Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.

The present state of the art has the purpose of analyzing documentation that reports the status of the intercultural communicative competence implementation and investigation in the EFL classroom. This research follows a qualitative paradigm framework, and its type is documentary research. Data was...

Full description

Autores:
Piñeros Castro, Julio César
Serrano Pabón, Daniela Andrea
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UPN
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/18568
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/18568
Palabra clave:
Aula de EFL
CCI
Pensamiento crítico
Conciencia cultural
Comunicación
EFL classroom
ICC
Critical thinking
Cultural awareness
Communication
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id RPEDAGO2_76c9943f647a629d6a3bc3c3287258f7
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/18568
network_acronym_str RPEDAGO2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UPN
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
title Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
spellingShingle Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
Aula de EFL
CCI
Pensamiento crítico
Conciencia cultural
Comunicación
EFL classroom
ICC
Critical thinking
Cultural awareness
Communication
title_short Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
title_full Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
title_fullStr Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
title_full_unstemmed Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
title_sort Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Piñeros Castro, Julio César
Serrano Pabón, Daniela Andrea
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Montaño Moreno, Johanna
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Piñeros Castro, Julio César
Serrano Pabón, Daniela Andrea
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Aula de EFL
CCI
Pensamiento crítico
Conciencia cultural
Comunicación
topic Aula de EFL
CCI
Pensamiento crítico
Conciencia cultural
Comunicación
EFL classroom
ICC
Critical thinking
Cultural awareness
Communication
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv EFL classroom
ICC
Critical thinking
Cultural awareness
Communication
description The present state of the art has the purpose of analyzing documentation that reports the status of the intercultural communicative competence implementation and investigation in the EFL classroom. This research follows a qualitative paradigm framework, and its type is documentary research. Data was reviewed and compiled using two detailed rubrics systematically. The documents’ corpus contained information for the last ten years in Colombian universities. Findings show that ICC implementation has been used to foster critical thinking, cultural awareness, and tolerance when integrated into the classroom through several pedagogic strategies and methodologies demonstrating positive results.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-22T13:46:16Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-22T13:46:16Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/18568
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/18568
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN
repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Alarcón, N. (2017). Implementing a critical intercultural approach to foster adult english students' intercultural communicative competence. https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/7165/1/AlarconNatalia_2017_I mplementingCriticalIntercultural.pdf
Alfonso Rodríguez, D. M., Arciniegas Calderón, C. A., & Gutiérrez Rodríguez, L. F. (2016). La formación docente para la interculturalidad en el programa de Licenciatura de Lenguas de la Universidad de La Salle. https://ciencia.lasalle.edu.co/lic_lenguas/5
Altamar, W. (2015). LA CULTURA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA. Red Académica de español como lengua extranjera. https://spanishincolombia.caroycuervo.gov.co/encuentro-lengua-extranjera/ponencias/ Altamar%20Rond%C3%B3n%20Wajibe%20y%20Nelson%20Hern%C3%A1n%20G iraldo%20Sanguino.pdf
Andrade, H. G. (n.d.). Understanding Rubrics by Heidi Goodrich Andrade. CiteSeerX. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=76aeb715d47178d 80bc63d6255f6fad02851322c
Banning, M. (n.d.). Approaches to teaching: current opinions and related research. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 502-508. https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1534/1/appproaches%20to%20teaching.pdf
Baoan, W. (2008). Application of Popular English Songs in EFL Classroom Teaching. Humanising Language Teaching, 3. http://old.hltmag.co.uk/jun08/less03.htm
