Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) during Ovsynch on regression of the corpus luteum (CL) and on fertility to the timed artificial insemination. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, cows were randomized to re...

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Autores:
Milo C., Wiltbank
Baez, Giovanni
Cochrane, Fenella
Barletta, Rafael V
Trayford, Cheryl R.
Robert T., Joseph
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6439
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6439
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9353
Palabra clave:
Ovsynch
prostaglandin F2α
fertility
reproduction
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openAccess
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6439
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
title Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
spellingShingle Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
Ovsynch
prostaglandin F2α
fertility
reproduction
title_short Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
title_full Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
title_fullStr Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
title_full_unstemmed Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
title_sort Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Milo C., Wiltbank
Baez, Giovanni
Cochrane, Fenella
Barletta, Rafael V
Trayford, Cheryl R.
Robert T., Joseph
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Milo C., Wiltbank
Baez, Giovanni
Cochrane, Fenella
Barletta, Rafael V
Trayford, Cheryl R.
Robert T., Joseph
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Ovsynch
prostaglandin F2α
fertility
reproduction
topic Ovsynch
prostaglandin F2α
fertility
reproduction
description The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) during Ovsynch on regression of the corpus luteum (CL) and on fertility to the timed artificial insemination. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, cows were randomized to receive (1) no additional treatments with PGF = 1 PGF, or (2) a second PGF treatment at 24 h after the first PGF treatment = 2 PGF. The first experiment (n = 344 synchronized lactating dairy cows that received artificial insemination at 81 ± 3 d in milk) used the Double-Ovsynch protocol for synchronizing ovulation. Blood samples were collected at the PGF and final GnRH treatments (72 and 16 h before timed artificial insemination) during the breeding Ovsynch protocol, to determine CL regression in response to the protocol. Treatment with 2 PGF increased CL regression from 83.0% with 1 PGF to 97.0% with 2 PGF. The effect of 2 PGF on CL regression was observed in both primiparous and multiparous cows. Cows with lower (2.0 to 4.8 ng/mL) versus greater (4.9 to 12.0 ng/mL) circulating progesterone at the time of PGF had lower percentage of cows with complete CL regression after 1 PGF (66.7 vs. 88.1%) but not after 2 PGF (95.1 vs. 97.6%). Experiment 2 used 2,148 lactating dairy cows on 11 dairy farms in 4 different regions of the United States. Cows were synchronized with Ovsynch and received timed artificial insemination at 60 ± 3 d in milk. Cows that received 2 PGF had a tendency for increased pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) compared with cows with 1 PGF (36.1 vs. 33.3%). This tendency for improvement in P/AI was observed in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Combining data from the 2 experiments indicated a 9.45% relative increase in P/AI for cows receiving 2 compared with 1 PGF (37.6 vs. 34.4%) with the increase in P/AI observed in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Thus, a second PGF treatment in Ovsynch-type protocols can increase pregnancy success by about 10%, primarily due to enhanced fertility in multiparous cows.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015-11-18
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-28T15:28:33Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-28T15:28:33Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9353
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Dairy Science ISSN: 0022-0302, 2015 vol:98 fasc: 12 págs: 8644 - 8654, DOI:10.3168/jds.2015-9353
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 98 No. 12 (2015)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 8654
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 12 (2015)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 8644
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 98
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Milo C. Wiltbank, Giovanni M. Baez, Fenella Cochrane, Rafael V. Barletta, Cheryl R. Trayford, Robert T. Joseph, Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 98, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 8644-8654, ISSN 0022-0302, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9353.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Dairy Science
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv user license are protected by copyright.
