Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review

Digital

Autores:: Méndez-Villamizar, Saudi Milena
Mosquera-Chaux, Nathalia
Pinzón-Castañeda, Andrea Isabel

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2022

Institución:: Universidad de Santander

Repositorio:: Repositorio Universidad de Santander

Idioma:: spa

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv	Methods Described for Reprocessing N95 Masks in the Surgical Setting: Scoping Review
title	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
spellingShingle	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review Mascarilla N95 Métodos de Esterilización Reprocesamiento Rehúso N95 Mask Sterilization Methods Reprocessing Refusal
title_short	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
title_full	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
title_fullStr	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
title_sort	Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Méndez-Villamizar, Saudi Milena Mosquera-Chaux, Nathalia Pinzón-Castañeda, Andrea Isabel
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Tapias-Rivera, Johanna Contreras-Ramos, Luz Mery
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Méndez-Villamizar, Saudi Milena Mosquera-Chaux, Nathalia Pinzón-Castañeda, Andrea Isabel
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv	Arias-Ortiz, Wanderley Augusto
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Mascarilla N95 Métodos de Esterilización Reprocesamiento Rehúso
topic	Mascarilla N95 Métodos de Esterilización Reprocesamiento Rehúso N95 Mask Sterilization Methods Reprocessing Refusal
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	N95 Mask Sterilization Methods Reprocessing Refusal
description	Digital
publishDate	2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2022-12-02
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-03-27T23:24:15Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-03-27T23:24:15Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv	Text
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dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad de Santander
dc.identifier.local.none.fl_str_mv	T 02.22 M262m
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Digital Universidad de Santander
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/8226
identifier_str_mv	Universidad de Santander T 02.22 M262m Repositorio Digital Universidad de Santander
url	https://repositorio.udes.edu.co https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/8226
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	spa
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CMAJ [Internet]. 2020 Oct 13 [cited 2022 Oct 20];192(41):E1189–97. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32732229/ Aljabo A, Mueller E, Abdul Azeez D, Hoare T, Jain A. Gravity steam reprocessing in healthcare facilities for the reuse of N95 respirators. J Hosp Infect. 2020;106(4):698–708. Côrtes MF, Espinoza EPS, Noguera SLV, Silva AA, de Medeiros MESA, Villas Boas LS, et al. Decontamination and re-use of surgical masks and respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Mar 1;104:320–8. Santos-López, Matías, Jaque-Ulloa ;, Diego, Serrano-Aliste &, Sebastián. Métodos de Desinfección y Reutilización de Mascarillas con Filtro Respirador Durante la Pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 Decontamination Methods and Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators During SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Int J Odontostomat. 2020;14(3):310–5. N95DECON. A scientific consortium for data-driven study of N95 filtering facepiece respirator decontamination. Vol. 65, Annals of Work Exposures and Health. Oxford University Press; 2021. Jl CN, Hg HO, Luis J, Narváez C. Mascarilla N95: una medida útil en la prevención de la tuberculosis pulmonar N95 mask a useful measure in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 20];38(2):128–33. Available from: www.actapediatrica.org.mxcritEriopEdiátrico Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Gestión Integral de los Elementos de Protección Personal (EPP) [Internet]. Bogotá; 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Ministerio/Institucional/Procesos%20y%20procedimientos/GTHS02.pdf Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Elementos de Protección Personal que Debemos Usar en la Atención de Pacientes Durante la Pandemia Covid -19 [Internet]. Bogotá; 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/elementos-proteccion-covid19.pdf Ánade Blog. Gorros de quirófano. ¿Cuál utilizar? [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://blog.anade.com/gorros-de-quirofano-cual-utilizar/ Rosas Peraza C, Arteaga Colmenares A. Conceptos de Bioseguridad: Parte II. Acta Odontol Venez [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2022 Oct 20];43(1):88–96. Available from: http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-63652005000100015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Abecé Consideraciones para la Selección y Compra de Tapabocas [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Ministerio/Institucional/Procesos%20y%20procedimientos/GIPS18.pdf Elizarrarás-Rivas J, Gabriel Cruz-Ruiz N, Daniel Elizarrarás-Cruz J, Perla Violeta Robles-Rodríguez D, Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón D, Kena Guadalupe Herrera-Lugo D, et al. Medidas de protección para el personal de salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Mex Anestesiol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 20];43(4):315–24. 