Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica

57 p. cd

Autores:
Vásquez Rincón, Raúl F.
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Universidad de Santander
Repositorio:
Repositorio Universidad de Santander
Idioma:
spa
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oai:repositorio.udes.edu.co:001/1222
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/1222
Palabra clave:
Impedancia eléctrica
Balance hídrico
Cuidados críticos
ECMO
Cirugía cardíaca
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2017
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
title Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
spellingShingle Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
Impedancia eléctrica
Balance hídrico
Cuidados críticos
ECMO
Cirugía cardíaca
title_short Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
title_full Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
title_fullStr Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
title_full_unstemmed Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
title_sort Bioimpedancia eléctrica en pacientes en pos-operatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y en pacientes sometidos a terapia ECMO: Análisis de su potencial utilidad clínica
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Vásquez Rincón, Raúl F.
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Orozco Levi, Mauricio
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Vásquez Rincón, Raúl F.
dc.contributor.educationalvalidator.spa.fl_str_mv Pizarro Gómez, Camilo-Ernesto
Llanes Pelegrin, Reimundo-Jesús
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Impedancia eléctrica
Balance hídrico
Cuidados críticos
ECMO
Cirugía cardíaca
topic Impedancia eléctrica
Balance hídrico
Cuidados críticos
ECMO
Cirugía cardíaca
description 57 p. cd
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2017-06-02
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-02-21T23:36:35Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-02-21T23:36:35Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Especialización
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Basso, F. et al. (2013). "Fluid management in the intensive care unit: bioelectrical impedance vector analysis as a tool to assess hydration status and optimal fluid balance in critically ill patients." Blood purification 36(3-4): 192-199.
Jones, S. L. et al. (2015). "Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in critically ill patients: a prospective, clinician-blinded investigation." Critical Care 19(1): 1- 11.
Lee, J., et al. (2015). "Association between fluid balance and survival in critically ill patients." J Intern Med 277(4): 468-477.
Vincent, J.-L., et al. (2006). "Sepsis in European intensive care units: Results of the SOAP study*." Critical care medicine 34(2): 344-353.
NCEPOD. Knowing the risk. A review of the perioperative care of surgical patient. A report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (2011). Ed Greysquirrel. pág 1-98. Disponible en http://www.ncepod.org.uk/2011report2/downloads/POC_fullreport.pdf
Patil, B., et al. (2011). "Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 22–59 years." Journal of medical engineering & technology 35(2): 109-114.
Foley, K., et al. (1999). "Use of single-frequency bioimpedance at 50 kHz to estimate total body water in patients with multiple organ failure and fluid overload." Crit Care Med 27(8): 1472-1477.
Khalil, S. F., et al. (2014). "The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases." Sensors 14(6): 10895-10928.
Lukaski, H. C. (1999). "Requirements for Clinical Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) a." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 873(1): 72-76.
Wang, Z.-M., et al. (1992). "The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research." The American journal of clinical nutrition 56(1): 19-28.
Ellis, K. J. (2000). "Human body composition: in vivo methods." Physiological reviews 80(2): 649-680.
Schoeller, D., et al. (1985). Measurement of total body water: isotope dilution techniques. Ross Conference on Medical Research. Ross Laboratories, Ohio; 24-9.
De Lorenzo, A., et al. (1997). "Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological review." Journal of Applied Physiology 82(5): 1542-1558.
Matthie, J. R., P. O. Withers, M. D. Van Loan, and P. L. Mayclin. Development of a commercial complex bio-impedance spectroscopic (CBIS) system for determining intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) volumes. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance Kuopio Finland 1992, Kuopio, Finland, University of Kuopio, 1992, p. 203–205.
Malbrain, M. L., et al. (2014). "The use of bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) to guide fluid management, resuscitation and deresuscitation in critically ill patients: a bench-to-bedside review." Anaesthesiology intensive therapy 46(5): 381-391.
