Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga

Digital

Autores:
Ardila-Morales, María Paula
Barriga-Trujillo, Valentina
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad de Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Universidad de Santander
Idioma:
spa
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oai:repositorio.udes.edu.co:001/8264
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.udes.edu.co
https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/8264
Palabra clave:
Coronavirus Felino
Seroprevalencia
Factores de Riesgo
ELISA
Epidemiología
Feline Coronavirus
Seroprevalence
Risk Factors
ELISA
Epidemiology
Rights
openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Coronavirus in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga
title Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
spellingShingle Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
Coronavirus Felino
Seroprevalencia
Factores de Riesgo
ELISA
Epidemiología
Feline Coronavirus
Seroprevalence
Risk Factors
ELISA
Epidemiology
title_short Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
title_full Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
title_fullStr Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
title_sort Seroprevalencia y Factores de Riesgo del Coronavirus Felino en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ardila-Morales, María Paula
Barriga-Trujillo, Valentina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Goyeneche-Patiño, Diego Andrés
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ardila-Morales, María Paula
Barriga-Trujillo, Valentina
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Celis-Estupiñan, Anny Lucia
Barrera-Rivera, Jennifer
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Coronavirus Felino
Seroprevalencia
Factores de Riesgo
ELISA
Epidemiología
topic Coronavirus Felino
Seroprevalencia
Factores de Riesgo
ELISA
Epidemiología
Feline Coronavirus
Seroprevalence
Risk Factors
ELISA
Epidemiology
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Feline Coronavirus
Seroprevalence
Risk Factors
ELISA
Epidemiology
description Digital
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-31
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-31T15:43:00Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-31T15:43:00Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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url https://repositorio.udes.edu.co
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dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
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dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Addie, D., Belak, S., Boucaurt-Baralon, C., Egberink, H. F., Frymus, T., & Guffydd-Jones, T. (2009). Feline Infectious Peritonitis ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(7), 529-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.001
An, D.-J., Jeoung, H.-Y., Jeong, W., Park, J.-Y., Lee, M.-H., & Park, B.-K. (2011). Prevalence of Korean cats with natural feline coronavirus infections. Virology Journal, 8(1), 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-455
Bell, E., Toribio, J., White, J., Malik, R., & Norris, J. (2007). Seroprevalence study of Feline Coronavirus in owned and feral cats in Sydney, Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal, 84(3), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12231.x
Cave, T. A., Golder, M. C., Simpson, J., & Addie, D. D. (2004). Risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a UK rescue charity. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 6(2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2004.01.003
Chang, H.-W., Egberink, H. F., Halpin, R., Spiro, D. J., & Rottier, P. J. M. (2012). Spike Protein Fusion Peptide and Feline Coronavirus Virulence. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(7), 1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.120143
Dedeurwaerder, A., Olyslaegers, D. A. J., Desmarets, L. M. B., Roukaerts, I. D. M., Theuns, S., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2014). ORF7-encoded accessory protein 7a of feline infectious peritonitis virus as a counteragent against IFN-α-induced antiviral response. Journal of General Virology, 95(2), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.058743-0
Delgado, K. (2018). Seroprevalencia Y Evaluación Molecular De Coronavirus Felino En Bucaramanga Utilizando RT-PCR.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12494/11667/1/2018_Seroprevalencia_eva luaci%c3%b3n.pdf
Desmarets, L. M. B., Vermeulen, B. L., Theuns, S., Conceição-Neto, N., Zeller, M., Roukaerts, I. D. M., Acar, D. D., Olyslaegers, D. A. J., Van Ranst, M., Matthijnssens, J., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2016). Experimental feline enteric coronavirus infection reveals an aberrant infection pattern and shedding of mutants with impaired infectivity in enterocyte cultures. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 20022. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20022
Drechsler, Y., Alcaraz, A., Bossong, F. J., Collisson, E. W., & Diniz, P. P. V. P. (2011). Feline Coronavirus in Multicat Environments. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41(6), 1133-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.004
Holst, B. S., Englund, L., Palacios, S., Renström, L., & Berndtsson, L. T. (2006). Prevalence of antibodies against feline coronavirus and Chlamydophila felis in Swedish cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 8(3), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.12.004
Klein-Richers, U., Hartmann, K., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Unterer, S., Bergmann, M., Rieger, A., Leutenegger, C., Pantchev, N., Balzer, J., & Felten, S. (2020). Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Shedding in German Catteries and Associated Risk Factors. Viruses, 12(9), 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091000
Lucena Lizarazo, A. I., & Pallares Mazzeo, L. M. (2018). Seroprevalencia De Anticuerpos Anti Coronavirus Felino (FCoV) En Dos Albergues De La Ciudad De Bucaramanga. https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/1864?mode=full
McKay, L. A., Meachem, M., Snead, E., Brannen, T., Mutlow, N., Ruelle, L., & Davies, J. L. (2019). Prevalence and mutation analysis of the spike protein in feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis detected in household and shelter cats in western Canada. 6.