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 11 Páginas
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Dairy Science
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spelling Milo C., Wiltbankef0dc719e26fd548fc98065e7bfcdd18Baez, Giovannib18821a2a726f7505ba690b97bd8ba58600Cochrane, Fenellaa56744ce327e64d64f6de68239f1ee53Barletta, Rafael Vea9557c2a28f3064ee7dd699685464f8Trayford, Cheryl R.1a171e0632503eaf571e324a4a183b4bRobert T., Josephc7ae5620110e70c9d39d3eafa22bb36d2022-03-28T15:28:33Z2022-03-28T15:28:33Z2015-11-18https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6439https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9353The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) during Ovsynch on regression of the corpus luteum (CL) and on fertility to the timed artificial insemination. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, cows were randomized to receive (1) no additional treatments with PGF = 1 PGF, or (2) a second PGF treatment at 24 h after the first PGF treatment = 2 PGF. The first experiment (n = 344 synchronized lactating dairy cows that received artificial insemination at 81 ± 3 d in milk) used the Double-Ovsynch protocol for synchronizing ovulation. Blood samples were collected at the PGF and final GnRH treatments (72 and 16 h before timed artificial insemination) during the breeding Ovsynch protocol, to determine CL regression in response to the protocol. Treatment with 2 PGF increased CL regression from 83.0% with 1 PGF to 97.0% with 2 PGF. The effect of 2 PGF on CL regression was observed in both primiparous and multiparous cows. Cows with lower (2.0 to 4.8 ng/mL) versus greater (4.9 to 12.0 ng/mL) circulating progesterone at the time of PGF had lower percentage of cows with complete CL regression after 1 PGF (66.7 vs. 88.1%) but not after 2 PGF (95.1 vs. 97.6%). Experiment 2 used 2,148 lactating dairy cows on 11 dairy farms in 4 different regions of the United States. Cows were synchronized with Ovsynch and received timed artificial insemination at 60 ± 3 d in milk. Cows that received 2 PGF had a tendency for increased pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) compared with cows with 1 PGF (36.1 vs. 33.3%). This tendency for improvement in P/AI was observed in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Combining data from the 2 experiments indicated a 9.45% relative increase in P/AI for cows receiving 2 compared with 1 PGF (37.6 vs. 34.4%) with the increase in P/AI observed in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Thus, a second PGF treatment in Ovsynch-type protocols can increase pregnancy success by about 10%, primarily due to enhanced fertility in multiparous cows.11 Páginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Dairy ScienceEstados UnidosJournal of Dairy Science ISSN: 0022-0302, 2015 vol:98 fasc: 12 págs: 8644 - 8654, DOI:10.3168/jds.2015-9353Vol. 98 No. 12 (2015)865412 (2015)864498Milo C. Wiltbank, Giovanni M. Baez, Fenella Cochrane, Rafael V. Barletta, Cheryl R. Trayford, Robert T. Joseph, Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 98, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 8644-8654, ISSN 0022-0302, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9353.Journal of Dairy Scienceuser license are protected by copyright.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215006955#!Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cowsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Ovsynchprostaglandin F2αfertilityreproductionAnderson et al., 2001 L.E. Anderson, Y.L. Wu, S.J. Tsai, M.C. Wiltbank Prostaglandin F-2 alpha receptor in the corpus luteum: Recent information on the gene, messenger ribonucleic acid, and protein Biol. Reprod., 64 (2001), pp. 1041-1047Ayres et al., 2013 H. Ayres, R.M. Ferreira, A.P. Cunha, R.R. Araujo, M.C. Wiltbank Double-Ovsynch in high-producing dairy cows: Effects on progesterone concentrations and ovulation to GnRH treatments Theriogenology, 79 (2013), pp. 159-164Bello et al., 2006 N.M. Bello, J.P. Steibel, J.R. Pursley Optimizing ovulation to first GnRH improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 89 (2006), pp. 3413-3424Bisinotto et al., 2010 R.S. Bisinotto, R.C. Chebel, J.E. Santos Follicular wave of the ovulatory follicle and not cyclic status influences fertility of dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 93 (2010), pp. 3578-3587Brusveen et al., 2009 D.J. Brusveen, A.H. Souza, M.C. Wiltbank Effects of additional prostaglandin F-2 alpha and estradiol-17 beta during Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 92 (2009), pp. 1412-1422Chebel et al., 2006 R.C. Chebel, J.E. Santos, R.L. Cerri, H.M. Rutigliano, R.G. Bruno Reproduction in dairy cows following progesterone insert presynchronization and resynchronization protocols J. Dairy Sci., 89 (2006), pp. 4205-4219Chen et al., 2001 D. Chen, H.W. Fong, J.S. Davis Induction of c-fos and c-jun messenger ribonucleic acid expression by prostaglandin F2alpha is mediated by a protein kinase C-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in bovine luteal cells Endocrinology, 142 (2001), pp. 887-895Davis and Rueda, 2002 J.S. Davis, B.R. Rueda The corpus luteum: An ovarian structure with maternal instincts and suicidal tendencies Front. Biosci., 7 (2002), pp. d1949-d1978Diaz et al., 2002 F.J. Diaz, L.E. Anderson, Y.L. Wu, A. Rabot, S.J. Tsai, M.C. Wiltbank Regulation of progesterone and prostaglandin F-2 alpha production in the CL Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 191 (2002), pp. 65-80Diaz et al., 2000 F.J. Diaz, T.D. Crenshaw, M.C. Wiltbank Prostaglandin F-2 alpha induces distinct physiological responses in porcine corpora lutea after acquisition of luteolytic capacity Biol. Reprod., 63 (2000), pp. 1504-1512Diaz et al., 2011 F.J. Diaz, W. Luo, M.C. Wiltbank Effect of decreasing intraluteal progesterone on sensitivity of the early porcine corpus luteum to the luteolytic actions of prostaglandin F2alpha Biol. Reprod., 84 (2011), pp. 26-33Diaz et al., 2013 F.J. Diaz, W. Luo, M.C. Wiltbank Prostaglandin F2alpha regulation of mRNA for activating protein 1 transcriptional factors in porcine corpora lutea (CL): Lack of induction of JUN and JUND in CL without luteolytic capacity Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 44 (2013), pp. 98-108Diaz and Wiltbank, 2005 F.J. Diaz, M.C. Wiltbank Acquisition of luteolytic capacity involves differential regulation by prostaglandin F2 alpha of genes involved in progesterone biosynthesis in the porcine corpus luteum Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 28 (2005), pp. 172-189El-Zarkouny et al., 2004 S.Z. El-Zarkouny, J.A. Cartmill, B.A. Hensley, J.S. Stevenson Pregnancy in dairy cows after synchronized ovulation regimens with or without presynchronization and progesterone J. Dairy Sci., 87 (2004), pp. 1024-1037Galvao et al., 2007 K.N. Galvao, M.F. Sa Filho, J.E. Santos Reducing the interval from presynchronization to initiation of timed artificial insemination improves fertility in dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 90 (2007), pp. 4212-4218Giordano et al., 2011 J.O. Giordano, P.M. Fricke, M.C. Wiltbank, V.E. Cabrera An economic decision-making support system for selection of reproductive management programs on dairy farms J. Dairy Sci., 94 (2011), pp. 6216-6232Giordano et al., 2010 J.O. Giordano, J.N. Guenther, M.S. Ares, M.C. Wiltbank, P.M. Fricke Presynchronization with hCG 7 d before initiation of Resynch improves fertility similar to a Double-Ovsynch Resynch protocol in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 93 (E. Suppl. 1) (2010), p. 219 (Abstr.)Giordano et al., 2013 J.O. Giordano, M.C. Wiltbank, P.M. Fricke, S. Bas, R. Pawlisch, J.N. Guenther, A.B. Nascimento Effect of increasing GnRH and PGF2α dose during Double-Ovsynch on ovulatory response, luteal regression, and fertility of lactating dairy cows Theriogenology, 80 (2013), pp. 773-783Giordano et al., 2012a J.O. Giordano, M.C. Wiltbank, J.N. Guenther, M.S. Ares, G. Lopes Jr., M.M. Herlihy, P.M. Fricke Effect of presynchronization with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone 7 days before resynchronization of ovulation on fertility in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 