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[Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.agamfec.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/es_put_on_ppequipment.pdf Mascarillas: aprende a eliminarlos correctamente y ayude a preservar el medio ambiente - Neoenergia [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.neoenergia.com/es-es/te-interessa/medio-ambiente/Paginas/mascarillas-aprende-eliminarlos-correctamente-ayude-preservar-medio-ambiente.aspx ¿Cómo desechar las Mascarillas correctamente? - Iberdrola [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.iberdrola.com/compromiso-social/como-desechar-mascarillas Ministerio de Salud - Perú. Recomendaciones Para el uso Apropiado de Mascarillas y Respiradores por el Personal de Salud en el Contexto del COVID-19 [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2020/05/1095749/rm_248-2020-minsa.pdf Sarkis-Onofre R, Borges R do C, Demarco G, Dotto L, Schwendicke F, Demarco FF. 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Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Bravata-Alcántara JC, Nájera-Cortés AS, Meneses-Cruz S, Delgado-Balbuena L, Cruz-Cruz C, et al. Disinfection of N95 masks artificially contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 and ESKAPE bacteria using hydrogen peroxide plasma: Impact on the reutilization of disposable devices. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];48(9):1037. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7336929/ Russo R, Levine C, Grady C, Peixoto B, McCormick-Ell J, Block T, et al. Decontaminating N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple and practical approaches to increase decontamination capacity, speed, safety and ease of use. Journal of Hospital Infection [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];109:52–7. Available from: http://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195670120305703/fulltext Jatta M, Kiefer C, Patolia H, Pan J, Harb C, Marr LC, et al. N95 reprocessing by low temperature sterilization with 59% vaporized hydrogen peroxide during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Jan 1;49(1):8–14. Grossman J, Pierce A, Mody J, Gagne J, Sykora C, Sayood S, et al. Institution of a Novel Process for N95 Respirator Disinfection with Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Large Academic Medical Center. J Am Coll Surg [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];231(2):275. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7184977/ Lieu A, Mah J, Zanichelli V, Exantus RC, Longtin Y. Impact of extended use and decontamination with vaporized hydrogen peroxide on N95 respirator fit. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];48(12):1457. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7428459/ Hasani M, Campbell T, Wu F, Warriner K. Decontamination of N95 and surgical masks using a treatment based on a continuous gas phase-Advanced Oxidation Process. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];16(3):e0248487. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248487 Levine C, Grady C, Block T, Hurley H, Russo R, Peixoto B, et al. Use, re-use or discard? Quantitatively defined variance in the functional integrity of N95 respirators following vaporized hydrogen peroxide decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];107:50. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7566697/ Alt J, Eveland R, Fiorello A, Haas B, Meszaros J, McEvoy B, et al. Development and validation of technologies suitable for the decontamination and re-use of contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hospital Infection [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];119:141–8. Available from: http://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195670121003522/fulltext Cramer AK, Plana D, Yang H, Carmack MM, Tian E, Sinha MS, et al. Analysis of SteraMist ionized hydrogen peroxide technology in the sterilization of N95 respirators and other PPE. Scientific Reports 2021 11:1 [Internet]. 2021 Jan 21 [cited 2022 Sep 14];11(1):1–10. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81365-7 Christie Holmes N, Tyli R, Budylowski P, Guvenc F, Weinar A, Poon B. Vapourized hydrogen peroxide decontamination in a hospital setting inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E without compromising filtration efficiency of unexpired N95 respirators. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(10):1227–31. Rohit A, Rajasekaran S, Shenoy S, Rai S, Iddya K, Dorairajan SK. Reprocessing of N95 masks: Experience from a resource-limited setting in India. International Journal of Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];104:41. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7770488/ Mills D, Harnish DA, Lawrence C, Sandoval-Powers M, Heimbuch BK. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of influenza-contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];46(7):e49–55. Available from: http://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196655318301408/fulltext Pascoe MJ, Robertson A, Crayford A, Durand E, Steer J, Castelli A, et al. Dry heat and microwave-generated steam protocols for the rapid decontamination of respiratory personal protective equipment in response to COVID-19-related shortages. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020 Sep 1;106(1):10–9. Jiang ZY, Huang Z, Schmale I, Brown EL, Lorenz MC, Patlovich SJ, et al. N95 respirator reuse, decontamination methods, and microbial burden: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021 Sep 1;42(5):103017. Ozog DM, Sexton JZ, Narla S, Pretto-Kernahan CD, Mirabelli C, Lim HW, et al. The effect of ultraviolet C radiation against different N95 respirators inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020 Nov 1;100:224–9. Xiang Y, Song Q, Gu W. Decontamination of surgical face masks and N95 respirators by dry heat pasteurization for one hour at 70°C. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];48(8):880. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7260521/ Huber T, Goldman O, Epstein AE, Stella G, Sakmar TP. Principles and practice for SARS-CoV-2 decontamination of N95 masks with UV-C. Biophys J [Internet]. 2021 Jul 20 [cited 2022 Sep 14];120(14):2927–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33675766/ Singh G, Jorgenson J, Pringle T, Nelson T, Ramamoorthy S. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 decontamination by dry heat and ultraviolet treatment with a swine coronavirus as a surrogate. Infection Prevention in Practice [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];3(1):100103. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7694467/ Golovkine GR, Roberts AW, Cooper C, Riano S, DiCiccio AM, Worthington DL, et al. Practical considerations for Ultraviolet-C radiation mediated decontamination of N95 respirator against SARS-CoV-2 virus. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];16(10):e0258336. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0258336 Lin TH, Tang FC, Hung PC, Hua ZC, Lai CY. Relative survival of Bacillus subtilis spores loaded on filtering facepiece respirators after five decontamination methods. Indoor Air [Internet]. 2018 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];28(5):754–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29855107/ Rathnasinghe R, Karlicek RF, Schotsaert M, Koffas M, Arduini B, Jangra S, et al. Scalable, effective, and rapid decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated N95 respirators using germicidal ultra-violet C (UVC) irradiation device. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020 Oct 6 [cited 2022 Sep 14];2020.10.05.20206953. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.20206953v1 Grinshpun SA, Yermakov M, Khodoun M. Autoclave sterilization and ethanol treatment of re-used surgical masks and N95 respirators during COVID-19: impact on their performance and integrity. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020 Aug 1;105(4):608–14. Czubryt MP, Stecy T, Popke E, Aitken R, Jabusch K, Pound R, et al. N95 mask reuse in a major urban hospital: COVID-19 response process and procedure. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020 Oct 1;106(2):277–82. Cramer AK, Plana D, Yang H, Carmack MM, Tian E, Sinha MS, et al. Analysis of SteraMist ionized hydrogen peroxide technology in the sterilization of N95 respirators and other PPE. Scientific Reports 2021 11:1 [Internet]. 2021 Jan 21 [cited 2022 Oct 20];11(1):1–10. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81365-7 Kumar A, Kasloff SB, Leung A, Cutts T, Strong JE, Hills K, et al. Decontamination of N95 masks for re-use employing 7 widely available sterilization methods. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];15(12):e0243965. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243965 Ou Q, Pei C, Chan Kim S, Abell E, Pui D. Evaluation of decontamination methods for commercial and alternative respirator and mask materials – view from filtration aspect. J Aerosol Sci. 2020;150.