Oğuzoğlu, T. Ç., Muz, D., Ti̇Murkan, M. Ö., Maral, N., & Gurcan, İ. S. (2013). Prevalences of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Parvovirus (FPV) among domestic cats in Ankara, Turkey. Revue Méd. Vét., 6.
Oh, Y.-I., Seo, K.-W., Kim, D.-H., & Cheon, D.-S. (2021). Prevalence, co-infection and seasonality of fecal enteropathogens from diarrheic cats in the Republic of Korea (2016– 2019): A retrospective study. BMC Veterinary Research, 17(1), 367. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03075-6
Pedersen, N. C. (2009). A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963–2008. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(4), 225-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2008.09.008
Pedersen, N. C. (2014). An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Diagnostics and therapeutics. The Veterinary Journal, 201(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.016
Pedersen, N. C., Sato, R., Foley, J. E., & Poland, A. M. (2004). Common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 6(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.008
Pratelli, A., Yesilbag, K., Siniscalchi, M., Yalçm, E., & Yilmaz, Z. (2009). Prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in Bursa province, Turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(10), 881-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.02.008
Prieto, M., & Acuña, A. (2012). Actualización de la Peritonitis Infecciosa Felina. 4, 9
Riemer, F., Kuehner, K. A., Ritz, S., Sauter-Louis, C., & Hartmann, K. (2016). Clinical and laboratory features of cats with feline infectious peritonitis – a retrospective study of 231 confirmed cases (2000–2010). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X15586209
Rodríguez, J. C. B., Betancur, A. M., Salcedo, K., & León, S. P. (2017). Caso clínico felino con peritonitis infecciosa felina (PIF) ocasionado por un coronavirus—Feline clinical case with feline. 10.
Sharif, S., Arshad, S. S., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A. R., Zeenathul, N. A., & Alazawy, A. (2010). Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/809480
Sharif, S., Arshad, S. S., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A. R., Zeenathul, N. A., & Hafidz, M. A. (2009). Prevalence of feline coronavirus in two cat populations in Malaysia. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(12), 1031-1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.08.005
Taharaguchi, S., Soma, T., & Hara, M. (2012). Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Japanese Domestic Cats during the Past Decade. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 74(10), 1355-1358. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.11-0577
Tekes, G., & Thiel, H.-J. (2016). Feline Coronaviruses. En Advances in Virus Research (Vol. 96, pp. 193-218). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.002
Valencia G, A. C., Delgado-Villamizar, K., & Ruiz-Saenz, J. (2021). Diagnóstico serológico y molecular del coronavirus felino en las américas. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 26(2), e2041. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.2041
Worthing, K. A., Wigney, D. I., Dhand, N. K., Fawcett, A., McDonagh, P., Malik, R., & Norris, J. M. (2012). Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis in Australian cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(6), 405-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X12441875
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spelling Goyeneche-Patiño, Diego Andrésa8bf4ff9-b599-4e6f-bf50-6e4876780359-1Ardila-Morales, María Paula829e2611-d2ac-42ad-81e7-dd4c2b02592e-1Barriga-Trujillo, Valentina007a4221-e2bb-4d61-8b91-ef2901ebd8bd-1Celis-Estupiñan, Anny Lucia3a2f6eb9-18a4-4ddd-ab39-43ac78949191-1Barrera-Rivera, Jenniferfe672c30-7e02-4d2d-813d-96c94593f3de-12023-03-31T15:43:00Z2023-03-31T15:43:00Z2022-10-31DigitalEl coronavirus felino (FCoV) es un agente infeccioso viral, tipo ARN monocatenario, con envoltura, perteneciente a la familia Coronaviridae del orden Nidovirales. Se ha reportado la existencia de dos serotipos: I y II, demostrándose que el tipo I es el más prevalente y el causante de enfermedad diarreica y de peritonitis infecciosa felina. Se caracteriza por ser endémico y en la actualidad se carece de estudios suficientes que estimen la prevalencia en gatos domésticos de Colombia y la región, por ende, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la seroprevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad. Se evaluaron 185 gatos provenientes de los municipios de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Piedecuesta y Girón, a los cuales se les tomó 0.5 ml de sangre para la obtención de suero, adicionalmente se realizó una encuesta epidemiológica para determinar los posibles factores de riesgo. Posteriormente se realizó un test de ELISA de los sueros, utilizando el kit comercial INgezim® Corona Felino 16.FCV. K.1 (INGENASA, Madrid, España) para la determinación de anticuerpos. Para estimar asociación estadística entre la prevalencia y las variables se realizó la prueba estadística chi cuadrado. Se encontró que 60 de 185 gatos fueron positivos para FCoV, resultando una prevalencia general de 32,4%. Las prevalencias para las ciudades de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Piedecuesta y Girón fueron 30%, 36.6%, 28.3% y 5%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, se obtuvo la información de variables intrínsecas al animal (sexo, edad, condición corporal, pelaje) y variables de manejo (alojamiento, limpieza de arenero, hogares multicat, etc.). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo, las variables: edad, animales menores a un año (3.44) y animales mayores a cinco años (1.96) con significancia estadística de P=0.016 y gatos viviendo en albergues (3.05) con significancia de P=0.048. Los resultados anteriores muestran la situación epidemiológica del FCoV, un virus endémico de alta morbilidad.Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is an infectious viral agent, ARN single-stranded, with envelope belonging to Coronaviridae family and Nidovirales order. There are two serotypes: I and II, type I is the most prevalent and the cause of diarrheic disease and the severe form feline infectious peritonitis. This virus is considered endemic, howeverthere is a lack of epidemiological studies that estimate the prevalence of the diseases in domestic cats from Bucaramanga or Colombia, therefore, this study aimed to deterimine the seroprevalence and risk factors of FCoV. In total185 cats from the cities of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Piedecuesta and Giron, were screened, taken 0,5 ml of blood for serum obtention, additionally an epidemiological survey was performed to determinate possible risk factors. Cat serums were tested for the presence of antibodies anto FCoV using ELISA comercial kit INgezim® Feline Corona 16.FCV.K1 (Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain) t to determine statistic association between prevalence and population and handling variables, chi square test was used. It was found that 60 of 185 cats were positive to FCoV, resulting in a general prevalence of 32.4%. The prevalence for the cities of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Piedecuesta and Girón were 30%,36.6%,28.3% and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, analysis of population variables (sex, age, corporal condition and hair) and handling variables (hosting, sandbox cleaning, multicat homes, etc.) showed that that animals with an age minor to one year (3.44), animals over five years (1.98 and (P= 0.016), and. cats living in shelters (3.05 and P = 0.048 of were considered as risk factos. The results show the epidemiological situation of FCoV, in a specific area in Colombia with middle range prevalence.PregradoMédico VeterinarioIntroducción .................................................................................................................................. 17 Materiales y Métodos.................................................................................................................... 22 Tipo de Investigación.................................................................................................................... 22 Población y Muestreo ................................................................................................................... 22 Encuesta ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Procesamiento de la Muestra ........................................................................................................ 23 Detección de Anticuerpos Anti-Coronavirus Felino..................................................................... 23 Análisis Estadístico....................................................................................................................... 24 Resultados..................................................................................................................................... 25 Factores de Riesgo Intrínsecos del Animal................................................................................... 26 Factores de Riesgo Asociados al Estilo de Vida del Animal........................................................ 28 Discusión....................................................................................................................................... 31 Conclusiones................................................................................................................................. 36 Referencias Bibliográficas............................................................................................................ 37 Apéndices...................................................................................................................................... 4247 papplication/pdfUniversidad de SantanderT 35 22 A724sRepositorio Digital Universidad de Santanderhttps://repositorio.udes.edu.cohttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/8264spaUniversidad de SantanderBucaramangaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y AgropecuariasBucaramanga, ColombiaMedicina VeterinariaAddie, D., Belak, S., Boucaurt-Baralon, C., Egberink, H. F., Frymus, T., & Guffydd-Jones, T. (2009). Feline Infectious Peritonitis ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(7), 529-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.001An, D.-J., Jeoung, H.-Y., Jeong, W., Park, J.-Y., Lee, M.-H., & Park, B.-K. (2011). Prevalence of Korean cats with natural feline coronavirus infections. Virology Journal, 8(1), 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-455Bell, E., Toribio, J., White, J., Malik, R., & Norris, J. (2007). Seroprevalence study of Feline Coronavirus in owned and feral cats in Sydney, Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal, 84(3), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12231.xCave, T. A., Golder, M. C., Simpson, J., & Addie, D. D. (2004). Risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a UK rescue charity. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 6(2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2004.01.003Chang, H.-W., Egberink, H. F., Halpin, R., Spiro, D. J., & Rottier, P. J. M. (2012). Spike Protein Fusion Peptide and Feline Coronavirus Virulence. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(7), 1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.120143Dedeurwaerder, A., Olyslaegers, D. A. J., Desmarets, L. M. B., Roukaerts, I. D. M., Theuns, S., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2014). ORF7-encoded accessory protein 7a of feline infectious peritonitis virus as a counteragent against IFN-α-induced antiviral response. Journal of General Virology, 95(2), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.058743-0Delgado, K. (2018). Seroprevalencia Y Evaluación Molecular De Coronavirus Felino En Bucaramanga Utilizando RT-PCR.