95 (2012), pp. 5612-5625Giordano et al., 2012b J.O. Giordano, M.C. Wiltbank, J.N. Guenther, R. Pawlisch, S. Bas, A.P. Cunha, P.M. Fricke Increased fertility in lactating dairy cows resynchronized with Double-Ovsynch compared with Ovsynch initiated 32 d after timed artificial insemination J. Dairy Sci., 95 (2012), pp. 639-653 bHerlihy et al., 2012 M.M. Herlihy, J.O. Giordano, A.H. Souza, H. Ayres, R.M. Ferreira, A. Keskin, A.B. Nascimento, J.N. Guenther, J.M. Gaska, S.J. Kacuba, M.A. Crowe, S.T. Butler, M.C. Wiltbank Presynchronization with Double-Ovsynch improves fertility at first postpartum artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 95 (2012), pp. 7003-7014Keskin et al., 2010 A. Keskin, G. Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu, A. Gumen, E. Karakaya, R. Darici, H. Okut Effect of hCG vs. GnRH at the beginning of the Ovsynch on first ovulation and conception rates in cyclic lactating dairy cows Theriogenology, 74 (2010), pp. 602-607Martins et al., 2011 J.P. Martins, R.K. Policelli, L.M. Neuder, W. Raphael, J.R. Pursley Effects of cloprostenol sodium at final prostaglandin F2alpha of Ovsynch on complete luteolysis and pregnancy per artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 94 (2011), pp. 2815-2824Mondal et al., 2011 M. Mondal, B. Schilling, J. Folger, J.P. Steibel, H. Buchnick, Y. Zalman, J.J. Ireland, R. Meidan, G.W. Smith Deciphering the luteal transcriptome: Potential mechanisms mediating stage-specific luteolytic response of the corpus luteum to prostaglandin F-2 alpha Physiol. Genomics, 43 (2011), pp. 447-456Moreira et al., 2001 F. Moreira, C. Orlandi, C.A. Risco, R. Mattos, F. Lopes, W.W. Thatcher Effects of presynchronization and bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 84 (2001), pp. 1646-1659Nascimento et al., 2014 A.B. Nascimento, A.H. Souza, A. Keskin, R. Sartori, M.C. Wiltbank Lack of complete regression of the Day 5 corpus luteum after one or two doses of PGF(2 alpha) in nonlactating Holstein cows Theriogenology, 81 (2014), pp. 389-395Navanukraw et al., 2004 C. Navanukraw, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, J.D. Kirsch, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, P.M. Fricke A modified presynchronization protocol improves fertility to timed artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 87 (2004), pp. 1551-1557Norman et al., 2009 H.D. Norman, J.R. Wright, S.M. Hubbard, R.H. Miller, J.L. Hutchison Reproductive status of Holstein and Jersey cows in the United States J. Dairy Sci., 92 (2009), pp. 3517-3528Pereira et al., 2013 M.H.C. Pereira, C.P. Sanches, T.G. Guida, A.D.R. Rodrigues, F.L. Aragon, M.B. Veras, P.T. Borges, M.C. Wiltbank, J.L.M. Vasconcelos Timing of prostaglandin F-2 alpha treatment in an estrogen-based protocol for timed artificial insemination or timed embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 96 (2013), pp. 2837-2846Peters and Pursley, 2002 M.W. Peters, J.R. Pursley Fertility of lactating dairy cows treated with Ovsynch after presynchronization injections of PGF(2 alpha) and GnRH J. Dairy Sci., 85 (2002), pp. 2403-24061997 J.R. Pursley, M.R. Kosorok, M.C. Wiltbank Reproductive management of lactating dairy cows using synchronization of ovulation J. Dairy Sci., 80 (1997), pp. 301-306Pursley and Martins, 2011 J.R. Pursley, J.P. Martins Impact of circulating concentrations of progesterone and antral age of the ovulatory follicle on fertility of high-producing lactating dairy cows Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 24 (2011), pp. 267-271Pursley et al., 1995 J.R. Pursley, M.O. Mee, M.C. Wiltbank Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2alpha and GnRH Theriogenology, 44 (1995), pp. 915-923Rabiee et al., 2005 A.R. Rabiee, I.J. Lean, M.A. Stevenson Efficacy of Ovsynch program on reproductive performance in dairy cattle: A meta-analysis J. Dairy Sci., 88 (2005), pp. 2754-2770Ribeiro et al., 2012 E.S. Ribeiro, R.S. Bisinotto, M.G. Favoreto, L.T. Martins, R.L.A. Cerri, F.T. Silvestre, L.F. Greco, W.W. Thatcher, J.E.P. Santos Fertility in dairy cows following presynchronization and