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dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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rights_invalid_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad de Santander
dc.publisher.branch.none.fl_str_mv	Bucaramanga
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv	Facultad Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv	Bucaramanga, Colombia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv	Instrumentación Quirúrgica
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad de Santander
institution	Universidad de Santander
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spelling	Tapias-Rivera, Johanna363045f4-bc43-434e-9c92-d33a7aca5ed0-1Contreras-Ramos, Luz Mery551dcff8-3583-4187-b1aa-f629ed5949e7-1Méndez-Villamizar, Saudi Milenae08d2084-bd5f-488f-b6ee-bab687b57971-1Mosquera-Chaux, Nathalia4d4e14c5-73f9-4722-acb7-aec89817cf06-1Pinzón-Castañeda, Andrea Isabeleb713321-dfdc-4682-a747-0ad1d6865ab8-1Arias-Ortiz, Wanderley Augusto9da74a44-6217-4dc5-add9-eed8e96d712f-12023-03-27T23:24:15Z2023-03-27T23:24:15Z2022-12-02DigitalLa esterilización es el proceso que elimina bacterias, hongos, esporas altamente resistentes y virus como el Sarvs-Cov-2 causante de la pandemia que vive actualmente el mundo entero. La mascarilla N95 ha sido uno de los cuidados implementados para prevenir el contagio del virus. Sin embargo, el uso prolongado ha causado su agotamiento y una afectación en la economía junto con un impacto ambiental. Por ende, esta investigación pretende identificar los métodos de reprocesamiento más adecuados y efectivos para la esterilización de las mascarillas N95 en el entorno quirúrgico. Con ese fin se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos institucionales (Sciencedirect, Ebsco Host) sobre la temática de esterilización de mascarillas N95, basándose en las variables, palabras claves y combinaciones con booleanos en idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Con los artículos seleccionados se construyó una tabla la cual se encuentra en el Anexo 1 que contiene la siguiente información: título del artículo, autores, año de publicación, método de esterilización y principales resultados. Al analizar la tabla construida se encontró que el método más utilizado para la esterilización de las mascarillas N95 es la irradiación ultravioleta, asimismo la mayoría de los artículos evidencian la efectividad de eliminación de microorganismos incluidas las esporas; además al terminar el proceso no se evidencia residuos del método en la mascarilla N95, y el filtro de la mascarilla mantuvo su eficiencia sin presentar variaciones.Sterilization is the process that eliminates bacteria, fungi, highly resistant spores and viruses such as Sarvs-Cov-2, which is the cause of the pandemic that the entire world is currently experiencing. The N95 mask has been one of the care implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. However, prolonged use has caused its exhaustion and an affectation in the economy together with an environmental impact. Therefore, this research aims to identify the most suitable and effective reprocessing methods for the sterilization of N95 masks in the surgical environment. To this end, a search was made for articles in institutional databases (Sciencedirect, Ebsco Host) about sterilization of N95 masks, based on variables, keywords and combinations with Booleans in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. With the selected articles, a table was built, which can be found in Annex 1, containing the following information: article title, authors, year of publication, sterilization method, and main results. When analyzing the constructed table, it was found that the most used method for the sterilization of N95 masks is ultraviolet irradiation, likewise most of the articles show the effectiveness of eliminating microorganisms, including spores; In addition, at the end of the process, there is no evidence of residues of the method in the N95 mask, and the mask filter maintained its efficiency without presenting variations.PregradoInstrumentador QuirúrgicoIntroducción ................................................................................................................................. 19 1. Planteamiento del Problema...................................................................................... 20 1.1 Descripción del Problema .......................................................................................... 20 2. Pregunta Problema ..................................................................................................... 24 3. Justificación .................................................................................................................. 25 4. Objetivo ......................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Objetivo General .......................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Objetivos Específicos.................................................................................................. 26 5. Marco Teórico .............................................................................................................. 