Thibault, R., et al. (2012). "Body composition: why, when and for who?" Clinical Nutrition 31(4): 435-447.
Colls, I., et al. (2000). "Identification and monitoring of disordered water balance: Bioelectrical impedance analysis as an alternative to the target weight procedure." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing 9(4): 177-183.
Rikkert, M. G. O., et al. (1997). "Validation of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in monitoring fluid balance in healthy elderly subjects." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 52(3): M137-M141.
Baldwin, C. E., et al. (2012). "Body Composition Analysis in Critically Ill Survivors A Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy Devices." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 36(3): 306-315.
Kyle, U. G., et al. (2004). "Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part I: review of principles and methods." Clinical Nutrition 23(5): 1226-1243.
Kyle, U. G., et al. (2003). "Body composition measurements: interpretation finally made easy for clinical use." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 6(4): 387-393
De Lorenzo, A. and A. Andreoli (2003). "Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 6(5): 551-555.
Foster, K. R. and H. C. Lukaski (1996). "Whole-body impedance--what does it measure?" The American journal of clinical nutrition 64(3): 388S-396S.
Vincent, J.-L., et al. (2011). Textbook of critical care: expert consult premium, Elsevier Health Sciences.
Hoste, E., et al. (2014). "Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model." British journal of anaesthesia 113(5): 740-747.
Payen, D., et al. (2008). "A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure." Critical Care 12(3): R74.
Alsous, F., et al. (2000). "Negative fluid balance predicts survival in patients with septic shock: a retrospective pilot study." CHEST Journal 117(6): 1749- 1754.
Malbrain MLNG, V. R. N. (2012). "Fluid overload is not only of cosmetic concern (Part I): Exploring a new hypothesis." ICU Management 12(1): 30−33.
Malbrain MLNG, C. C., Van Regenmortel N (2012). "Fluid overload is not only of cosmetic concern (Part II): Results from a meta-analysis and practical approach." ICU Management 12(1): 34−37.
Investigators, R. R. T. S. (2012). "An observational study fluid balance and patient outcomes in the randomized evaluation of normal vs. augmented level of replacement therapy trial*." Critical care medicine 40(6): 1753-1760.
Schneider, A. G., et al. (2012). "Estimation of fluid status changes in critically ill patients: Fluid balance chart or electronic bed weight?" Journal of critical care 27(6): 745. e747-745. e712.
Perren, A., et al. (2011). "Fluid balance in critically ill patients. Should we really rely on it?" Minerva anestesiologica 77(8): 802-811.
Hall, J. E. (2015). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology, Elsevier Health Sciences.
McGee, S., et al. (1999). "Is this patient hypovolemic?" Jama 281(11): 1022- 1029.
Palazzo, M. (2001). "Editorial I Circulating volume and clinical assessment of the circulation." British journal of anaesthesia 86(6): 743-746.
Marik, P. E., et al. (2008). "Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness?: a systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares." CHEST Journal 134(1): 172-178.
Don, C., et al. (1990). "Body fluid volume status in hemodialysis patients: the value of the chest radiograph." Canadian Association of Radiologists journal= Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes 41(3): 123-126.
Núñez, J., et al. (2014). "Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure." Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 15:000–000
Alves, F. D., et al. (2015). "Dynamic changes in bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and phase angle in acute decompensated heart failure." Nutrition 31(1): 84-89.
Dittmar, M. (2003). "Reliability and variability of bioimpedance measures in normal adults: effects of age, gender, and body mass." American journal of physical anthropology 122(4): 361-370.
McCullough, A. J., et al. (1991). "Measurements of total body and extracellular water in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites." Hepatology 14(6): 1102- 1111.
Schols, A. M., et al. (2005). "Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Am J Clin Nutr 82(1): 53-59.
Simons, J., et al. (1995). "The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict total body water in patients with cancer cachexia." The American journal of clinical nutrition 61(4): 741-745.
