Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal
By electrochemical anodization to titanium sheets, titanium dioxide nanostructures were sintered for 10 V and 20 V and times of 3 hours and 5 hours. For the electrolytic solution, 0.3 g of ammonium fluoride, 97 mL of ethylene glycol and 3 mL of distilled water were used. The sheets (51 mm × 21 mm ×...
- Autores:
-
RIVERA BERMUDEZ, INGRID PAOLA
Alarcón Rodríguez1, V
Peña Rodríguez, G
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6586
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6586
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- openAccess
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- Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal |
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RIVERA BERMUDEZ, INGRID PAOLA Alarcón Rodríguez1, V Peña Rodríguez, G |
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RIVERA BERMUDEZ, INGRID PAOLA Alarcón Rodríguez1, V Peña Rodríguez, G |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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By electrochemical anodization to titanium sheets, titanium dioxide nanostructures were sintered for 10 V and 20 V and times of 3 hours and 5 hours. For the electrolytic solution, 0.3 g of ammonium fluoride, 97 mL of ethylene glycol and 3 mL of distilled water were used. The sheets (51 mm × 21 mm × 0.4 mm) were treated using abrasive paper and cleaned with a 1:1 solution of ethanol water by means of ultrasound and dried using hot air. A stirring frequency of 300 rpm was used during anodizing. For the sintering of the titanium dioxide anatase phase, heat treatment was applied at 550 °C for 3 hours by means of an electric muffle, with heating speed of 10 °C/min. The crystallinity index, and the quantification of the sintered phases was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, while the nanoporosities and their distribution were carried out using imageJ software to the images taken by means of scanning electron microscopy. For the photocatalytic treatment of the methylene blue dye in water, the titanium dioxide nanostructures that reported the highest anatase phase were used, where ultraviolet C radiation from a led lamp was applied for 4 direct hours. The efficiency in the removal of the dye was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, finding the highest degradation of the dye for the wavelength of 644 nm. |
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2021 |
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2021-06-04 |
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2022-11-22T19:32:22Z |
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2022-11-22T19:32:22Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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10.1088/1742-6596/2046/1/012041 |
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eng |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 2046, 5+1 International Meeting for Researchers in Materials and Plasma Technology (5+1 IMRMPT), 2 - 4 June 2021, Medellín, Colombia |
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Vol. 2049 N0.012041 (2021) |
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7 |
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012041 (2021) |
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1 |
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Vol.2046 |
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P Rivera Bermudez et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2046 012041 |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd |
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08 Páginas |
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Reino Unido |
