MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS

Mapas, ilustraciones

Autores:: Martinez Sanchez, Estefani Tatiana

Tipo de recurso:: Masters Thesis

Fecha de publicación:: 2020

Institución:: Universidad de Caldas

Repositorio:: Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas

Idioma:: eng
spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
title	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
spellingShingle	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS Metastigmata Aves Amblyomma Ixodes Haemaphysalis Rickettsia Prevalencia
title_short	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
title_full	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
title_fullStr	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
title_full_unstemmed	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
title_sort	MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Martinez Sanchez, Estefani Tatiana
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv	Castaño Villa, Gabriel Jaime Rivera Páez, Fredy Arvey
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Martinez Sanchez, Estefani Tatiana
dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv	Metastigmata Aves
topic	Metastigmata Aves Amblyomma Ixodes Haemaphysalis Rickettsia Prevalencia
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Amblyomma Ixodes Haemaphysalis Rickettsia Prevalencia
description	Mapas, ilustraciones
publishDate	2020
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv	2020-09-10T16:19:19Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv	2020-09-10T16:19:19Z
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv	2020-09-10
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
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dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/10836
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad de Caldas
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/10836 https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad de Caldas Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	eng spa
language	eng spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Avendaño, J.E., Bohórquez, C.I., Rosselli, L., Arzuza-Buelvas, D., Estela, F.A., Cuervo, A.M., Stiles, F.G., Renjifo, L.M., 2017. Lista de chequeo de las aves de Colombia: Una síntesis del estado del conocimiento desde Hilty & Brown (1986) Checklist of the birds of Colombia: A synthesis of the state of knowledge since Hilty and Brown (1986). http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1702.pdf. Budachetri, K., Williams, J., Mukherjee, N., Sellers, M., Moore, F., Karim, S., 2017. The microbiome of neotropical ticks parasitizing on passerine migratory birds. Ticks Tick. Dis.8, 170–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.014 Cardona-Romero, M; Martínez-Sánchez, E.T., Alvarez-Londoño, J; Tobón-Escobar, W.D., Ossa-López, P.A., Pérez-Cárdenas, J.E., Ramírez-Chaves, H.E., Blandón-Marín, G., Cuervo, L.A., Castaño-Villa, G.J., Rivera-Páez, F.A., 2020. Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild birds in Arauca, Orinoquia region of Colombia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl (In review). Cardona-Salazar, L. J., Benavides‐Ossa, Y. A., Vargas-Daza, A. M., Betancurt-Grisales, J. F., Bohada-Murillo, M., Martínez-Sánchez, E. T., Cardona-Romero, M., Busi, A., Tobón‐ Escobar, W. D., Ortíz-Giraldo, M., Gómez Castillo, D., Alvarez‐Londoño, J., Molina‐Marin, D. A., Rodas‐Rua, J. C., Grisales‐Muñoz, L. D., Velásquez‐Trujillo, V., Salazar‐Ramírez, L. F., Pineda‐Gómez, D. M., Hoyos‐Jaramillo, A., Santisteban‐Arenas, R. R., Salazar‐Ramírez J. G., Orozco‐Montoya, G. P., Ramos‐Valencia, S. A., Gómez‐Londoño, G., Ospina‐ Bautista, F., Estévez-Varón, J. V., Ossa‐López, P. A., Rivera‐Páez, F. A., Pérez Cárdenas, J. E., Fontúrbel, F. E., Castaño‐Villa, G. J., 2020. A morphological, reproductive, and molt phenology database for 379 bird species from the Colombian Tropical Andes. Ecology (in press). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3016. Choi, Y.J., Jang, W.J., Ryu, J.S., Lee, S.H., Park, K.H., Paik, H.S., Koh, Y.S., Choi, M.S., Kim, I.S., 2005. Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 237–44. https://doi:10.3201/eid1102.040603. Drummond, A.J., Ashton, B., Cheung, M., Heled, J., Kearse, M., Moir, R., Stones, H.S., Thierer, T., Wilson, A., 2009. Geneious v.8.14. http://www.geneious.com (Accessed 19 August 2019). Flores, F.S., Costa, F.B., Nava, S., Diaz, L.A., Labruna, M.B., 2016. Rickettsial infection in ticks infesting wild birds from two eco‐regions of Argentina. Rev Bras. Parasitol Vet. 25, 378–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016045. Jia, N., Zheng, Y.C., Jiang, J.F., Ma, L., Cao. W.C., 2013. Human infection with Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 1178–1180. http://doi.org/ 10.7326/M15- 2572. Karpathy, S.E., Slater, K.S, Goldsmith,C.S., Nicholson, W.L., Paddock, C.D., 2016. Rickettsia amblyommatis sp. nov., a spotted fever group Rickettsia associated with multiple species of Amblyomma ticks in North, Central and South America. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 66, 5236–5243. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001502. Labruna, M.B., Whitworth, T., Horta, M.C., Bouyer, D.H., McBride, J.W., Pinter, A., Popov, V., Gennari, S.M., Walker, D.H., 2004. Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.1.90-98.2004. Lugarini, C., Martins, T.F., Ogrzewalska, M., de Vasconcelos, N.C.T., Ellis, V.A., de Oliveira, J.B., Pinter, A., Labruna, M.B., Ramos Silva, J.C., 2015. Rickettsial agents in avian ixodid ticks in northeast Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 3, 364–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.011. Martínez-Sánchez, E.T., Cardona-Romero, M., Ortiz-Giraldo, M., Tobón-Escobar, W.D., Moreno López, D., Ossa-López, P.A., Pérez-Cárdenas, J.E., Labruna, M.B., Martins, T.F., Rivera-Páez, F.A., Castaño-Villa, G.J., 2020. Associations between wild birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Colombia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 11, 101534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101534. Miranda, J., Portillo, A. Oteo, J.A., Mattar, S., 2012. Rickettsia sp. Strain Colombianensi (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae): A New Proposed Rickettsia Detected in Amblyomma dissimile (Acari: Ixodidae) from Iguanas and Free-Living Larvae Ticks from Vegetation. J. Med. Entomol. 49, 960–965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME11195. Miranda, J., Mattar, S., 2014. Molecular detection of Rickettsia bellii and Rickettsia sp. strain Colombianensi in ticks from Cordoba, Colombia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 5, 208–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.10.008. Mukherjee, N., Beati, L., Sellers, M., Burton, L., Adamson, S., Robbins, R.G., Moore, F., Karima, S., 2014. Importation of exotic ticks and tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae into the United States by migrating songbirds. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 5, 127–134. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.09.009. Novakova, M., Literak, I., Chevez, L., Martins, T.F., Ogrzewalska, M., Labruna, M.B., 2015. Rickettsial infections in ticks from reptiles, birds and humans in Honduras. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 6, 737–742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.06.009. Ogrzewalska, M., Uezu, A., Labruna, M.B., 2010. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the eastern Amazon, northern Brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks. Parasitol. Res. 106, 809–816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1733-1. Ogrzewalska, M., Uezu, A., Labruna, M.B., 2011. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks. Parasitol. Res. 108, 665–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2111-8. Ogrzewalska, M., Literak, I., Cardenas-Callirgos, J.M., Capek, M., Labruna, M.B., 2012a. Rickettsia bellii in ticks Amblyomma varium Koch, 1844, from birds in Peru. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 3, 254–256. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.05.003. Ogrzewalska, M., Saraiva, D.G., Moraes-Filho, J., Martins, T.F., Costa, F.B., Pinter, A., Labruna, M.B., 2012b. Epidemiology of brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 139, 1283–1300. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0031182012000546. Ogrzewalska, M., Literak, I., Martins, T.F., Labruna, M.B., 2014. Rickettsial infections in ticks from wild birds in Paraguay. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 5, 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.08.004 Ogrzewalska, M., Literák, I., Capek, M., Sychra, O., Álvarez Calderón, V., Calvo Rodríguez, B., Prudencio, C., Martins, T.F., Labruna, M.B., 2015. Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from birds in Costa Rica. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 6, 478–482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.016. Ogrzewalska, M., Pinter, A., 2016. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) as ectoparasites of Brazilian wild birds and their association with rickettsial diseases. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 53, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v53i1p1-31. Pacheco, R.C., Arzua, M., Nieri-Bastos, F.A., Moraes-Filho, J., Marcili, A., Richtzenhain, L.J., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Labruna, M.B., 2012. Rickettsial Infection in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected on Birds in Southern Brazil. J. Med. Entomol. 49, 710–716. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11217. Parola, P., Paddock, C.D., Socolovschi, C., Labruna, M.B., Mediannikov, O., Kernif, T., Abdad, M.Y., Stenos, J., Bitam, I., Fournier, P.E., Raoult, D., 2013. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 26, 657–702. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00032-13. Quintero, J.C., Londoño, A.F., Díaz, F.J., Agudelo-Flórez, P., Arboleda, Rodas, J.D., 2013. Ecoepidemiología de la infección por rickettsias en roedores, ectoparásitos y humanos en el noroeste de Antioquia, Colombia. Biomédica 33, 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.735. Quintero, J., Paternina, L.E., Uribe, A., Muskus, C., Hidalgo, M., Gil, J., Cienfuegos, A.V., Osorio, L., Rojas, C., 2017. Eco-epidemiological analysis of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia: A multilevel approach. Plos Negl. Trop. Dis 18, 1–19. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/47f1/2885d96a57aa32fbe991ce35b80437830e53.pdf. Ramos, D.G.S., Melo, A.L.T., Martins, T.F., Alves, A.S., Pacheco, T.A., Pinto, L.B., Pinho, J.B., Labruna, M.B., Dutra, V., Aguiar, D.M., Pacheco, R.C., 2015. Rickettsial infection in ticks from wild birds from Cerrado and the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso: midwestern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 6, 836–842. Regnery, R.L., Spruill, C.L., Plikaytis, B.D., 1991. Genotypic identification of rickettsiae and estimation of intraspecies sequence divergence for portions of two rickettsial genes. J. Bacteriol. 173, 1576–1589. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.5.1576-1589.1991. Zeringóta, V., Maturano, R., Luz, H.R., Senra, T.O., Daemon, E., Faccini, J.L., McIntosh, D., 2017. Molecular detection of Rickettsia rhipicephali and other spotted fever group Rickettsia species in Amblyomma ticks infesting wild birds in the state of Minas Gerais. Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 8, 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.001. Weinert, L.A., Werren, J.H., Aebi, A., Stone, G.N., Jiggins, F.M., 2009. Evolution and diversity of Rickettsia bacteria. BMC Biol. 7: 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-7-6. Yi, S., Hongrong, J., Wuchun, C., Weiming, F., Wendong, J., Xin, W., 2014. Prevalence of Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae-Like Bacteria in Ixodid Ticks at 13 Sites on the Chinese– Russian Border. J. Med. Entomol. 51, 1304–1207. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13189.
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spelling	Castaño Villa, Gabriel Jaimef032140d881edcd71847a32a70dabe04-1Rivera Páez, Fredy Arvey8f9f348efa0334b8d340458e57c421fa-1Martinez Sanchez, Estefani Tatianadd971967-1143-4d96-a3a6-5aa6cfed7433-12020-09-10T16:19:19Z2020-09-10T16:19:19Z2020-09-10https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/10836Universidad de CaldasRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldashttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/Mapas, ilustracionesspa: Las aves silvestres han sido relacionadas con el transporte y dispersión de garrapatas duras entre y dentro de los continentes. Así mismo, al parecer juegan un papel clave en la epidemiología de los patógenos asociados con las garrapatas. Principalmente se ha documentado el papel de las aves en la diseminación de garrapatas duras de origen Neotropical, en algunos casos portadoras de bacterias patógenas en América (e.g., Borrelia, Ehrlichia y Rickettsia). En Colombia se ha registrado la presencia de rickettsias en garrapatas, mamíferos silvestres, domésticos, y en humanos, pero se desconoce el rol de las aves como hospederos de garrapatas portadoras de bacterias de este género. El departamento de Caldas parece ser un escenario propicio para investigar las relaciones entre aves, garrapatas y rickettsias, debido a los registros de casos de Rickettsia en humanos en 2005. En la presente investigación, se realizó la búsqueda de garrapatas duras en aves silvestres en 19 municipios del departamento de Caldas. Las garrapatas colectadas de las aves se examinaron e identificaron con claves taxonómicas