Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos
Digital
- Autores:
-
Martínez-Santos, Karol Juliana
Vega-Gutiérrez, Valentina
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad de Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Universidad de Santander
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.udes.edu.co:001/11856
- Palabra clave:
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Bacterias Gram Negativas
Patogenicidad
Factores de Virulencia
Biopelículas
Detección de Quorum
Resistencia a Antibióticos
Objetivo Terapéutico
- Rights
- embargoedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
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Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. A Review to Understand Possible Antibacterial Targets |
| title |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| spellingShingle |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacterias Gram Negativas Patogenicidad Factores de Virulencia Biopelículas Detección de Quorum Resistencia a Antibióticos Objetivo Terapéutico |
| title_short |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| title_full |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| title_fullStr |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| title_sort |
Factores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos Antibacterianos |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Martínez-Santos, Karol Juliana Vega-Gutiérrez, Valentina |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Farfan-García, Ana Elvira |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Martínez-Santos, Karol Juliana Vega-Gutiérrez, Valentina |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Méndez-Diaz , Luz Mery Martínez-Bello, Daniel Adyro |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacterias Gram Negativas Patogenicidad Factores de Virulencia Biopelículas Detección de Quorum Resistencia a Antibióticos Objetivo Terapéutico |
| topic |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacterias Gram Negativas Patogenicidad Factores de Virulencia Biopelículas Detección de Quorum Resistencia a Antibióticos Objetivo Terapéutico |
| description |
Digital |
| publishDate |
2025 |
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2025-06-19T20:11:19Z |
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2025-06-19T20:11:19Z 2026-12-27 |
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2025-05-19 |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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Universidad de Santander |
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Repositorio Digital Universidad de Santander |
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Universidad de Santander T 17.25 M178f Repositorio Digital Universidad de Santander |
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Diggle SP, Whiteley M. Microbe Profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: opportunistic pathogen and lab rat. Microbiology (Reading). 2020 Jan;166(1):30-33. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000860. Erratum in: Microbiology (Reading). 2021 Aug;167(8). doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001073. PMID: 31597590; PMCID: PMC7273324. Azam MW, Khan AU. Updates on the pathogenicity status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug Discov, Jan 2019;24(1):350-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.003 Wilson MG, Pandey S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Updated 2025 Jan]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Aug 8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557831/ Monteagudo B, Figueroa O, Suárez-Magdalena O, Méndez-Lage S. Uña verde causada por onicomicosis coinfectada por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Actas Dermo Sifiliogr. Noviembre de 2019;110(9):783-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.04.013 Ramos GP, Rocha JL, Tuon FF. Seasonal humidity may influence Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital-acquired infection rates. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;17(9):e757-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.03.002. Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and Novel Approaches to Treatment “Knowing the enemy” the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. Infect Med. May 2023.doi:10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003 Benavides Escobar DC, Lopez Palacios Y. Comparación de la formación de biofilms monoespecie “in vitro” de Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis y Escherichia coli uropatógena sobre poliuretano [tesis de grado]. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas; 2000. Burgel PR, Ballmann M, Drevinek P, Heijerman H, Jung A, Mainz JG, Peckham D, et al. Considerations for the use of inhaled antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis receiving CFTR modulator therapy. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2024 May 3;11(1):e002049. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002049. Met CM, Hofstaedter CE, O'Keefe IP, Yang H, Moustafa DA, Sherman ME, et al. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from subjects with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Nov 5;12(11):e0053024. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00530-24. Epub 2024 Oct 8. Zhang Y, Zhang N, Li T, Jing L, Wang Y, Ge W. Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2024 Oct 18;24(1):521. doi: 10.1186/s12890-024-03309-x. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). Antibiotic resistance threats. Atlanta (GA): CDC; [updated 2023 Nov 7]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/data-research/threats/index.html World Health Organization. WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. [Internet]. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 72 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093461 Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Abu Bakar M. Health care-associated infections - an overview. Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Nov 15;11:2321-2333. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S177247. Strateva, T., Mitov, I. Contribution of an arsenal of virulence factors to pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Ann Microbiol 61, 717–732 (2011). doi:10.1007/s13213-011-0273-y. Thanassi DG, Bliska JB, Christie PJ. Surface organelles assembled by secretion systems of Gram-negative bacteria: diversity in structure and function. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012 Nov;36(6):1046-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00342.x. Epub 2012 May 24. Zhao A, Sun J, Liu Y. Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Apr 6; 13:1137947. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1137947. Jurado-Martín I, Sainz-Mejías M, McClean S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 18;22(6):3128. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063128. Liao C, Huang X, Wang Q, Yao D, Lu W. Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Antivirulence Strategies to Combat Its Drug Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jul 6; 12:926758. doi: 10.338 9/fcimb.2022.926758. Wood SJ, Kuzel TM, Shafikhani SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Animal Modeling, and Therapeutics. Cells. 2023 Jan 3;12(1):199. doi: 10.3390/cells12010199. Qin S, Xiao W, Zhou C, Pu Q, Deng X, Lan L, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Jun 25;7(1):199. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1 Pier GB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: a major virulence factor, initiator of inflammation and target for effective immunity. Int J Med Microbiol. 2007 Sep;297(5):277-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.03.012. Epub 2007 Apr 27. Erratum in: Int J Med Microbiol. 2007 Nov;297(7-8). Wilkinson SG. Composition and structure of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Nov-Dec;5 Suppl 5:S941-9.doi: 10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_5.s941. Chevalier S, Bouffartigues E, Bodilis J, Maillot O, Lesouhaitier O, Feuilloley, et al. Structure, function and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa porins. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017 Sep 1;41(5):698-722. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux020. Ude J, Tripathi V, Buyck JM, Söderholm S, Cunrath O, Fanous J, et al. Outer membrane permeability: Antimicrobials and diverse nutrients bypass porins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 3;118(31):e2107644118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2107644118. Moussouni M, Berry L, Sipka T, Nguyen-Chi M, Blanc-Potard AB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF plays a role in resistance to macrophage clearance during acute infection. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79678-0. Gari RR, Seelheim P, Marsh B, Kiessling V, Creutz C, Tamm L. Quaternary structure of small amino acids transporter OprG of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biophysical Journal. 2018 Feb 2;114(3):236a-7a. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1316 Bouteiller M, Dupont C, Bourigault Y, Latour X, Barbey C, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, et al. Pseudomonas Flagella: Generalities and Specificities. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3337. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073337. Arora SK, Ritchings BW, Almira EC, Lory S, Ramphal R. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar cap protein, FliD, is responsible for mucin adhesion. Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):1000-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.66.3.1000-1007.1998. Paz-Zarza Victor Manuel, Mangwani-Mordani Simran, Martínez-Maldonado Alejandra, Álvarez-Hernández Diego, Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: patogenicidad y resistencia antimicrobiana en la infección urinaria. Rev. chil. infectol. 2019 Abr; 36(2):180-189. doi:10.4067/S0716-10182019000200180. Valentin JDP, Straub H, Pietsch F, Lemare M, Ahrens CH, Schreiber F, et al. Role of the flagellar hook in the structural development and antibiotic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. ISME J. 2022 Apr;16(4):1176-1186. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-01157-9. Epub 2021 Dec 8. PMID: 34880458; PMCID: PMC8940932. Berne C, Ducret A, Hardy GG, Brun YV. Adhesins Involved in Attachment to Abiotic Surfaces by Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Aug;3(4):10.1128/microbiolspec. MB-0018-2015. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0018-2015. Cabañas-Romero PV, Huerta-Saquero A. Nanomáquinas biológicas: los sistemas de secreción bacterianos. Mundo Nano. 2015;7(13). doi:10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2014.13.487. De Sousa T, Hébraud M, Dapkevicius MLNE, Maltez L, Pereira JE, Capita R, et al. Genomic and Metabolic Characteristics of the Pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 29;22(23):12892. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312892. Liu Y, Gao Y, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q, et al. Transposon insertion sequencing reveals T4SS as the major genetic trait for conjugation transfer of multi-drug resistance pEIB202 from Edwardsiella. BMC Microbiol. 2017 May 12;17(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-1013-7. Bernal P, Llamas MA, Filloux A. Type VI secretion systems in plant-associated bacteria. Environ Microbiol. 2018 Jan;20(1):1-15. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13956. Epub 2017 Nov 10. Vásquez, J. & Toquica, A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa condición actual e importancia en la fibrosis quística.2024 Mayo. doi:10596/60903 Pinghui V. Liu, Extracellular Toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Issue Supplement, November 1974, Pages S94–S99, doi:10.1093/infdis/130.Supplement.S94 Monturiol-Gross, L., Villalta-Romero, F., Flores-Díaz, M. and Alape-Girón,Bacterial phospholipases C with dual activity: phosphatidylcholinesterase and sphingomyelinase. FEBS Open Bio,October 2021, 11: 3262-3275. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13320 Saleem H, Mazhar S, Syed Q, Javed MQ, Adnan A. Bio-characterization of food grade pyocyanin bio-pigment extracted from chromogenic Pseudomonas species found in Pakistani native flora. Arabian Journal of Chemistry [Internet]. Elsevier; 2021 Mar 1;14(3) doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103005 Lau GW, Hassett DJ, Ran H, Kong F. The role of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Trends Mol Med. 2004 Dec;10(12):599-606. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2004.10.002. Finlayson EA, Brown PD. Comparison of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in pigmented and non-pigmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa. West Indian Med J. 2011 Jan;60(1):24-32 Caiazza NC, Shanks RM, O'Toole GA. Rhamnolipids modulate swarming motility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 2005 Nov;187(21):7351-61. doi: 10.1128/JB.187.21.7351-7361.2005. Gi M, Lee KM, Kim SC, Yoon JH, Yoon SS, Choi JY. A novel siderophore system is essential for the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in airway mucus. Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 8;5:14644. doi: 10.1038/srep14644. Cox CD, Adams P. Siderophore activity of pyoverdin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun. 1985 Apr;48(1):130-8. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.1.130-138.1985. hssein G, Ezzeddine Z. A Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Metallophores: Pyoverdine, Pyochelin and Pseudopaline. Biology (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;11(12):1711. doi: 10.3390/biology11121711 Federle MJ, Bassler BL. Interspecies communication in bacteria. J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov;112(9):1291-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI20195. Loera-Muro A, Barraza A, Caamal-Chan MG. ¿cómo se comunican las bacterias? Recur Nat Soc. 2019;5(1):24-39.doi: 0.18846/ renaysoc.2019.05.05.01.0003 Jangra V, Sharma N, Chhillar AK. Therapeutic approaches for combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Microbes and Infection. 2022 Feb 1;24(4).doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104950. Jurado-Martín I, Sainz-Mejías M, McClean S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 18;22(6):3128. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063128. Espinoza Pesantez D, Esparza Sanchez GF. Resistencia enzimática en Pseudomonas aeruginosa, aspectos clínicos y de laboratorio. Rev. chil. infectol. 2021 Feb ; 38( 1 ): 69-80.doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000100069. Gaurav A, Bakht P, Saini M, Pandey S, Pathania R. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors. Microbiology (Reading). 2023 May;169(5):001333. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001333. Egorov AM, Ulyashova MM, Rubtsova MY. Bacterial Enzymes and Antibiotic Resistance. Acta Naturae. 2018 Oct-Dec;10(4):33-48. Glen KA, Lamont IL. β-lactam Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current Status, Future Prospects. Pathogens. 2021 Dec 18;10(12):1638. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121638. Poole K. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to the max. Front Microbiol. 2011 Apr 5;2:65. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00065. Cunha BA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance and therapy. Semin Respir Infect. 