Simons, J., et al. (1999). "Bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess changes intotal body water in patients with cancer." Clinical Nutrition 18(1): 35-39.
Onofriescu, M., et al. (2014). "Bioimpedance-guided fluid management in maintenance hemodialysis: a pilot randomized controlled trial." Am J Kidney Dis 64(1): 111-118.
Maggiore, Q., et al. (1996). "Nutritional and prognostic correlates of bioimpedance indexes in hemodialysis patients." Kidney international 50(6): 2103-2108.
Fein, P. A., et al. (2001). Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis in monitoring nutrition status and survival of peritoneal dialysis patients. Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis.
OMS. Datos sobre la obesidad. Disponible en: www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/es/ [fecha de acceso: marzo de 2017].
Careaga-Reyna G, Martínez-Carballo G, Anza-Costabile L, Ávila-Fúnes A. Euroescore para predecir morbimortalidad en cirugía cardiaca valvular. Cir Ciruj. 2008;76:497-505.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Body Composition Measurement. NIH Technol Assess Statement 1994 Dec 12-14;1-35.
Tuorkey MJ. Bioelectrical Impedance as a Diagnostic Factor in the Clinical Practice and Prognostic Factor for Survival in Cancer Patients: Prediction, Accuracy and Reliability. J Biosens Bioelectron. 2012:3:121. Doi:10.4172/2155-6210.1000121
Ott, M. Fischer, H. Polat, H. Helm, EB. Frenz, M. Caspary, WF. Lembcke, B. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as a Predictor of Survival in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. 1995;9:20-25.
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dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Especialización en Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo
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spelling Orozco Levi, Mauricio35bb5891-51e0-49c0-90fa-c8623d7a476b-1Vásquez Rincón, Raúl F.2a15ecc6-b522-4d51-b18c-b82f035daa4e-1Pizarro Gómez, Camilo-ErnestoLlanes Pelegrin, Reimundo-Jesús2019-02-21T23:36:35Z2019-02-21T23:36:35Z2017-06-0257 p. cdEl estudio de la composición corporal/hidratación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas hace parte del manejo clínico actual. La BIA, no es el estándar de oro pero puede llegar a serlo puesto que es económica, segura, fácil de realizar, no invasiva, con resultados reproducibles y aplicables en todas las personas. Dado la evidencia sobre los efectos deletéreos de los balances positivos y negativos en UCI, establecer de manera objetiva el estado de hidratación en cuidados intensivos se convierte en prioridad. Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad clínica de la medición de la impedancia corporal total a través de SFBIA, en pacientes de cuidado intensivo adultos en la FCV. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. La selección de participantes, recolección de información y análisis se desagregó en paquetes. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, utilizando la prueba de coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, prueba t-Student, Ji-cuadrado. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor-p<0,05, usando el paquete estadístico STATA ® 12.1. Resultados: BIA sin cambios en variaciones de posición y uso de implementos en UCI. Primera cohorte promedio del Delta (pre y pos) Ω=90,8, se correlaciona con el IMC y la PVC(p<0,05). Segunda cohorte promedio del Delta (pre y pos) Ω=112,5. No se evidenció relación entre el balance hídrico y cambios en la BIA. Conclusión: Conocer la evolución de los cambios en la composición corporal es factible gracias a la BIA para cuantificar y seguir de forma no-invasiva diferentes índices clínicos prácticos e identificar pacientes con mayor riesgo de complicaciones potencialmente fatales.The study of body corporal composition in health people and those with chronic disorders are part of the clinical management. BIA is a technique that measure conductivity at a tissue level, it is not the gold standard for total body water measure, but in real life, it could be, because it is economic, safe, easy to take, noninvasive, reproducible, and can be apply to everyone. Given the evidence about the negative side effects of positive and negative fluid balance in intensive care unit (ICU), stablish an objective way to evaluate hydration should be a priority in the ICU. Objective: To analyze the clinical utility of the measure of corporal impedance through single frequency bioimpendance (SF-BIA) in ICU patient hospitalized in the FCV ICU. Methods: Prospective cohort study. The