/1/012017
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dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1981 No.012017 (2021)
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 1981 N0.012017 (2021)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 6
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 012017 (2021)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.1981
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv J F Márquez Peñaranda et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1981 012017
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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Such processes and concepts demand an impeccable handling of operations which involve diverse precision degrees, measurement units and a high variety of basic and derived quantities. This work describes the identification and classification of the main errors made by students when solving written exams applied in a natural environment of structural design courses. Data were collected during four years at a university in Colombia. Report of errors was grouped into five categories named modelling, quantities, regulation, signs, and others. Collected errors were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, each error was assigned to a risk level (high, intermediate, low) according to its potentiality to generate catastrophic errors in professional practice. The quality and number of observed errors seem to be correlated with the time of year in which they occur. On the other hand, the high-risk errors resulted to outweigh the two lower risk levels. This finding is worrying and serves as the basis for making an urgent call to review the way of teaching and its relationship with practical results. In synthesis, this study presents a novel manner to study the formation errors in engineering civil programs. In the near future, it is expected to use the results of this research to propose a procedure for the design and feedback of teaching strategies consistent with the evaluation objectives of each course.application/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1981 No.012017 (2021)Vol. 1981 N0.012017 (2021)6012017 (2021)1Vol.1981J F Márquez Peñaranda et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1981 012017Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesPublished under licence by IOP Publishing Ltdhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1981/1/012017/metaRelevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineersArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Reino UnidoAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2019 Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge: Preparing the Future Civil Engineer (Reston: American Society of Civil Engineers)Frisk E, Larson K 2011 Educating for sustainability: competencies & practices for transformative action Journal of Sustainability Education 2 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 2021 Civil Engineering Curriculum (Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Asociación Iberoamericana de Instituciones de Enseñanza de la Ingeniería (ASIBEI) 2016 Competencias y Perfil del Ingeniero Iberoamericano, Formación de Profesores y Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación (Bogotá: Asociación Iberoamericana de Instituciones de Enseñanza de la Ingeniería)Universidad de los Andes 2020 Currículo de Ingeniería Civil (Colombia: Universidad de los Andes)González L 2020 Algunos Referentes sobre Resultados de Aprendizaje para Programas de Ingeniería (Colombia: Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería)Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica (AIS) 2010 Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente, NSR–10 (Colombia: Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica)Toro J, Cárdenas V 2014 Impacto del Profesional de Ingeniería Civil en la Región (Colombia: Universidad Católica de Colombia)Burden R, Faires J 2002 Análisis Numérico (México: Thomson Learning)Sargin M, Handa V 1968 Structural concrete and some numerical solutions Proceedings-1968 ACM National Conference (Canada: University of Waterloo)Chapra S, Canale R 2006 Métodos Numéricos para Ingenieros (México: McGraw Hill)Norris Ch, Wilbur J, Utku S 1977 Elementary Structural Analysis (New York: McGraw Hill)Márquez J, Gallardo H, Vergel M 2020 An approach to the didactics of physics for structural engineering from an artistic perspective Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1674(1) 012012:1Park R, Paulay T 1975 Reinforced Concrete Structures (New York: John Wiley & Sons)ORIGINALRelevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil engineers.pdfRelevance of the use of measurement units and orders of magnitude in the training of civil 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