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12494/11667/1/2018_Seroprevalencia_eva luaci%c3%b3n.pdfDesmarets, L. M. B., Vermeulen, B. L., Theuns, S., Conceição-Neto, N., Zeller, M., Roukaerts, I. D. M., Acar, D. D., Olyslaegers, D. A. J., Van Ranst, M., Matthijnssens, J., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2016). Experimental feline enteric coronavirus infection reveals an aberrant infection pattern and shedding of mutants with impaired infectivity in enterocyte cultures. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 20022. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20022Drechsler, Y., Alcaraz, A., Bossong, F. J., Collisson, E. W., & Diniz, P. P. V. P. (2011). Feline Coronavirus in Multicat Environments. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41(6), 1133-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.004Holst, B. S., Englund, L., Palacios, S., Renström, L., & Berndtsson, L. T. (2006). Prevalence of antibodies against feline coronavirus and Chlamydophila felis in Swedish cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 8(3), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.12.004Klein-Richers, U., Hartmann, K., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Unterer, S., Bergmann, M., Rieger, A., Leutenegger, C., Pantchev, N., Balzer, J., & Felten, S. (2020). Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Shedding in German Catteries and Associated Risk Factors. Viruses, 12(9), 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091000Lucena Lizarazo, A. I., & Pallares Mazzeo, L. M. (2018). Seroprevalencia De Anticuerpos Anti Coronavirus Felino (FCoV) En Dos Albergues De La Ciudad De Bucaramanga. https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/1864?mode=fullMcKay, L. A., Meachem, M., Snead, E., Brannen, T., Mutlow, N., Ruelle, L., & Davies, J. L. (2019). Prevalence and mutation analysis of the spike protein in feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis detected in household and shelter cats in western Canada. 6.Oğuzoğlu, T. Ç., Muz, D., Ti̇Murkan, M. Ö., Maral, N., & Gurcan, İ. S. (2013). Prevalences of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Parvovirus (FPV) among domestic cats in Ankara, Turkey. Revue Méd. Vét., 6.Oh, Y.-I., Seo, K.-W., Kim, D.-H., & Cheon, D.-S. (2021). Prevalence, co-infection and seasonality of fecal enteropathogens from diarrheic cats in the Republic of Korea (2016– 2019): A retrospective study. BMC Veterinary Research, 17(1), 367. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03075-6Pedersen, N. C. (2009). A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963–2008. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(4), 225-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2008.09.008Pedersen, N. C. (2014). An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Diagnostics and therapeutics. The Veterinary Journal, 201(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.016Pedersen, N. C., Sato, R., Foley, J. E., & Poland, A. M. (2004). Common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 6(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.008Pratelli, A., Yesilbag, K., Siniscalchi, M., Yalçm, E., & Yilmaz, Z. (2009). Prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in Bursa province, Turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(10), 881-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.02.008Prieto, M., & Acuña, A. (2012). Actualización de la Peritonitis Infecciosa Felina. 4, 9Riemer, F., Kuehner, K. A., Ritz, S., Sauter-Louis, C., & Hartmann, K. (2016). Clinical and laboratory features of cats with feline infectious peritonitis – a retrospective study of 231 confirmed cases (2000–2010). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X15586209Rodríguez, J. C. B., Betancur, A. M., Salcedo, K., & León, S. P. (2017). Caso clínico felino con peritonitis infecciosa felina (PIF) ocasionado por un coronavirus—Feline clinical case with feline. 10.Sharif, S., Arshad, S. S., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A. R., Zeenathul, N. A., & Alazawy, A. (2010). Diagnostic Methods for Feline Coronavirus: A Review. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/809480Sharif, S., Arshad, S. S., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A. R., Zeenathul, N. A., & Hafidz, M. A. (2009). Prevalence of feline coronavirus in two cat populations in Malaysia. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(12), 1031-1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.08.005Taharaguchi, S., Soma, T., & Hara, M. (2012). Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Japanese Domestic Cats during the Past Decade. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 74(10), 1355-1358. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.11-0577Tekes, G., & Thiel, H.-J. (2016). Feline Coronaviruses. En Advances in Virus Research (Vol. 96, pp. 193-218). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.002Valencia G, A. C., Delgado-Villamizar, K., & Ruiz-Saenz, J. (2021). Diagnóstico serológico y molecular del coronavirus felino en las américas. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 26(2), e2041. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.2041Worthing, K. A., Wigney, D. I., Dhand, N. K., Fawcett, A., McDonagh, P., Malik, R., & Norris, J. M. (2012). Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis in Australian cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(6), 405-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X12441875Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2022. 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