selection of patients, taking of information and analysis was running by packages. Demographic and characteristics were described with measures of central tendency, for the bivariate analysis Pearson coefficient, t-Student. Jisquare were used. Results with values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant using STATA ® 12.1. Results: No changes were found in BIA related to position or ICU environment. In the first cohort Delta (pre – post) Ω=90,8, correlates with corporal index mass (CIM) and central venous pressure (CVP) p<0,05. The second cohort delta (pre – post) Ω=112,5. A relation between fluid balance and changes in BIA was not found. Conclusion: To know the evolution in corporal composition is possible by BIA, quantifying and getting sequential data by a noninvasive method it is possible, and can help to identify patients with high risk of potentially fatal complications.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Medicina Crítica y Cuidado IntensivoCONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 7 2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 9 3. OBJETIVOS 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 11 4. MARCO TEÓRICO 12 5. HIPÓTESIS 20 6. METODOLOGÍA 21 7. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 28 8. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 47 9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 51 ANEXO AEj. 1application/pdfT 71.17 V187bhttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/1222spaBucaramanga : Universidad de Santander, 2017Facultad Ciencias de la SaludEspecialización en Medicina Crítica y Cuidado IntensivoBasso, F. et al. (2013). "Fluid management in the intensive care unit: bioelectrical impedance vector analysis as a tool to assess hydration status and optimal fluid balance in critically ill patients." Blood purification 36(3-4): 192-199.Jones, S. L. et al. (2015). "Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in critically ill patients: a prospective, clinician-blinded investigation." Critical Care 19(1): 1- 11.Lee, J., et al. (2015). "Association between fluid balance and survival in critically ill patients." J Intern Med 277(4): 468-477.Vincent, J.-L., et al. (2006). "Sepsis in European intensive care units: Results of the SOAP study*." Critical care medicine 34(2): 344-353.NCEPOD. Knowing the risk. A review of the perioperative care of surgical patient. A report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (2011). Ed Greysquirrel. pág 1-98. Disponible en http://www.ncepod.org.uk/2011report2/downloads/POC_fullreport.pdfPatil, B., et al. (2011). "Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 22–59 years." Journal of medical engineering & technology 35(2): 109-114.Foley, K., et al. (1999). "Use of single-frequency bioimpedance at 50 kHz to estimate total body water in patients with multiple organ failure and fluid overload." Crit Care Med 27(8): 1472-1477.Khalil, S. F., et al. (2014). "The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases." Sensors 14(6): 10895-10928.Lukaski, H. C. (1999). "Requirements for Clinical Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) a." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 873(1): 72-76.Wang, Z.-M., et al. (1992). "The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research." The American journal of clinical nutrition 56(1): 19-28.Ellis, K. J. (2000). "Human body composition: in vivo methods." Physiological reviews 80(2): 649-680.Schoeller, D., et al. (1985). Measurement of total body water: isotope dilution techniques. Ross Conference on Medical Research. Ross Laboratories, Ohio; 24-9.De Lorenzo, A., et al. (1997). "Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological review." Journal of Applied Physiology 82(5): 1542-1558.Matthie, J. R., P. O. Withers, M. D. Van Loan, and P. L. Mayclin. Development of a commercial complex bio-impedance spectroscopic (CBIS) system for determining intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) volumes. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance Kuopio Finland 1992, Kuopio, Finland, University of Kuopio, 1992, p. 203–205.Malbrain, M. L., et al. (2014). "The use of bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) to guide fluid management, resuscitation and deresuscitation in critically ill patients: a bench-to-bedside review." Anaesthesiology intensive therapy 46(5): 381-391.Thibault, R., et al. (2012). "Body composition: why, when and for who?" Clinical Nutrition 31(4): 435-447.Colls, I., et al. (2000). "Identification and monitoring of disordered water balance: Bioelectrical impedance analysis as an alternative to the target weight procedure." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing 9(4): 177-183.Rikkert, M. G. O., et al. (1997). "Validation of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in monitoring fluid balance in healthy elderly subjects." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 52(3): M137-M141.Baldwin, C. E., et al. (2012). "Body Composition Analysis in Critically Ill Survivors A Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy Devices." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 36(3): 306-315.Kyle, U. G., et al. (2004). "Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part I: review of principles and methods." Clinical Nutrition 23(5): 1226-1243.Kyle, U. G., et al. (2003). "Body composition measurements: interpretation finally made easy for clinical use." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 6(4): 387-393De Lorenzo, A. and A. Andreoli (2003). "Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 6(5): 551-555.Foster, K. R. and H. C. Lukaski (1996). "Whole-body impedance--what does it measure?" The American journal of clinical nutrition 64(3): 388S-396S.Vincent, J.-L., et al. (2011). Textbook of critical care: expert consult premium, Elsevier Health Sciences.Hoste, E., et al. (2014). "Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model." British journal of anaesthesia 113(5): 740-747.Payen, D., et al. (2008). "A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure." Critical Care 12(3): R74.Alsous, F., et al. (2000). "Negative fluid balance predicts survival in patients with septic shock: a retrospective pilot study." CHEST Journal 117(6): 1749- 1754.Malbrain MLNG, V. R. N. (2012). "Fluid overload is not only of cosmetic concern (Part I): Exploring a new hypothesis." ICU Management 12(1): 30−33.Malbrain MLNG, C. C., Van Regenmortel N (2012). "Fluid overload is not only of cosmetic concern (Part II): Results from a meta-analysis and practical approach." ICU Management 12(1): 34−37.Investigators, R. R. T. S. (2012). "An observational study fluid balance and patient outcomes in the randomized evaluation of normal vs. augmented level of replacement therapy trial*." Critical care medicine 40(6): 1753-1760.Schneider, A. G., et al. (2012). "Estimation of fluid status changes in critically ill patients: Fluid balance chart or electronic bed weight?" Journal of critical care 27(6): 745. e747-745. e712.Perren, A., et al. (2011). "Fluid balance in critically ill patients. Should we really rely on it?" Minerva anestesiologica 77(8): 802-811.Hall, J. E. (2015). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology, Elsevier Health Sciences.McGee, S., et al. (1999). "Is this patient hypovolemic?" Jama 281(11): 1022- 1029.Palazzo, M. (2001). "Editorial I Circulating volume and clinical assessment of the circulation." British journal of anaesthesia 86(6): 743-746.Marik, P. E., et al. (2008). "Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness?: a systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares." CHEST Journal 134(1): 172-178.Don, C., et al. (1990). "Body fluid volume status in hemodialysis patients: the value of the chest radiograph." Canadian Association of Radiologists journal= Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes 41(3): 123-126.Núñez, J., et al. (2014). "Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure." Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 15:000–000Alves, F. D., et al. (2015). "Dynamic changes in bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and phase angle in acute decompensated heart failure." Nutrition 31(1): 84-89.Dittmar, M. (2003). "Reliability and variability of bioimpedance measures in normal adults: effects of age, gender, and body mass." American journal of physical anthropology 122(4): 361-370.McCullough, A. J., et al. (1991). "Measurements of total body and extracellular water in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites." Hepatology 14(6): 1102- 1111.Schols, A. M., et al. (2005). "Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Am J Clin Nutr 82(1): 53-59.Simons, J., et al. (1995). "The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict total body water in patients with cancer cachexia." The American journal of clinical nutrition 61(4): 741-745.Simons, J., et al. (1999). "Bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess changes intotal body water in patients with cancer." Clinical Nutrition 18(1): 35-39.Onofriescu, M., et al. 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