Baptista, M. d. P., Hernández, R., & Fernández, C. (2010). METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN. McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L. https://www.icmujeres.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Sampieri.Met.Inv.pdf
Beltrán Guarnizo, L. & Vela Gómez, W. (2017). An EFL Teacher Candidates Teaching Experience from Action Research and Intercultural Communicative Competence. Revista Papeles, 9(17), 79-86. https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/471/403
British Council. (2015). British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.co/sites/default/files/colombia_version_final_-_espanol.pd f
Byram, M. (2020). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence: Revisited. Multilingual Matters. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=S6MJEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg= P#v=onepage&q&f=false
Carreño, L. (2018). Promoting Meaningful Encounters as a Way to Enhance Intercultural Competences. Colomb. appl. linguist. j., 20(1), pp. 120-135. https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/calj/article/view/11987/13519
Carreras Universitarias Colombia. (2021, July 2). Carreras universitarias en Idiomas en Colombia. Guía de Universidades y Carreras Virtuales de Colombia. https://carrerasuniversitarias.com.co/noticias/carreras-universitarias-de-ingles-en-colombia
Cesena, M. (2022, March 9). Países que hablan inglés - Cuántos hablantes hay en el mundo. Berlitz. Retrieved from https://www.berlitz.com/es-mx/blog/paises-que-hablan-ingles
Chambo, J., Cifuentes, M., Hérnandez, G., & Sierra, J. (2022). The role of intercultural communicative competence in the EFL classroom. https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12495/7741/The%20role %20of%20intercultural%20communicative%20competence%20in%20the%20EFL%2 0classroom.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Consejo Nacional de Acreditación. (n.d.). CNA - Información sobre la educación superior en Colombia. MEN. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/CNA/1741/article-187279.html
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-20. https://med-fom-familymed-research.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/03/W10-Corbin-and-S trauss-grounded-theory.pdf
Cuartero, M. (2023). Yoga Strategies for Lowering the Affective Filter in a Foreign Language Class. 1-3. https://www.auburn.edu/academic/international/_assets/docs/iputl/essays/YogaStrategi esforLoweringtheAffectiveFilterinaForeignLanguageClass.pdf
Cune, B., Tong, R., Dean, J., & Shapiro, D. (1985, September). RUBRIC: A System for Rule-Based Information Retrieval. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 11(9), 939-945. https://userweb.ucs.louisiana.edu/~sxv6878/readingmaterial/rubric.pdf
Dietz, G. (2018, January 17). Interculturality. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327455124_Interculturality
Educación Superior en Colombia - International / Estudiar en EAFIT. (n.d.). Universidad EAFIT. https://www.eafit.edu.co/international/esp/estudiar-eafit/Paginas/educacion-superior-e n-colombia.aspx
Elfahiti, M. (2005). The role of nonverbal communication in Beginners’ EFL Classrooms. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED491813.pdf
Lund, R. (2008). Intercultural competence – an aim for the teaching of English in Norway? Acta Didactica Norge, 2(1). https://journals.uio.no/adno/article/view/1025/904
Esteban-Núñez, M. (2021). Pre-Service Language Teachers’ Knowledge and Practices of Intercultural CommunicativeCompetence. HOW journal, 28(1), 11-29. https://www.howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/596/555
Fernández, R. (2022, February 9). • Los idiomas más hablados en el mundo en 2021. Statista. Retrieved from https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/635631/los-idiomas-mas-hablados-en-el-mundo/
Foss, K. A., & Littlejohn, S. W. (Eds.). (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. SAGE Publications. https://teddykw2.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/encyclopedia-of-communication-theor y.pdf
Gill, A., & Kusum, D. (2017). TEACHING APPROACHES, METHODS AND STRATEGY. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, 4, 6692-6697. https://oaji.net/articles/2017/1174-1512381655.pdf
Gómez, L. F. (2012). Fostering Intercultural Communicative Competence Through Reading Authentic Literary Texts in an Advanced Colombian EFL Classroom: A Constructivist Perspective. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 49–66. Retrieved from https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29055