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RIVERA BERMUDEZ, INGRID PAOLA417fc71be6ca4c7f5bab82c9a97e5846600Alarcón Rodríguez1, Va1587f6115159dad994f2b5f2847c031Peña Rodríguez, G22d347192d653febb4a2d674a799b1c6Journal of Physics: Conference Series2022-11-22T19:32:22Z2022-11-22T19:32:22Z2021-06-04https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/658610.1088/1742-6596/2046/1/012041By electrochemical anodization to titanium sheets, titanium dioxide nanostructures were sintered for 10 V and 20 V and times of 3 hours and 5 hours. For the electrolytic solution, 0.3 g of ammonium fluoride, 97 mL of ethylene glycol and 3 mL of distilled water were used. The sheets (51 mm × 21 mm × 0.4 mm) were treated using abrasive paper and cleaned with a 1:1 solution of ethanol water by means of ultrasound and dried using hot air. A stirring frequency of 300 rpm was used during anodizing. For the sintering of the titanium dioxide anatase phase, heat treatment was applied at 550 °C for 3 hours by means of an electric muffle, with heating speed of 10 °C/min. The crystallinity index, and the quantification of the sintered phases was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, while the nanoporosities and their distribution were carried out using imageJ software to the images taken by means of scanning electron microscopy. For the photocatalytic treatment of the methylene blue dye in water, the titanium dioxide nanostructures that reported the highest anatase phase were used, where ultraviolet C radiation from a led lamp was applied for 4 direct hours. The efficiency in the removal of the dye was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, finding the highest degradation of the dye for the wavelength of 644 nm.08 Páginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 2046, 5+1 International Meeting for Researchers in Materials and Plasma Technology (5+1 IMRMPT), 2 - 4 June 2021, Medellín, ColombiaVol. 2049 N0.012041 (2021)7012041 (2021)1Vol.2046P Rivera Bermudez et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2046 012041Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesPublished under licence by IOP Publishing Ltdhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2046/1/012041Electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removalArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Reino UnidoBaan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V 2006 Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc The Lancet Oncology 7(4) 295Bavykin D V, Friedrich J M, Walsh F C 2006 Protonated titanates and TiO2 nanostructured materials: synthesis, properties, and applications Advanced Materials 18(21) 2807McCullagh C, Robertson J M, Bahnemann D W, Robertson P K 2007 The application of TiO2 photocatalysis for disinfection of water contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms: a review Research on Chemical Intermediates 33(3–5) 359Vandebriel R J, Vermeulen J P, van Engelen L B, de Jong B, Verhagen L M, de la Fonteyne-Blankestijn L J, Hoonakker M E, de Jong W H 2018 The crystal structure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles influences immune activity in vitro and in vivo Particle and Fibre Toxicology 15(1) 9Jafari S, Mahyad B, Hashemzadeh H, Janzafa S, Gholikhani T, Tayebi L 2020 Biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures: recent advances International Journal of Nanomedicine 15 3447Esfahani R N, Khaghani S, Azizi A, Mortazaeinezhad F, Gomarian M 2020 Facile and eco-friendly synthesis of TiO2 NPs using extracts of Verbascum thapsus plant: an efficient photocatalyst for reduction of Cr (VI) ions in the aqueous solution Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 17(1) 205Damas Resende P, Rabelo Junqueira R M, Dornelas Silva J, Azevedo Lopes N I, Arruda Santos L, Lopes Buono V T 2020 Comparative study of nanostructured titania grown by electrochemical anodization of αTi and β-TiNi substrates in organic electrolytes Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9(5) 10121Gong D, Grimes C A, Varghese O K, Hu W, Singh R S, Chen Z, Dickey E C 2001 Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation Journal of Materials Research 16(12) 3331Yoo H, Kim M, Kim Y-T, Lee K, Choi J 2018 Catalyst-doped anodic TiO2 nanotubes: binder-free electrodes for (photo)electrochemical reactions Catalysts 8(11) 555Yung-Huang C, Yuan-Tsung C, Chien-Sheng H, Chia-Ling L, Shih-Hung L, Bohr-Ran H, Chih C 2018 Growth mechanism of self-assembled TixWyO nanotubes fabricated by TiW alloy anodization Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165(10) D477Katal R, Masudy-Panah, S, Tanhaei M, Farahani M H, Jiangyong, H 2020 A review on the synthesis of the various types of anatase TiO2 facets and their applications for photocatalysis Chem. Eng. J. 384 123384Bingham M, Mills A 2020 Photonic efficiency, and selectivity study of M (M = Pt, Pd, Au and Ag)/TiO2 photocatalysts for methanol reforming in the gas phase J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 389 112257Tarcea C