Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.
El presente trabajo de grado se propone analizar la influencia del enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua (CLT) en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa inicial en clase de EFL. Esta investigación surgió de una etapa inicial de observación y diagnóstico, donde fue posible identificar...
- Autores:
-
Bernal Aguirre, Milena
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UPN
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/12126
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12126
- Palabra clave:
- Competencia comunicativa
Enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua
Actividades comunicativas
Communicative competence
Communicative language teaching
Communicative activities
- Rights
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| title |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| spellingShingle |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. Competencia comunicativa Enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua Actividades comunicativas Communicative competence Communicative language teaching Communicative activities |
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Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| title_full |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| title_fullStr |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| title_sort |
Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bernal Aguirre, Milena |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rojas López, Ronald Andrés |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bernal Aguirre, Milena |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Competencia comunicativa Enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua Actividades comunicativas |
| topic |
Competencia comunicativa Enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua Actividades comunicativas Communicative competence Communicative language teaching Communicative activities |
| dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Communicative competence Communicative language teaching Communicative activities |
| description |
El presente trabajo de grado se propone analizar la influencia del enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua (CLT) en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa inicial en clase de EFL. Esta investigación surgió de una etapa inicial de observación y diagnóstico, donde fue posible identificar que las estudiantes tenían un bajo rendimiento en inglés, en consecuencia, no podían comprender preguntas básicas o expresar ideas simples sobre temas comunes. Para abordar estas dificultades, se planificó una intervención pedagógica basada en la metodología propuesta por el enfoque CLT, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar el conocimiento lingüístico de los estudiantes y también una comunicación efectiva. Como resultado, los estudiantes pasaron por diferentes fases de intervención que contenían una serie de objetivos y metas de rendimientos relacionados con algunos tipos de conocimiento específico de la lengua, lo que les permitió utilizar recursos lingüísticos para diferentes propósitos en una variedad de situaciones comunicativas. |
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Alcón Soler, E. and Safont Jordà, M., 2007. Intercultural Language Use And Language Learning. Amsterdam: Springer Science & Business Media, pp.42-49 Bagarić, V., & Djigunović, J. M. (2007). Defining communicative competence. Metodika, 8(1), 94-103. Barz, G. and Cooley, T., 2008. Shadows In The Field: New Perspectives For Fieldwork In Ethnomusicology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.47-48. Berg, B. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences [Ebook] (4th ed., pp. 178-185). California. Retrieved from http://repository.umpwr.ac.id:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/3723/qualitative_research_methods_for_the_social_sciences.pdf?sequence=1 Colegio Liceo Femenino "Mercedes Nariño" Proyecto educativo institucional-P.E.I-2018. (2018). [Ebook]. Bogotá. Christie, F. and Martin, J., 2009. Language, Knowledge And Pedagogy: Functional Linguistic And Sociological Perspectives. Great Britain: Bloomsbury Publishing, pp.5-6. Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (2008). The landscape of qualitative research [Ebook] (3rd ed., pp. 4). California: Sage. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=4StZvMUWJf0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=qualitative+research+method&ots=qAQWAqgBIU&sig=NO-scBvlOvfREqcJN9blrt3LilQ#v=onepage&q=qualitative%20research%20method&f=false Fauziati, E., 2008. Introduction To Methods And Approaches In Second Or Foreign Language Teaching. p.3. Fenner, A., & Newby, D. (2006). Coherence of principles, cohesion of competences (p. 17). Council of Europe. Field, K. (2000). Issues in Modern Foreign Languages Teaching (pp. 22-24). Psychology Press. Fusch, P., Fusch, G., & Ness, L. (2018). Denzin's paradigm shift: Revisiting triangulation in qualitative research. In Journal of social change (p. 21). Goldsmith, L. and Seago, N., 2011. Using Classroom Artifacts To Focus Teachers’ Noticing. Mathematics Teacher Noticing: Seeing Through Teachers’ Eyes. Routledge, p.170. Hinkel, E. and Fotos, S. (2001). New perspectives on language teaching in second language classrooms [Ebook] (1st ed., pp. 4, 5, 8). Nueva York: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.co/books?id=mMGQAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=es&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. [ebook] Sociolinguistics, pp.54,55. Available at: http://smjegupr.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ESPA-3246-On-Communicative-Competence-p-53-73.pdf [Accessed 18 Jun. 2019]. Heighman, J. and Croker, R. (2009). Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. 1st ed. [ebook] England: Springer, p.7,14,15. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=zFGHDAAAQBAJ&dq=qualitative+research+in+applied+linguistics&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 21 Jun. 2019]. Lantolf, J. (1994). Vygotskian Approaches to Second Language Research. [ebook] New Jersey: Greenwood Publishing Group, pp.4,5,6,9. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=QbBCGkx4hwC&dq=+vygotsky+second+language+acquisition&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019]. Larsari, V., 2011. Learners' communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL). In: Journal of English and literature. p.161. Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative Language Teaching: An Introduction. [ebook] New York: Cambridge University Press, pp.1,8,9. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=LRataYhTQ3gC&dq=communicative+language+teaching&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019]. Ministerio de Educación Nacional, (2006). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras: Inglés. Bogotá , Colombia. Retrieved from: https://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co Mahn, H. (2012). Vygotsky and Second Language Acquisition. In: The enclyclopedia of applied linguistics. p.1. Nassaji, H. and Fotos, S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. [ebook] New York: Routledge, pp.5,6,7,8,9,11,12. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?hl=es&lr=&id=OvktCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=teaching+grammar+in+second+language+classrooms&ots=-4PQFsUZzO&sig=ZAczzjd6rLRRqcLBf6fNTl89Vc4 [Accessed 18 Jun. 2019]. Richards, J., 2005. Communicative Language Teaching Today. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre, pp.5-14-18-22-23. Schleppegrell, M., 2004. The Language Of Schooling. Mahwah, New Jersey: Routledge, pp.18-19. Seale, C. and Silverman, D., 1997. Ensuring Rigour In Qualitative Research. The European Journal of Public Health, p.379. Spada, N., 2007. Communicative language teaching: Current status and future prospects. In: N. Spada, ed., International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Boston: Springer, p.271. Thornbury, S. (1999). How to teach grammar (pp. 2,3). Longman. Tomasello, M. (2014). The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure. [ebook] New York: Pychology Press, pp.9,10,15,18. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=PInAAwAAQBAJ&dq=functional+approaches+to+language&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019]. VanPatten, B. and Williams, J., 2014. Theories In Second Language Acquisition. Routledge, p.186. |
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Rojas López, Ronald AndrésBernal Aguirre, MilenaBogotá2019-20202020-08-05T23:38:50Z2020-08-05T23:38:50Z2020http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12126instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalinstname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalreponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/El presente trabajo de grado se propone analizar la influencia del enfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua (CLT) en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa inicial en clase de EFL. Esta investigación surgió de una etapa inicial de observación y diagnóstico, donde fue posible identificar que las estudiantes tenían un bajo rendimiento en inglés, en consecuencia, no podían comprender preguntas básicas o expresar ideas simples sobre temas comunes. Para abordar estas dificultades, se planificó una intervención pedagógica basada en la metodología propuesta por el enfoque CLT, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar el conocimiento lingüístico de los estudiantes y también una comunicación efectiva. Como resultado, los estudiantes pasaron por diferentes fases de intervención que contenían una serie de objetivos y metas de rendimientos relacionados con algunos tipos de conocimiento específico de la lengua, lo que les permitió utilizar recursos lingüísticos para diferentes propósitos en una variedad de situaciones comunicativas.Submitted by Milena Bernal Aguirre (del_mbernala456@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-08-03T17:44:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf: 4634713 bytes, checksum: 978acef7ed9bc2e39b08a306acee85d1 (MD5) Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.pdf: 449640 bytes, checksum: 338f2e20226d5c1c2603914d66e36de4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-08-04T00:00:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf: 4634713 bytes, checksum: 978acef7ed9bc2e39b08a306acee85d1 (MD5) Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.pdf: 449640 bytes, checksum: 338f2e20226d5c1c2603914d66e36de4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Elsy Carolina Martínez (ecmartinezb@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-08-05T23:38:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf: 4634713 bytes, checksum: 978acef7ed9bc2e39b08a306acee85d1 (MD5) Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.pdf: 449640 bytes, checksum: 338f2e20226d5c1c2603914d66e36de4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-05T23:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf: 4634713 bytes, checksum: 978acef7ed9bc2e39b08a306acee85d1 (MD5) Developing students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.pdf: 449640 bytes, checksum: 338f2e20226d5c1c2603914d66e36de4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020Universidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciado en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasTesis de pregradoPDFapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciatura en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasFacultad de Humanidadeshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso abiertoAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalinstname:Universidad Pedagógica NacionalCompetencia comunicativaEnfoque de enseñanza comunicativa de la lenguaActividades comunicativasCommunicative competenceCommunicative language teachingCommunicative activitiesDeveloping students' initial EFL communicative competence through the Communicative Language Teaching approach.info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía – Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAlcón Soler, E. and Safont Jordà, M., 2007. Intercultural Language Use And Language Learning. Amsterdam: Springer Science & Business Media, pp.42-49Bagarić, V., & Djigunović, J. M. (2007). Defining communicative competence. Metodika, 8(1), 94-103.Barz, G. and Cooley, T., 2008. Shadows In The Field: New Perspectives For Fieldwork In Ethnomusicology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.47-48.Berg, B. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences [Ebook] (4th ed., pp. 178-185). California. Retrieved from http://repository.umpwr.ac.id:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/3723/qualitative_research_methods_for_the_social_sciences.pdf?sequence=1Colegio Liceo Femenino "Mercedes Nariño" Proyecto educativo institucional-P.E.I-2018. (2018). [Ebook]. Bogotá.Christie, F. and Martin, J., 2009. Language, Knowledge And Pedagogy: Functional Linguistic And Sociological Perspectives. Great Britain: Bloomsbury Publishing, pp.5-6.Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (2008). The landscape of qualitative research [Ebook] (3rd ed., pp. 4). California: Sage. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=4StZvMUWJf0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=qualitative+research+method&ots=qAQWAqgBIU&sig=NO-scBvlOvfREqcJN9blrt3LilQ#v=onepage&q=qualitative%20research%20method&f=falseFauziati, E., 2008. Introduction To Methods And Approaches In Second Or Foreign Language Teaching. p.3.Fenner, A., & Newby, D. (2006). Coherence of principles, cohesion of competences (p. 17). Council of Europe.Field, K. (2000). Issues in Modern Foreign Languages Teaching (pp. 22-24). Psychology Press.Fusch, P., Fusch, G., & Ness, L. (2018). Denzin's paradigm shift: Revisiting triangulation in qualitative research. In Journal of social change (p. 21).Goldsmith, L. and Seago, N., 2011. Using Classroom Artifacts To Focus Teachers’ Noticing. Mathematics Teacher Noticing: Seeing Through Teachers’ Eyes. Routledge, p.170.Hinkel, E. and Fotos, S. (2001). New perspectives on language teaching in second language classrooms [Ebook] (1st ed., pp. 4, 5, 8). Nueva York: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.co/books?id=mMGQAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=es&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=falseHymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. [ebook] Sociolinguistics, pp.54,55. Available at: http://smjegupr.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ESPA-3246-On-Communicative-Competence-p-53-73.pdf [Accessed 18 Jun. 2019].Heighman, J. and Croker, R. (2009). Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. 1st ed. [ebook] England: Springer, p.7,14,15. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=zFGHDAAAQBAJ&dq=qualitative+research+in+applied+linguistics&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 21 Jun. 2019].Lantolf, J. (1994). Vygotskian Approaches to Second Language Research. [ebook] New Jersey: Greenwood Publishing Group, pp.4,5,6,9. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=QbBCGkx4hwC&dq=+vygotsky+second+language+acquisition&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].Larsari, V., 2011. Learners' communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL). In: Journal of English and literature. p.161.Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative Language Teaching: An Introduction. [ebook] New York: Cambridge University Press, pp.1,8,9. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=LRataYhTQ3gC&dq=communicative+language+teaching&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].Ministerio de Educación Nacional, (2006). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras: Inglés. Bogotá , Colombia. Retrieved from: https://www.colombiaaprende.edu.coMahn, H. (2012). Vygotsky and Second Language Acquisition. In: The enclyclopedia of applied linguistics. p.1.Nassaji, H. and Fotos, S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. [ebook] New York: Routledge, pp.5,6,7,8,9,11,12. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?hl=es&lr=&id=OvktCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=teaching+grammar+in+second+language+classrooms&ots=-4PQFsUZzO&sig=ZAczzjd6rLRRqcLBf6fNTl89Vc4 [Accessed 18 Jun. 2019].Richards, J., 2005. Communicative Language Teaching Today. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre, pp.5-14-18-22-23.Schleppegrell, M., 2004. The Language Of Schooling. Mahwah, New Jersey: Routledge, pp.18-19.Seale, C. and Silverman, D., 1997. Ensuring Rigour In Qualitative Research. The European Journal of Public Health, p.379.Spada, N., 2007. Communicative language teaching: Current status and future prospects. In: N. Spada, ed., International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Boston: Springer, p.271.Thornbury, S. (1999). How to teach grammar (pp. 2,3). Longman.Tomasello, M. (2014). The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure. [ebook] New York: Pychology Press, pp.9,10,15,18. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=PInAAwAAQBAJ&dq=functional+approaches+to+language&lr=&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].VanPatten, B. and Williams, J., 2014. Theories In Second Language Acquisition. Routledge, p.186.THUMBNAILDeveloping students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf.jpgDeveloping students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3507http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12126/5/Developing%20students%27%20initial%20EFL%20communicative%20competence.pdf.jpg4ed39301210523379071b059d0b7e53bMD55LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12126/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53Licencia de uso Milena.pdfLicencia de uso Milena.pdfapplication/pdf449640http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12126/4/Licencia%20de%20uso%20Milena.pdf338f2e20226d5c1c2603914d66e36de4MD54ORIGINALDeveloping students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdfDeveloping students' initial EFL communicative competence.pdfTrabajo de Gradoapplication/pdf4634713http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12126/1/Developing%20students%27%20initial%20EFL%20communicative%20competence.pdf978acef7ed9bc2e39b08a306acee85d1MD5120.500.12209/12126oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/121262023-06-01 14:40:43.016Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalrepositorio@pedagogica.edu.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 |