Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids

This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a simple organic Rankine cycle (SORC) as a waste heat recovery (WHR) systems of a 2 MW stationary gas engine evaluating different working fluids. Initially, a systematic methodology was implemented to select three organic fluids according to environm...

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Autores:
Valencia, Guillermo
Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero
Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1163
Acceso en línea:
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1163
https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214526
Palabra clave:
energy analysis
exergy analysis
organic Rankine cycle
waste heat recovery
natural gas engine
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openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/1163
network_acronym_str RUFPS2
network_name_str Repositorio Digital UFPS
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
title Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
spellingShingle Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
energy analysis
exergy analysis
organic Rankine cycle
waste heat recovery
natural gas engine
title_short Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
title_full Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
title_fullStr Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
title_full_unstemmed Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
title_sort Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Valencia, Guillermo
Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero
Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Valencia, Guillermo
Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero
Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv energy analysis
exergy analysis
organic Rankine cycle
waste heat recovery
natural gas engine
topic energy analysis
exergy analysis
organic Rankine cycle
waste heat recovery
natural gas engine
description This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a simple organic Rankine cycle (SORC) as a waste heat recovery (WHR) systems of a 2 MW stationary gas engine evaluating different working fluids. Initially, a systematic methodology was implemented to select three organic fluids according to environmental and safety criteria, as well as critical system operational conditions. Then, thermodynamic, exergy, and exergo-economic models of the system were developed under certain defined considerations, and a set of parametric studies are presented considering key variables of the system such as pump efficiency, turbine efficiency, pinch point condenser, and evaporator. The results show the influence of these variables on the combined power of the system (gas engine plus ORC), ORC exergetic efficiency, specific fuel consumption (∆BSFC), and exergo indicators such as the payback period (PBP), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and the specific investment cost (SIC). The results revealed that heat transfer equipment had the highest exergy destruction cost rates representing 81.25% of the total system cost. On the other hand, sensitivity analyses showed that acetone presented better energetic and exergetic performance when the efficiency of the turbine, evaporator, and condenser pinch point was increased. However, toluene was the fluid with the best results when pump efficiency was increased. In terms of the cost of exergy destroyed by equipment, the results revealed that acetone was the working fluid that positively impacted cost reduction when pump efficiency was improved; and toluene, when turbine efficiency was increased. Finally, the evaporator and condenser pinch point increased all the economic indicators of the system. In this sense, the working fluid with the best performance in economic terms was acetone, when the efficiency of the turbine, pinch condenser, and pinch evaporator was enhanced
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-25
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-19T20:49:22Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-19T20:49:22Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1163
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url http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1163
https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214526
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Applied Sciences
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.9 No.21.(2019)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 22
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 21 (2019)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 9
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Ochoa, G. V., Peñaloza, C. A., & Rojas, J. P. (2019). Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids. Applied Sciences, 9(21), 4526.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Applied Sciences
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dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Applied Sciences
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Pekin , China
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/21/4526
institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Valencia, Guillermoa70459584c35a8074119d0e480ac044b600Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero96cb752d974d2a7f4f66513af6ebbf8d600Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto1f12a99f8d5bcc67d1eb10c7c07c76a36002021-11-19T20:49:22Z2021-11-19T20:49:22Z2019-10-25http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/1163https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214526This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a simple organic Rankine cycle (SORC) as a waste heat recovery (WHR) systems of a 2 MW stationary gas engine evaluating different working fluids. Initially, a systematic methodology was implemented to select three organic fluids according to environmental and safety criteria, as well as critical system operational conditions. Then, thermodynamic, exergy, and exergo-economic models of the system were developed under certain defined considerations, and a set of parametric studies are presented considering key variables of the system such as pump efficiency, turbine efficiency, pinch point condenser, and evaporator. The results show the influence of these variables on the combined power of the system (gas engine plus ORC), ORC exergetic efficiency, specific fuel consumption (∆BSFC), and exergo indicators such as the payback period (PBP), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and the specific investment cost (SIC). The results revealed that heat transfer equipment had the highest exergy destruction cost rates representing 81.25% of the total system cost. On the other hand, sensitivity analyses showed that acetone presented better energetic and exergetic performance when the efficiency of the turbine, evaporator, and condenser pinch point was increased. However, toluene was the fluid with the best results when pump efficiency was increased. In terms of the cost of exergy destroyed by equipment, the results revealed that acetone was the working fluid that positively impacted cost reduction when pump efficiency was improved; and toluene, when turbine efficiency was increased. Finally, the evaporator and condenser pinch point increased all the economic indicators of the system. In this sense, the working fluid with the best performance in economic terms was acetone, when the efficiency of the turbine, pinch condenser, and pinch evaporator was enhancedapplication/pdfengApplied SciencesPekin , ChinaApplied SciencesVol.9 No.21.(2019)2221 (2019)19Ochoa, G. V., Peñaloza, C. A., & Rojas, J. P. (2019). Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluids. Applied Sciences, 9(21), 4526.Applied Sciences© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/21/4526Thermoeconomic modelling and parametric study of a simple ORC for the recovery of waste heat in a 2 MW gas engine under different working fluidsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85energy analysisexergy analysisorganic Rankine cyclewaste heat recoverynatural gas engineHung, T.C.; Shai, T.Y.; Wang, S.K. A review of organic rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-grade waste heat. Energy 1997, 22, 661–667. [CrossRef]Elzinga, D. 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GA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