27 5.1 Origen de la Pandemia ............................................................................................... 27 5.2 Características y Fisiopatología del Sars-Cov-2 .................................................... 27 5.3 Mecanismo de Transmisión ....................................................................................... 27 5.4 Prevención .................................................................................................................... 28 5.5 Elementos de Protección Personal .......................................................................... 29 5.6 Material de las Mascarillas N95 ................................................................................ 34 5.7 Clasificación de los Tres Tipos y Tres Niveles de Eficiencia de Filtrado de las Mascarillas Según la Norma NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) ........................................................................................................................................ 35 5.8 Tipos de Características Tecnológicas que Poseen las Mascarillas .................. 36 5.9 Modelos de Mascarilla N-95 Relacionadas con los Tipos de Características Tecnológicas ............................................................................................................................... 40 5.9.1 Otros Modelos de Mascarilla N95.. ........................................................................... 42 5.10 Correcta Colocación de los Elementos de Protección Personal ......................... 46 5.11 Descarte de las Mascarillas N-95 ............................................................................. 46 5.12 Descontaminación de las Mascarillas N-95 ............................................................ 47 5.13 Métodos de Esterilización Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95... 49 5.14 Indicaciones del Uso de la Mascarilla N95 Junto con los Demás Elementos de Protección Personal en el Entorno Quirúrgico ...................................................................... 52 5.15 Consecuencias del Uso de la Mascarilla N95 ........................................................ 54 5.16 Marco Legal .................................................................................................................. 54 6. Metodología .................................................................................................................. 56 6.1 Tipo de Estudio ............................................................................................................ 56 6.2 Población de Estudio .................................................................................................. 56 6.3 Identificación................................................................................................................. 56 6.4 Variables ....................................................................................................................... 56 6.5 Palabras Clave............................................................................................................. 57 6.6 Combinación de Palabras Clave con Booleanos ................................................... 60 6.7 Fuentes de Información .............................................................................................. 63 6.8 Selección....................................................................................................................... 63 6.8.1 Criterios de Inclusión. .................................................................................................. 63 6.8.2 Criterios de Exclusión.................................................................................................. 64 6.9 Elección y Clasificación de Estudios ........................................................................ 64 6.9.1 Selección por Pertinencia de Títulos.. ...................................................................... 64 6.9.2 Eliminación de Duplicados.. ....................................................................................... 64 6.9.3 Artículos Para Lectura de Texto. ............................................................................... 64 6.10 Análisis de la Información .......................................................................................... 64 6.10.1 Variables Bibliométricas. . .......................................................................................... 64 6.11 Consideraciones Éticas y Clasificación del Riesgo ............................................... 65 7. Resultados .................................................................................................................... 66 7.1 Presencia de Microorganismos Después de la Descontaminación .................... 67 7.2 Integridad de los Componentes ................................................................................ 69 7.2.1 Bandas Elásticas.. ....................................................................................................... 69 7.2.2 Ajuste Nasal. ................................................................................................................. 