Gómez, L.F. (2013). Enhancing intercultural competence through U.S multicultural literature in the EFL classroom. Revista Folios, (38), 95-109. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=345932041007
Gómez, L.F. (2014). Rational teaching: A way to foster EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence through literary short stories. Colombian Applied Linguistic Journal, 16(2), 135 – 150. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/calj/v16n2/v16n2a02.pdf
Gómez, L. F. (2018). EFL Learners’ Intercultural Competence Development Through International News. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal., (16), 185-208. https://latinjournal.org/index.php/gist/article/view/480/424
Granados-Beltrán, C. (2016). Critical Interculturality. A Path for Pre-service ELT Teachers. Íkala Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 21(2), 171-187. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/ikala/v21n2/v21n2a4.pdf
Hall, J., Horgan, T., & Murphy, N. (2019). Nonverbal Communication. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 271-294. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103145
Hall, S. (1997). THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER'. https://seminar580.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/hall-the-spectacle-of-the-other-pdf.df
Hammar, M. (2013). Culture in the EFL classroom which cultures dominate the classroom? https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/33254
Hammersley, M. (2013). What is Qualitative Research? Bloomsbury Academic. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=Zs2CesvIYs0C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1 &dq=qualitative+research&ots=VMKXiiKJgh&sig=GgyX_yJVUyUtImriecjmIe3pD S8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=qualitative%20research&f=false
Hawthorne, H. (2021, November 17). Types of Motivation in Education | Intrinsic & Extrinsic Effects. High Speed Training. https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/motivation-in-education/
Health and Life Skills Guide to Implementation. (2002). Alberta Learning. https://education.alberta.ca/media/482311/is.pdf
Heard, J., Scoular, C., Duckworth, D., Ramalingam, D. and Teo, I. CRITICAL THINKING: SKILL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK. CORE. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/287816564.pdf
Hélia, B. (2019, July). Culture, diversity, interculturality and cultural competence: knowledge and importance of the concepts in social work perspective. International Journal of New Education, (3), 61-67. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7454939
Henao, E., Gómez, J., & Murcia, J. (2019). Intercultural awareness and its misrepresentation in textbooks. Colomb. Appl. Linguistic. J., 21 (2), pp. 179-193 https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/calj/article/view/14177/15249
Hernandéz, M. (2016). Involving elementary level students in intercultural communicative competence activities through the use of cultural products and practices. Enletawa Journal, 9(1), 13-32. https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/enletawa_journal/article/view/7537/6229
Hoff, H. E. (2020). The Evolution of Intercultural Communicative Competence: Conceptualisations, Critiques and Consequences for 21st Century Classroom Practice. Intercultural Communication Education, 3(2), 55-74. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1284796.pdf
Jackson, J. (Ed.). (2012). The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication. Routledge.
Jannet, M. S., & Maradiaga, R. (2015). Técnicas de investigación documental. https://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/12168/1/100795.pdf
Jaramillo, N. (2015). A proposal to improve intercultural communicative competence through videos in an english program of a private university. https://repository.icesi.edu.co/biblioteca_digital/bitstream/10906/78766/1/T00386.pdf
Jones, B., Krost, K., & Jones, M. (2021). Relationships Between Students’ Course Perceptions, Effort, and Achievement in an Online Course. Computers and Education Open, 2, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100051
Kuo, M.-M., & Lai, C.-C. (2006). Linguistics across Cultures: The Impact of Culture on Second Language Learning. Journal of Foreign Language Instruction. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED496079.pdf
Le Gal, D. (2018). Enseñanza del inglés en Colombia: un necesario cambio de paradigma. Matices En Lenguas Extranjeras, (12), 154–187. https://doi.org/10.15446/male.n12.73267