con base en su morfología y análisis moleculares con los genes 16S, COI e ITS2. Posteriormente, para la detección de Rickettsia en las garrapatas se utilizaron los genes gltA, ompA y ompB. Se examinaron 2314 aves, de las cuales 78 individuos (3,4%) resultaron infestados por garrapatas. Diez especies de garrapatas se colectaron en aves (Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma varium, Amblyomma dissimile, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma calcaratum, Ixodes sp. I, Ixodes sp. II, Ixodes sp III y Haemaphysalis leporispalustris). Se detectó la presencia de Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia sp. cepa Koreansis, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae/Rickettsia canadensis, Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi/Rickettsia monacensis y Rickettsia sp. en cinco de las especies de garrapatas mencionadas. Se reportan nuevas asociaciones entre aves y garrapatas, principalmente entre aves migratorias boreales y garrapatas de origen Neotropical. Finalmente, se discute la importancia de las aves como hospederos de garrapatas infectadas por rickettsias.eng: Wild birds are associated with hard tick transport and dispersal between and within continents. Furthermore, birds play a key role in the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens. There is documented information on the role of birds in the dispersal of Neotropical hard ticks, which, in some cases, transmit pathogenic bacteria in America (e.g., Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia). In Colombia, there are records of rickettsiae in ticks, wild and domestic mammals, and humans; however, the role of birds as hosts of ticks that carry rickettsiae is unknown. The department of Caldas is an ideal setting to study the relationships among birds, ticks, and rickettsiae, due to case reports of Rickettsia en humans in 2005. This research studied hard ticks from wild birds in 19 municipalities in the department of Caldas. The collected ticks were examined and morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. Molecular analyses of 16S, COI, and ITS2 gene sequences were also performed for tick identification. The detection of tick-borne Rickettsia was done using genes gltA, ompA, and ompB. A total of 2314 birds were examined, including 78 individuals (3.4%) that were infested with ticks. Ten tick species were collected and identified (e.g. Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma varium, Amblyomma dissimile, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma calcaratum, Ixodes sp. I, Ixodes sp. II, Ixodes sp III, and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris). The presence of Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia sp. strain Koreansis, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae/Rickettsia canadensis, Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi/Rickettsia monacensis, and Rickettsia sp. was detected in five tick species. New associations between birds and ticks are reported, mainly between migratory boreal and Neotropical ticks. Finally, the importance of birds as hosts of rickettsia-infected ticks is discussed.1. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER/ 11 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS/ 14 2.1. Study area / 14 2.2. Bird capture, collection and morphological identificaction of ticks/ 14 2.3. Molecular identification of ticks and Ricketsia spp. Detection /15 3. RESULTS/ 17 3.1. CHAPTER I Associations between wild birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Colombia/ 18 3.2. CHAPTER II Rickettsia spp. in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from wild birds in Caldas, Colombia/ 4. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS / 5. REFERENCESMaestríaMagister en Ciencias Biológicasapplication/pdfengspaCopyright (c) 2020 Universidad de Caldashttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercialhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbMIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDASTrabajo de grado - Maestríahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesManizalesMaestría en Ciencias BiológicasAvendaño, J.E., Bohórquez, C.I., Rosselli, L., Arzuza-Buelvas, D., Estela, F.A., Cuervo, A.M., Stiles, F.G., Renjifo, L.M., 2017. 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

MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT WILD BIRDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF Rickettsia spp. IN TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CALDAS

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