70 7.2.3 Capacidad de Filtro.. ................................................................................................... 71 7.2.4 Integridad de las Capas del Respirador. .................................................................. 72 7.3 Residuos de Método en la Mascarilla N95 .............................................................. 72 8. Discusión....................................................................................................................... 73 9. Conclusiones ................................................................................................................ 76 10. Recomendaciones....................................................................................................... 78 Referencias Bibliográficas ........................................................................................................ 79 Anexos ......................................................................................................................................... 93105 papplication/pdfUniversidad de SantanderT 02.22 M262mRepositorio Digital Universidad de Santanderhttps://repositorio.udes.edu.cohttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/8226spaUniversidad de SantanderBucaramangaFacultad Ciencias Médicas y de la SaludBucaramanga, ColombiaInstrumentación QuirúrgicaVignoli R. Esterilizacion y Desinfeccion. In: Esterilizacion y Desinfeccion. 1st ed. 2006. p. 1–21.Mayoclinic. ¿Las mascarillas son una buena protección contra la Covid-19? [Internet]. Vol. 369. BMJ Publishing Group; 2022 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-mask/art-20485449Castro R. Coronavirus, una historia en desarrollo. Rev Med Chile. 2020;148:143–4.Moschella P, Liao W, Litwin A, Foulk J, Anthony J, Player M, et al. Repeated vaporised hydrogen peroxide disinfection of 3M 1860 N95 mask respirators does not degrade quantitative fit performance. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Oct 20];126(3):e125–7. Available from: http://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007091220310114/fulltextGarcía Haro M, Bischofberger Valdes C, Vicente Guijarro J, Agero Pérez C, Fabregate Fuente M, Moreno Nuñez O, et al. Decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators using a low-temperature-steame2%-formaldehyde sterilization process during a pandemic: a safe alternative for re-use. Healthcare infection society. 2020;108:113–9.Holdsworth J, Preston A, Gentile P, Rider P, Yallew W, Juno Z. Process for disinfection of N95 respirators during COVID-19 utilizing sterile processing department: A single center acute care hospital. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Oct 20];49(4):489–91. Available from: http://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196655320310397/fulltextKumkrong P, Scoles L, Brunet Y, Baker S. Determination of hydrogen peroxide on N95 masks after sanitization using a colorimetric method. MethodsX [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];8:101485. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8374716/Daeschler SC, Manson N, Joachim K, Chin AWH, Chan K, Chen PZ, et al. Effect of moist heat reprocessing of N95 respirators on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation and respirator function. CMAJ [Internet]. 2020 Oct 13 [cited 2022 Oct 20];192(41):E1189–97. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32732229/Aljabo A, Mueller E, Abdul Azeez D, Hoare T, Jain A. Gravity steam reprocessing in healthcare facilities for the reuse of N95 respirators. J Hosp Infect. 2020;106(4):698–708.Côrtes MF, Espinoza EPS, Noguera SLV, Silva AA, de Medeiros MESA, Villas Boas LS, et al. Decontamination and re-use of surgical masks and respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Mar 1;104:320–8.Santos-López, Matías, Jaque-Ulloa ;, Diego, Serrano-Aliste &, Sebastián. Métodos de Desinfección y Reutilización de Mascarillas con Filtro Respirador Durante la Pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 Decontamination Methods and Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators During SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Int J Odontostomat. 2020;14(3):310–5.N95DECON. A scientific consortium for data-driven study of N95 filtering facepiece respirator decontamination. Vol. 65, Annals of Work Exposures and Health. Oxford University Press; 2021.Jl CN, Hg HO, Luis J, Narváez C. Mascarilla N95: una medida útil en la prevención de la tuberculosis pulmonar N95 mask a useful measure in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 20];38(2):128–33. Available from: www.actapediatrica.org.mxcritEriopEdiátricoMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. Gestión Integral de los Elementos de Protección Personal (EPP) [Internet]. Bogotá; 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Ministerio/Institucional/Procesos%20y%20procedimientos/GTHS02.pdfMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. Elementos de Protección Personal que Debemos Usar en la Atención de Pacientes Durante la Pandemia Covid -19 [Internet]. Bogotá; 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/elementos-proteccion-covid19.pdfÁnade Blog. Gorros de quirófano. ¿Cuál utilizar? 