López-Rocha, S. (2016). Intercultural communicative competence: creating awareness and promoting skills in the language classroom. In S. Stollhans, C. Goria, & O. Speicher (Eds.), Innovative Language Teaching and Learning at University: Enhancing Participation and Collaboration. Research-publishing.net. https://research-publishing.net/manuscript?10.14705/rpnet.2016.000411
Lund, R. E. (2008). Intercultural Competence - an aim for the teaching of English in Norway? Acta Didactica Norge, 2(1), 1-16.https://journals.uio.no/adno/article/view/1025/904
Luo, J.-J. (2014). Using Popular Culture to Promote Learning in EFL Classrooms: A Case Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112(1727), 209-218. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1877042814011744?token=1ACFEF84AB4 EC72614F3FDAE2C5FAA7C85DCE2F5C5DB8BF0D80E620F3A686ED93064BB4 27F00ED034E865A6E1B859F83&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=2023022 4033318
Manaj Sadiku, L. (2015, April). The Importance of Four Skills Reading, Speaking, Writing, Listening in a Lesson Hour. European Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 1(1), 29-31. https://revistia.org/files/articles/ejls_v1_i1_15/Lorena_Manaj.pdf
Manjarres, N. (2009). Intercultural Competence: Another Challenge. Profile Issues in Teachers` Professional Development, (11). http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-079020090001000 10
Martínez, J. (2014). An Approach to the Concept of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). Revista Electrónica Matices en Lenguas Extranjeras, 1(8), 80-101. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/67174/54796-280928-2-PB.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=y
Ministerio de educación Nacional. (2005). Para vivir en un mundo global -. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/article-97500.html
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2006). Formar en lenguas extranjeras: ¡el reto! Lo que necesitamos saber y saber hacer. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles-115174_archivo_pdf.pdf
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2006). Programa Nacional de Bilingüismo. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/articles-132560_recurso_pdf_programa_naci onal_bilinguismo.pdf
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Colombia Very Well!. MEN. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles-343837_Programa_Nacional_Ingles.p d
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2017). ¿Qué es la educación superior? https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/portal/Educacion-superior/Informacion-Destacada/ 196477:Que-es-la-educacion-superior
Moreno, L. (2019). An approach to the development of the Intercultural Competence through Literature in an EFL classroom of Secondary Education. https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/39582/TFM_F_2019_103.pdf;jsessioni d=0EAB633C05722D157EAD8A7D85AD9484?sequence=1
National Research Council. (2012). Developing READING and WRITING. https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/dbassesite/documents/webpage/dbasse_0 71757.pdf
Olaya, A., & Gómez, L.F. (2013). Exploring EFL Pre-service Teachers’ Experience with Cultural Content and Intercultural Communicative Competence at Three Colombian Universities. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/73466/40168-180042-1-PB.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=y
Pilshchikov, I. (2021). El esquema comunicativo de Roman Jakobson entre lenguas y continentes: historia cruzada del modelo teórico. Revista de estudios sociales, 77, 2-20. https://revistas.uniandes.edu.co/doi/10.7440/res77.2021.01
Porto, M., Houghton, S., & Byram, M. (2017). Intercultural citizenship in the (foreign) language classroom. LANGUAGE TEACHING RESEARCH, 1-15. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318581689_Intercultural_citizenship_in_the _foreign_language_classroom
Poulson, D. (1996). Group discussions. Userfit Tools, 79-89. https://rauterberg.employee.id.tue.nl/lecturenotes/UFTgroupdiscussion.pdf
Quappe, S., & Cantatore, G. (2005). What is Cultural Awareness, anyway? How do I build it? InSync Training and Coaching. http://www.insynctraining.nl/artikelen/what_is_cultural_awareness.pdf
Ramírez, A., Colmenares-Rodríguez, S., & Castellanos, M. (2019). Development of the Intercultural Communicative Competence by Working with Literary Works. Signo y Pensamiento, 38(74). https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/files-articulos/SyP/38-74%20(2019)/86059657001/
Ramírez, Edgar A (2011). La investigación cualitativa en educación. Balance y retos en el contexto colombiano Revista Interamericana de Investigación, Educación y Pedagogía, vol. 4, núm. 1, pp. 81-91 Universidad Santo Tomás.
