Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography

The objective of this work was to standardize the method of analysis of caffeine and determine its content in three energy drinks (Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull) consumed in the Colombian market, which were selected based on the results of a significant survey conducted to 384 people in the metropolit...

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Autores:
RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia
Medina Mojica, Ingrid Yurley
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/959
Acceso en línea:
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/959
Palabra clave:
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openAccess
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
spellingShingle Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title_short Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title_full Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title_fullStr Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
title_sort Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography
dc.creator.fl_str_mv RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia
Medina Mojica, Ingrid Yurley
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia
Medina Mojica, Ingrid Yurley
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer
description The objective of this work was to standardize the method of analysis of caffeine and determine its content in three energy drinks (Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull) consumed in the Colombian market, which were selected based on the results of a significant survey conducted to 384 people in the metropolitan area of "San José de Cúcuta, Colombia", from each energy drink two production lots were taken and in turn from each lot three drinks were taken for a total of 18, each one was analyzed in triplicate; caffeine concentration was determined on a Shimadzu Prominence ultra-fast liquid chromatograph. The average concentrations in mg of caffeine/L, for lot 1 were 256.96, 218.10 and 235.73 for drinks Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull, respectively and for lot 2, the respective values were 229.30, 233.86 and 238.33. As established in Resolution 4150 of 2009, the maximum limit allowed is 320 mg of caffeine/L, it was observed that the concentrations in all the energy drinks analyzed are lower, therefore, they are complying with the provisions of the law.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-08-05
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-13T21:18:11Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-13T21:18:11Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/959
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012024
url http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/959
identifier_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012024
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol.1587 No.1.(2019)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 8
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1 (2020)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 1587
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Medina, I. Y., Rodríguez, D. C., & Parra, J. W. (2020, July). Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1587, No. 1, p. 012024). IOP Publishing.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia506e70e4d66e880e827b9f2295ca703cMedina Mojica, Ingrid Yurley13a661b6012c824661cdf7b8403c3ee0Parra LLanos, John Wilmer71c25954e9b94ea54af9ebf0502af0aa6002021-11-13T21:18:11Z2021-11-13T21:18:11Z2020-08-05http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/95910.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012024The objective of this work was to standardize the method of analysis of caffeine and determine its content in three energy drinks (Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull) consumed in the Colombian market, which were selected based on the results of a significant survey conducted to 384 people in the metropolitan area of "San José de Cúcuta, Colombia", from each energy drink two production lots were taken and in turn from each lot three drinks were taken for a total of 18, each one was analyzed in triplicate; caffeine concentration was determined on a Shimadzu Prominence ultra-fast liquid chromatograph. The average concentrations in mg of caffeine/L, for lot 1 were 256.96, 218.10 and 235.73 for drinks Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull, respectively and for lot 2, the respective values were 229.30, 233.86 and 238.33. As established in Resolution 4150 of 2009, the maximum limit allowed is 320 mg of caffeine/L, it was observed that the concentrations in all the energy drinks analyzed are lower, therefore, they are complying with the provisions of the law.application/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesVol.1587 No.1.(2019)81 (2020)11587Medina, I. Y., Rodríguez, D. C., & Parra, J. W. (2020, July). Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1587, No. 1, p. 012024). IOP Publishing.Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesContent from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltdinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1587/1/012024/metaAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid ChromatographyArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Nunziata A and Zambrano A 2012 Revista del Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel 43 51Mintel Market Sizes 2017 Report Energy Drinks – Colombia 2017 (Londres: Mintel Group Ltd)Aznar S 2011 Determinación analítica de la cafeína en diferentes productos comerciales (España: Universidad Politecnica de Cataluya)Ministerio de la Proteccion Social 2009 Resolucion 4150 de 2009 (Colombia: Ministerio de la Proteccion Social)Ministerio de la Protección Social 2005 Resolución 5109 del 2005 (Colombia: Ministerio de la Proteccion Social)Baltrons Villeda E C, Rajo B and Alberto N 2010 Determinación del Contenido de Cafeína Presente en Bebidas Energizantes Comercializadas en el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (El Salvador: Universidad de El Salvador)Sancho Cubero A and Rubio Navarro C E 2013 Estudio Comparativo del Contenido de Cafeína en Diferentes Bebidas (España: Universidad de Zaragoza)Amos Tautua W and Diepreye E 2014 Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 6 155Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC) 2008 Café y Productos del Café Determinación del Contenido de Cafeína Usando Cromatografía Líquida de Alto Desempeño (HPLC), NTC-ISO 20481 (Colombia: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación)Suarez R, Arévalo E, Linares L, Ustáriz F and Hernández G 2009 Avances en Química 4 53Medina Mojica I Y 2016 Determinación de Cafeina en Bebidas Energizantes Consumidas en el Área Metropolitana de Cúcuta Utilizando Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC) (Colombia: Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander)Quattrocchi O A, de Andrizzi S I A and Laba R F 1992 Introducción a la HPLC: Aplicación y Práctica (Buenos Aires: Artes Gráficas Farro)ORIGINALAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdfAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdfapplication/pdf653131https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/959/1/Analysis%20of%20caffeine%20in%20energy%20drinks%20by%20Ultra-Fast%20Liquid%20Chromatography.pdf08bb589d29de647fd5d4169262ab50c9MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/959/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdf.txtAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain26253https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/959/3/Analysis%20of%20caffeine%20in%20energy%20drinks%20by%20Ultra-Fast%20Liquid%20Chromatography.pdf.txtf9a0a2ed02407334a22aafa58abf9f6aMD53open accessTHUMBNAILAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdf.jpgAnalysis of caffeine in energy drinks by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8939https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/959/4/Analysis%20of%20caffeine%20in%20energy%20drinks%20by%20Ultra-Fast%20Liquid%20Chromatography.pdf.jpgcccd59ee506d02894061f0c29f90efb8MD54open accessufps/959oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/9592022-05-23 11:00:59.396open accessRepositorio Universidad Francisco de Paula 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