administering twice the luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F-2 alpha as one or two injections in the 5-day timed artificial insemination protocol Theriogenology, 78 (2012), pp. 273-284Santos et al., 2010 J.E.P. Santos, C.D. Narciso, F. Rivera, W.W. Thatcher, R.C. Chebel Effect of reducing the period of follicle dominance in a timed artificial insemination protocol on reproduction of dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 93 (2010), pp. 2976-2988Smith and Meidan, 2014 G.W. Smith, R. Meidan Ever-changing cell interactions during the life span of the corpus luteum: Relevance to luteal regression Reprod. Biol., 14 (2014), pp. 75-82Souza et al., 2008 A.H. Souza, H. Ayres, R.M. Ferreira, M.C. Wiltbank A new presynchronization system (Double-Ovsynch) increases fertility at first postpartum timed AI in lactating dairy cows Theriogenology, 70 (2008), pp. 208-215Souza et al., 2005 A.H. Souza, A. Gumen, E.P.B. Silva, A.P. Cunha, J.N. Guenther, C.M. Peto, D.Z. Caraviello, M.C. Wiltbank Effect of estradiol-17 beta supplementation before the last GnRH of the Ovsynch protocol in high producing dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 88 (Suppl. 1) (2005), p. 170Souza et al., 2007 A.H. Souza, A. Gumen, E.P.B. Silva, A.P. Cunha, J.N. Guenther, C.M. Peto, D.Z. Caraviello, M.C. Wiltbank Supplementation with estradiol-17 beta before the last gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection of the Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 90 (2007), pp. 4623-4634Stevenson et al., 2013 J.S. Stevenson, S.L. Pulley, S.L. Hill Short communication: Change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 96 (2013), pp. 5769-57722014 J.S. Stevenson, S.L. Pulley, S.L. Hill Pregnancy outcomes after change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and time of gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in lactating dairy cows J. Dairy Sci., 97 (2014), pp. 7586-7594Thatcher et al., 2006 W.W. Thatcher, T.R. Bilby, J.A. Bartolome, F. Silvestre, C.R. Staples, J.E. Santos Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy cow Theriogenology, 65 (2006), pp. 30-44Tsai et al., 1997 S.J. Tsai, J.L. Juengel, M.C. Wiltbank Hormonal regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in corpora lutea Endocrinology, 138 (1997), pp. 4517-4520Tsai and Wiltbank, 1998 S.J. Tsai, M.C. Wiltbank Prostaglandin F-2 alpha regulates distinct physiological changes in early and mid-cycle bovine corpora lutea Biol. Reprod., 58 (1998), pp. 346-352Wiltbank et al., 2006 M. Wiltbank, H. Lopez, R. Sartori, S. Sangsritavong, A. Gumen Changes in reproductive physiology of lactating dairy cows due to elevated steroid metabolism Theriogenology, 65 (2006), pp. 17-29Wiltbank, 1994 M.C. Wiltbank Cell types and hormonal mechanisms associated with mid-cycle corpus luteum function J. Anim. Sci., 72 (1994), pp. 1873-1883Wiltbank et al., 2014a M.C. Wiltbank, G.M. Baez, J.L.M. Vasconcelos, M. Pereira, A.H. Souza, R. Sartori, J.R. Pursley The physiology and impact on fertility of the period of proestrus in lactating dairy cows Anim. Reprod., 11 (2014), pp. 225-236Wiltbank and Pursley, 2014 M.C. 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Meidan Regulation of angiogenesis-related prostaglandin F2alpha-induced genes in the bovine corpus luteum Biol. Reprod., 86 (2012), p. 92ORIGINALEffect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows.pdfEffect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows.pdfapplication/pdf467734https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6439/1/Effect%20of%20a%20second%20treatment%20with%20prostaglandin%20F2%ce%b1%20during%20the%20Ovsynch%20protocol%20on%20luteolysis%20and%20pregnancy%20in%20dairy%20cows.pdfd973b2082cb93b99bcd4a88bfe589e2dMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6439/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTEffect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows.pdf.txtEffect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0002-9382-5962b18821a2a726f7505ba690b97bd8ba58600

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