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Respiradores desechables de pieza facial filtrante 3M [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/888303O/catalogo-de-respiradores-de-libre-mantenimiento.pdfClínica Antioquia. Ficha técnica [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.clinicantioquia.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Ficha-tecnica-N95-1860.pdf3M. Respirador AuraTM1870+ (N95) Ficha Técnica [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1565017O/3m-proteccion-respiratoria-desechable-1870.pdf3M. Ficha técnica respirador desechable 9105vflex [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/888298O/ficha-tecnica-3m-respirador-desechable-9105vflex.pdfAmigos Safety. Respirador 3MMR 9010 (N95) Hoja Técnica [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://amigosafety.com/files/productos/1607380224_P_9010.pdfAgamfec. Pasos para poner el equipo de protección personal (EPP) [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.agamfec.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/es_put_on_ppequipment.pdfMascarillas: aprende a eliminarlos correctamente y ayude a preservar el medio ambiente - Neoenergia [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.neoenergia.com/es-es/te-interessa/medio-ambiente/Paginas/mascarillas-aprende-eliminarlos-correctamente-ayude-preservar-medio-ambiente.aspx¿Cómo desechar las Mascarillas correctamente? - Iberdrola [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.iberdrola.com/compromiso-social/como-desechar-mascarillasMinisterio de Salud - Perú. Recomendaciones Para el uso Apropiado de Mascarillas y Respiradores por el Personal de Salud en el Contexto del COVID-19 [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2020/05/1095749/rm_248-2020-minsa.pdfSarkis-Onofre R, Borges R do C, Demarco G, Dotto L, Schwendicke F, Demarco FF. Decontamination of N95 respirators against SARS-CoV-2: A scoping review. J Dent [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Oct 20];104. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33197526/Organización Panamericana de la salud. Manual de esterilización para centros de salud [Internet]. 1st ed. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, editor. Wasingtong; 2008 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. 1–188 p. Available from: https://www1.paho.org/PAHO-USAID/dmdocuments/AMR-Manual_Esterilizacion_Centros_Salud_2008.pdfInvima. Lo que debes saber sobre las lámparas de desinfección UV [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.invima.gov.co/lo-que-debes-saber-sobre-las-lamparas-de-desinfeccion-uvColombiana de Anestesiología Reanimación Scare S. Pandemia por Sars-Cov-2/Covid-19: Consideraciones Anestésicas para el Manejo de Pacientes Sometidos a Procedimientos Electivos [Internet]. 1st ed. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.comunidadacademicascare.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Consideraciones-aneste%CC%81sicas-covid19.pdfLas mascarillas: una nueva forma de contaminación mundial [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.forbes.com.mx/noticias-mascarillas-nueva-forma-contaminacion-mundial/la Vanguardia. Descubren miles de mascarillas convertidas en residuos en islas deshabitadas [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.lavanguardia.com/natural/20200313/474107668765/impacto-ambiental-coronavirus-covid-mascarillas-residuos-contaminacion-playas-china.htmlCongreso de la República de Colombia. Ley Numero 100 de 1993 Por la cual se crea el sistema de seguridad social integral y se dictan otras disposiciones [Internet]. Bogotá; 1993 p. 1–132. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/ley-100-de-1993.pdfConstitución Política de Colombia 1991 [Internet]. 1991 p. 1–183. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/INEC/IGUB/constitucion-1991.pdfMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolución 1155 de 2020 - Protocolo de bioseguridad sector salud [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://safetya.co/normatividad/resolucion-1155-de-2020/IETS – Instituto de Evaluación Tecnologica en Salud [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.iets.org.co/Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolucion Numero 8430 de 1993 [Internet]. 1993. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDFUniversal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights \| UNESCO [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/universal-declaration-bioethics-and-human-rightsKumkrong P, Scoles L, Brunet Y, Baker S, Mercier P, Poirier D. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide and ozone residue levels on N95 masks following chemical decontamination. J Hosp Infect. 2021;111:117–24.Coelho WEG de S, Perrechil F, Pedreira MLG, Lopes JL, Santos MVL dos, Gabrieloni MC, et al. Safety and structural integrity of N95/PFF2 respirators decontamination. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];49(10):1221–6. Available from: http://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196655321004612/fulltextWielick C, Ludwig-Begall LF, Dams L, Razafimahefa RM, Demeuldre PF, Napp A, et al. The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporised hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with an infectious norovirus. Infection Prevention in Practice. 2021 Mar 1;3(1):100111.Wang CG, Li Z, Liu S, Ng CT, Marzuki M, Jeslyn Wong PS, et al. N95 respirator decontamination: a study in reusability. Mater Today Adv. 2021 Sep 1;11:100148.Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Bravata-Alcántara JC, Nájera-Cortés AS, Meneses-Cruz S, Delgado-Balbuena L, Cruz-Cruz C, et al. Disinfection of N95 masks artificially contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 and ESKAPE bacteria using hydrogen peroxide plasma: Impact on the reutilization of disposable devices. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];48(9):1037. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7336929/Russo R, Levine C, Grady C, Peixoto B, McCormick-Ell J, Block T, et al. Decontaminating N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple and practical approaches to increase decontamination capacity, speed, safety and ease of use. Journal of Hospital Infection [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];109:52–7. Available from: http://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195670120305703/fulltextJatta M, Kiefer C, Patolia H, Pan J, Harb C, Marr LC, et al. N95 reprocessing by low temperature sterilization with 59% vaporized hydrogen peroxide during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Jan 1;49(1):8–14.Grossman J, Pierce A, Mody J, Gagne J, Sykora C, Sayood S, et al. Institution of a Novel Process for N95 Respirator Disinfection with Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Large Academic Medical Center. J Am Coll Surg [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];231(2):275. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7184977/Lieu A, Mah J, Zanichelli V, Exantus RC, Longtin Y. Impact of extended use and decontamination with vaporized hydrogen peroxide on N95 respirator fit. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];48(12):1457. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7428459/Hasani M, Campbell T, Wu F, Warriner K. Decontamination of N95 and surgical masks using a treatment based on a continuous gas phase-Advanced Oxidation Process. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];16(3):e0248487. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248487Levine C, Grady C, Block T, Hurley H, Russo R, Peixoto B, et al. Use, re-use or discard? Quantitatively defined variance in the functional integrity of N95 respirators following vaporized hydrogen peroxide decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];107:50. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7566697/Alt J, Eveland R, Fiorello A, Haas B, Meszaros J, McEvoy B, et al. Development and validation of technologies suitable for the decontamination and re-use of contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hospital Infection [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];119:141–8. Available from: http://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195670121003522/fulltextCramer AK, Plana D, Yang H, Carmack MM, Tian E, Sinha MS, et al. Analysis of SteraMist ionized hydrogen peroxide technology in the sterilization of N95 respirators and other PPE. Scientific Reports 2021 11:1 [Internet]. 2021 Jan 21 [cited 2022 Sep 14];11(1):1–10. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81365-7Christie Holmes N, Tyli R, Budylowski P, Guvenc F, Weinar A, Poon B. Vapourized hydrogen peroxide decontamination in a hospital setting inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E without compromising filtration efficiency of unexpired N95 respirators. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(10):1227–31.Rohit A, Rajasekaran S, Shenoy S, Rai S, Iddya K, Dorairajan SK. Reprocessing of N95 masks: Experience from a resource-limited setting in India. International Journal of Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Sep 14];104:41. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7770488/Mills D, Harnish DA, Lawrence C, Sandoval-Powers M, Heimbuch BK. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of influenza-contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators. 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Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243965Ou Q, Pei C, Chan Kim S, Abell E, Pui D. Evaluation of decontamination methods for commercial and alternative respirator and mask materials – view from filtration aspect. J Aerosol Sci. 2020;150.Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2022. 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Al consultar y hacer uso de este recurso, está aceptando las condiciones de uso establecidas por los autores.https://repositorio.udes.edu.coRepositorio Universidad de 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

Métodos Descritos Para el Reprocesamiento de las Mascarillas N95 en el Entorno Quirúrgico: Scoping Review

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