2002 Sep;17(3):231-9. doi: 10.1053/srin.2002.34689. PMID: 12226802. Smith S, Rowbotham NJ. Inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for long-term therapy in cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 14;11(11):CD001021. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001021.pub4. Rodríguez-Martínez JM, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 May;53(5):1766-71. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01410-08 She P, Wang Y, Luo Z, Chen L, Tan R, Wang Y, Wu Y. Meloxicam inhibits biofilm formation and enhances antimicrobial agents efficacy by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiologyopen. 2018 Feb;7(1):e00545. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.545. Epub 2017 Nov 27. Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Jan-Feb;37(1):177-192. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013. Jiang Q, Chen J, Yang C, Yin Y, Yao K. Quorum Sensing: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Bacterial Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Apr 4;2019:2015978. doi: 10.1155/2019/2015978. Grishin AV, Krivozubov MS, Karyagina AS, Gintsburg AL. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectins As Targets for Novel Antibacterials. Acta Naturae. 2015 Apr-Jun;7(2):29-41. Ma L, Terwilliger A, Maresso AW. Iron and zinc exploitation during bacterial pathogenesis. Metallomics. 2015 Dec;7(12):1541-54. doi: 10.1039/c5mt00170f. Makky S, Abdelrahman F, Rezk N, Easwaran M, El-Shibiny A. Phages for treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023;201:1-19. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.014. Khan Y, Sadia H, Ali Shah SZ, Khan MN, Shah AA, Ullah N, et al. Classification, Synthetic, and Characterization Approaches to Nanoparticles, and Their Applications in Various Fields of Nanotechnology: A Review. Catalysts. 2022; 12(11):1386. Doi:/10.3390/catal12111386 Wang EC, Wang AZ. Nanoparticles and their applications in cell and molecular biology. Integr Biol (Camb). 2014 Jan;6(1):9-26. doi: 10.1039/c3ib40165k. Hu M, Chua SL. Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current Challenges and Emerging Alternative Therapies. Microorganisms. 2025 Apr 16;13(4):913. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040913. Rivas SB, Sada E, Hernández PR, & Tsutsumi V. Péptidos antimicrobianos en la inmunidad innata de enfermedades infecciosas. Salud Pública de México, 2006 48(1), 62-71. |
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Farfan-García, Ana Elvira2b218e7d-7a8b-45b4-80df-0b79373ac843-1Martínez-Santos, Karol Juliana1a12d6c0-d4e8-459e-864d-16de749e2816-1Vega-Gutiérrez, Valentina6b9f5663-1005-4d9b-9bb2-224eac7fab10-1Méndez-Diaz , Luz Mery86e7c2fd-031e-46a1-b654-7ebcb22572be-1Martínez-Bello, Daniel Adyroec0b0288-cb11-47be-b7e7-9b5988d2b0ef-12025-06-19T20:11:19Z2026-12-272025-06-19T20:11:19Z2025-05-19DigitalPregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista ClínicoUniversidad de Santander41 papplication/pdfapplication/mswordUniversidad de SantanderT 17.25 M178fRepositorio Digital Universidad de Santanderhttps://repositorio.udes.edu.cohttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/11856spaUniversidad de SantanderBucaramangaFacultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la SaludBucaramanga, ColombiaBacteriología y Laboratorio ClínicoDiggle SP, Whiteley M. Microbe Profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: opportunistic pathogen and lab rat. Microbiology (Reading). 2020 Jan;166(1):30-33. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000860. Erratum in: Microbiology (Reading). 2021 Aug;167(8). doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001073. PMID: 31597590; PMCID: PMC7273324.Azam MW, Khan AU. Updates on the pathogenicity status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug Discov, Jan 2019;24(1):350-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.003Wilson MG, Pandey S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Updated 2025 Jan]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Aug 8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557831/Monteagudo B, Figueroa O, Suárez-Magdalena O, Méndez-Lage S. Uña verde causada por onicomicosis coinfectada por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Actas Dermo Sifiliogr. Noviembre de 2019;110(9):783-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.04.013Ramos GP, Rocha JL, Tuon FF. Seasonal humidity may influence Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital-acquired infection rates. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;17(9):e757-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.03.002.Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and Novel Approaches to Treatment “Knowing the enemy” the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. Infect Med. May 2023.doi:10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003Benavides Escobar DC, Lopez Palacios Y. Comparación de la formación de biofilms monoespecie “in vitro” de Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis y Escherichia coli uropatógena sobre poliuretano [tesis de grado]. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas; 2000.Burgel PR, Ballmann M, Drevinek P, Heijerman H, Jung A, Mainz JG, Peckham D, et al. Considerations for the use of inhaled antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis receiving CFTR modulator therapy. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2024 May 3;11(1):e002049. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002049.Met CM, Hofstaedter CE, O'Keefe IP, Yang H, Moustafa DA, Sherman ME, et al. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from subjects with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Nov 5;12(11):e0053024. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00530-24. Epub 2024 Oct 8.Zhang Y, Zhang N, Li T, Jing L, Wang Y, Ge W. Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2024 Oct 18;24(1):521. doi: 10.1186/s12890-024-03309-x.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). Antibiotic resistance threats. Atlanta (GA): CDC; [updated 2023 Nov 7]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/data-research/threats/index.htmlWorld Health Organization. WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. [Internet]. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 72 p. 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Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79678-0.Gari RR, Seelheim P, Marsh B, Kiessling V, Creutz C, Tamm L. Quaternary structure of small amino acids transporter OprG of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biophysical Journal. 2018 Feb 2;114(3):236a-7a. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1316Bouteiller M, Dupont C, Bourigault Y, Latour X, Barbey C, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, et al. Pseudomonas Flagella: Generalities and Specificities. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3337. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073337.Arora SK, Ritchings BW, Almira EC, Lory S, Ramphal R. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar cap protein, FliD, is responsible for mucin adhesion. Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):1000-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.66.3.1000-1007.1998.Paz-Zarza Victor Manuel, Mangwani-Mordani Simran, Martínez-Maldonado Alejandra, Álvarez-Hernández Diego, Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: patogenicidad y resistencia antimicrobiana en la infección urinaria. Rev. chil. infectol. 2019 Abr; 36(2):180-189. doi:10.4067/S0716-10182019000200180.Valentin JDP, Straub H, Pietsch F, Lemare M, Ahrens CH, Schreiber F, et al. Role of the flagellar hook in the structural development and antibiotic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. ISME J. 2022 Apr;16(4):1176-1186. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-01157-9. Epub 2021 Dec 8. PMID: 34880458; PMCID: PMC8940932.Berne C, Ducret A, Hardy GG, Brun YV. Adhesins Involved in Attachment to Abiotic Surfaces by Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Aug;3(4):10.1128/microbiolspec. MB-0018-2015. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0018-2015.Cabañas-Romero PV, Huerta-Saquero A. Nanomáquinas biológicas: los sistemas de secreción bacterianos. Mundo Nano. 2015;7(13). doi:10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2014.13.487.De Sousa T, Hébraud M, Dapkevicius MLNE, Maltez L, Pereira JE, Capita R, et al. Genomic and Metabolic Characteristics of the Pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 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Liu, Extracellular Toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Issue Supplement, November 1974, Pages S94–S99, doi:10.1093/infdis/130.Supplement.S94Monturiol-Gross, L., Villalta-Romero, F., Flores-Díaz, M. and Alape-Girón,Bacterial phospholipases C with dual activity: phosphatidylcholinesterase and sphingomyelinase. FEBS Open Bio,October 2021, 11: 3262-3275. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13320Saleem H, Mazhar S, Syed Q, Javed MQ, Adnan A. Bio-characterization of food grade pyocyanin bio-pigment extracted from chromogenic Pseudomonas species found in Pakistani native flora. Arabian Journal of Chemistry [Internet]. Elsevier; 2021 Mar 1;14(3) doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103005Lau GW, Hassett DJ, Ran H, Kong F. The role of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Trends Mol Med. 2004 Dec;10(12):599-606. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2004.10.002.Finlayson EA, Brown PD. 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Salud Pública de México, 2006 48(1), 62-71.Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2025. Al consultar y hacer uso de este recurso, está aceptando las condiciones de uso establecidas por los autores.info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Pseudomonas AeruginosaBacterias Gram NegativasPatogenicidadFactores de VirulenciaBiopelículasDetección de QuorumResistencia a AntibióticosObjetivo TerapéuticoFactores de Virulencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Una Revisión Para el Conocimiento de Posibles Blancos AntibacterianosVirulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. 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