I, Pantilimon C M, Matei E, Predescu A M, Berbecaru A C, Rapa M, Turcanu A, Predescu C 2020 Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using TiO2 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 as photocatalysts IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 877 012008Bakbolat B, Daulbayeb C, Sultanov F, Beissenov R, Umirzakov A, Mereke A, Bekbaev A, Chuprakov I 2020 Recent developments of TiO2-based photocatalysis in the hydrogen evolution and photodegradation: a review Nanomaterials 10 1790Torres López C 2013 Fotocatálisis en Nanotubos Metaestables de TiO2 Sobre Electrodos de Ti para la Degradación de Naranja de Metilo (Querétaro: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica)Sopha H, Norikawa Y, Motola M, Hromadko L, Rodriguez J, Cerny J, Nohira T, Yasuda K, Macak J 2020 Anodization of electrodeposited titanium films towards TiO2 nanotube layers Electrochemistry Communications 118 106788Siampiringue M, Massard C, Caudron E, Sibaud Y, Sarakha M, Awitor K 2016 Impact of annealing treatment on the behaviour of titanium dioxide nanotube layers Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 7 142Park S, Baker J, Himmel M, Parilla P, Johnson D 2010 Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance Biotechnology for Biofuels 3 10Dubed Bandom G 2017 Síntesis y Caracterización Fisicoquímica y Fotoelectroquímica de Membranas de Nanotubos de TiO2 (MNTs-TiO2) Modificadas con Materiales Electrocatalíticos (Querétaro: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica)Reynaud Morales A G, Cuevas Arteaga C 2013 Preparación de nanoestructuras porosas de TiO2 por anodización a bajo potencial en electrólito acuoso de CH3COOH/HF Superficies y Vacío 26(2) 64Concha Guzmán M O, Reynaud Morales A G, Cuevas Arteaga C, Rincón González M E 2010 Crecimiento de nanoestructuras de TiO2 obtenidas a bajo potencial por reacción anódica en soluciones ácidas H2SO4/HF Superficies y Vacío 23(S) 183Hoseinzadeh T, Ghorannevis Z, Ghoranneviss M, Sari A, Salem M 2017 Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 11 243Michalska-Domanska M, Łazinska M, Łukasiewicz J, Mol J, Durejko T 2020 Self-organized anodic oxides on titanium alloys prepared from glycol- and glycerol-based electrolytes Materials 13 4743Chernozem R V, Surmeneva M A, Surmenev R A 2016 Influence of anodization time and voltage on the parameters of TiO2 nanotubes IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 116 012025Nosrati R, Olad A, Shakoori S 2017 Preparation of an antibacterial, hydrophilic and photocatalytically active polyacrylic coating using TiO2 nanoparticles sensitized by graphene oxide Materials Science and Engineering C 80 642Xiong X, Tian R, Lin X, Chu D, Li S 2015 Formation and photocatalytic activity of BaTiO3 nanotubes via hydrothermal process Journal of Nanomaterials 16(1) 173Dinh V P, Huynh T D, Le H M, Nguyen V D, Dao V A, Hung N Q, Tuyen L A, Lee S, Yi J, Nguyen T D, Tan L V 2019 Insight into the adsorption mechanisms of methylene blue and chromium (III) from aqueous solution onto pomelo fruit pee Royal Society of Chemistry Advances 9 25847Tardivo J P, Del Giglio A, Santos de Oliveira C, Santesso Gabrielli D, Couto Junqueira H, Batista Tada D, Severino D, de Fatima Turchiello R, Baptista M 2005 Methylene blue in photodynamic therapy: from basic mechanisms to clinical application Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 2 175Vásquez A L, Almanza O, Acosta M F, Tio B O 2016 Degradación fotocatalítica de contaminantes orgánicos presentes en agua residual de la industria litográfica mediante oxido de bismuto(III)/oxido de titanio (Bi2O3/TiO2) Información Tecnológica 27(1) 147ORIGINALElectrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal.pdfElectrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and its application in the in dye photocatalytic removal.pdfapplication/pdf1461456https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6586/1/Electrochemical%20synthesis%20of%20titanium%20dioxide%20nanostructures%20and%20its%20application%20in%20the%20in%20dye%20photocatalytic%20removal.pdff2ffe528283d3b54daff82fb97826377MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/6586/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessTEXTElectrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0003-1685-4695417fc71be6ca4c7f5bab82c9a97e5846600 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