Rico, C. (2018). The Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) in the Contexts of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Signo y Pensamiento, 37(72). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp37-72.ccic
Sanchéz, A. (2013). Bilingüismo en Colombia. Economía & Región, 7(2), 65-89. https://revistas.utb.edu.co/economiayregion/article/view/52
Stanley, G. (2011, July 12). How ESL and EFL classrooms differ. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://oupeltglobalblog.com/2011/07/12/how-esl-and-efl-classrooms-differ/
Uddin, J. (2010). Documentary Research Method: New Dimensions. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-14. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jashim-Ahmed/publication/227441751_Docume ntary_Research_Method_New_Dimensions/links/5677ad6208aebcdda0eb20fb/Docu mentary-Research-Method-New-Dimensions.pdf
University at Buffalo. (n.d.). Teaching Methods - Office of Curriculum, Assessment and Teaching Transformation. University at Buffalo. https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/develop/design/teaching-methods.html
Vogt, K. (2007). Model Byram new WS 1213. Ideas for Teaching English as a Foreign Language https://teachingenglishmf.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/3/4/10340840/model_byram_new_ ws_1213.pdf
The most spoken languages worldwide 2022. (2022, August 5). Statista. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/266808/the-most-spoken-languages-worldwide/
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Licenciatura en Español y Lenguas Extranjeras
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Humanidades
institution Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/5/Approaching%20ICC%20in%20the%20EFL%20classroom.pdf.jpg
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/3/license.txt
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/4/202303250098063-06%20JUN%2023%20JULIO%20Y%20DANIELA.pdf
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/1/Approaching%20ICC%20in%20the%20EFL%20classroom.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eef04cd8fc05913045d2f3d6f391067d
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6
1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@pedagogica.edu.co
_version_ 1814445257784295424
spelling Montaño Moreno, JohannaPiñeros Castro, Julio CésarSerrano Pabón, Daniela Andrea2023-06-22T13:46:16Z2023-06-22T13:46:16Z2023http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/18568instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalreponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/The present state of the art has the purpose of analyzing documentation that reports the status of the intercultural communicative competence implementation and investigation in the EFL classroom. This research follows a qualitative paradigm framework, and its type is documentary research. Data was reviewed and compiled using two detailed rubrics systematically. The documents’ corpus contained information for the last ten years in Colombian universities. Findings show that ICC implementation has been used to foster critical thinking, cultural awareness, and tolerance when integrated into the classroom through several pedagogic strategies and methodologies demonstrating positive results.Submitted by Daniela Andrea Serrano Pabón (daserranop@upn.edu.co) on 2023-06-06T20:44:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf: 916100 bytes, checksum: 1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4 (MD5) Licencia de uso formato FOR21GIB.pdf: 960825 bytes, checksum: 3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2023-06-06T21:38:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf: 916100 bytes, checksum: 1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4 (MD5) Licencia de uso formato FOR21GIB.pdf: 960825 bytes, checksum: 3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Elsy Carolina Martínez (ecmartinezb@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2023-06-22T13:46:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf: 916100 bytes, checksum: 1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4 (MD5) Licencia de uso formato FOR21GIB.pdf: 960825 bytes, checksum: 3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-22T13:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Approaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf: 916100 bytes, checksum: 1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4 (MD5) Licencia de uso formato FOR21GIB.pdf: 960825 bytes, checksum: 3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023Licenciado en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasPregradoapplication/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciatura en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasFacultad de Humanidadeshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAula de EFLCCIPensamiento críticoConciencia culturalComunicaciónEFL classroomICCCritical thinkingCultural awarenessCommunicationApproaching ICC in the EFL classroom : a state of the art.Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisAlarcón, N. (2017). Implementing a critical intercultural approach to foster adult english students' intercultural communicative competence. https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/7165/1/AlarconNatalia_2017_I mplementingCriticalIntercultural.pdfAlfonso Rodríguez, D. M., Arciniegas Calderón, C. A., & Gutiérrez Rodríguez, L. F. (2016). La formación docente para la interculturalidad en el programa de Licenciatura de Lenguas de la Universidad de La Salle. https://ciencia.lasalle.edu.co/lic_lenguas/5Altamar, W. (2015). LA CULTURA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA. Red Académica de español como lengua extranjera. https://spanishincolombia.caroycuervo.gov.co/encuentro-lengua-extranjera/ponencias/ Altamar%20Rond%C3%B3n%20Wajibe%20y%20Nelson%20Hern%C3%A1n%20G iraldo%20Sanguino.pdfAndrade, H. G. (n.d.). Understanding Rubrics by Heidi Goodrich Andrade. CiteSeerX. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=76aeb715d47178d 80bc63d6255f6fad02851322cBanning, M. (n.d.). Approaches to teaching: current opinions and related research. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 502-508. https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1534/1/appproaches%20to%20teaching.pdfBaoan, W. (2008). Application of Popular English Songs in EFL Classroom Teaching. Humanising Language Teaching, 3. http://old.hltmag.co.uk/jun08/less03.htmBaptista, M. d. P., Hernández, R., & Fernández, C. (2010). METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN. McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L. https://www.icmujeres.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Sampieri.Met.Inv.pdfBeltrán Guarnizo, L. & Vela Gómez, W. (2017). An EFL Teacher Candidates Teaching Experience from Action Research and Intercultural Communicative Competence. Revista Papeles, 9(17), 79-86. https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/471/403British Council. (2015). British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.co/sites/default/files/colombia_version_final_-_espanol.pd fByram, M. (2020). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence: Revisited. Multilingual Matters. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=S6MJEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg= P#v=onepage&q&f=falseCarreño, L. (2018). Promoting Meaningful Encounters as a Way to Enhance Intercultural Competences. Colomb. appl. linguist. j., 20(1), pp. 120-135. https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/calj/article/view/11987/13519Carreras Universitarias Colombia. (2021, July 2). Carreras universitarias en Idiomas en Colombia. Guía de Universidades y Carreras Virtuales de Colombia. https://carrerasuniversitarias.com.co/noticias/carreras-universitarias-de-ingles-en-colombiaCesena, M. (2022, March 9). Países que hablan inglés - Cuántos hablantes hay en el mundo. Berlitz. Retrieved from https://www.berlitz.com/es-mx/blog/paises-que-hablan-inglesChambo, J., Cifuentes, M., Hérnandez, G., & Sierra, J. (2022). The role of intercultural communicative competence in the EFL classroom. https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12495/7741/The%20role %20of%20intercultural%20communicative%20competence%20in%20the%20EFL%2 0classroom.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yConsejo Nacional de Acreditación. (n.d.). CNA - Información sobre la educación superior en Colombia. MEN. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/CNA/1741/article-187279.htmlCorbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-20. https://med-fom-familymed-research.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/03/W10-Corbin-and-S trauss-grounded-theory.pdfCuartero, M. (2023). Yoga Strategies for Lowering the Affective Filter in a Foreign Language Class. 1-3. https://www.auburn.edu/academic/international/_assets/docs/iputl/essays/YogaStrategi esforLoweringtheAffectiveFilterinaForeignLanguageClass.pdfCune, B., Tong, R., Dean, J., & Shapiro, D. (1985, September). RUBRIC: A System for Rule-Based Information Retrieval. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 11(9), 939-945. https://userweb.ucs.louisiana.edu/~sxv6878/readingmaterial/rubric.pdfDietz, G. (2018, January 17). Interculturality. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327455124_InterculturalityEducación Superior en Colombia - International / Estudiar en EAFIT. (n.d.). Universidad EAFIT. https://www.eafit.edu.co/international/esp/estudiar-eafit/Paginas/educacion-superior-e n-colombia.aspxElfahiti, M. (2005). The role of nonverbal communication in Beginners’ EFL Classrooms. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED491813.pdfLund, R. (2008). Intercultural competence – an aim for the teaching of English in Norway? Acta Didactica Norge, 2(1). https://journals.uio.no/adno/article/view/1025/904Esteban-Núñez, M. (2021). Pre-Service Language Teachers’ Knowledge and Practices of Intercultural CommunicativeCompetence. HOW journal, 28(1), 11-29. https://www.howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/596/555Fernández, R. (2022, February 9). • Los idiomas más hablados en el mundo en 2021. Statista. Retrieved from https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/635631/los-idiomas-mas-hablados-en-el-mundo/Foss, K. A., & Littlejohn, S. W. (Eds.). (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. SAGE Publications. https://teddykw2.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/encyclopedia-of-communication-theor y.pdfGill, A., & Kusum, D. (2017). TEACHING APPROACHES, METHODS AND STRATEGY. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, 4, 6692-6697. https://oaji.net/articles/2017/1174-1512381655.pdfGómez, L. F. (2012). Fostering Intercultural Communicative Competence Through Reading Authentic Literary Texts in an Advanced Colombian EFL Classroom: A Constructivist Perspective. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 49–66. Retrieved from https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29055Gómez, L.F. (2013). Enhancing intercultural competence through U.S multicultural literature in the EFL classroom. Revista Folios, (38), 95-109. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=345932041007Gómez, L.F. (2014). Rational teaching: A way to foster EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence through literary short stories. Colombian Applied Linguistic Journal, 16(2), 135 – 150. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/calj/v16n2/v16n2a02.pdfGómez, L. F. (2018). EFL Learners’ Intercultural Competence Development Through International News. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal., (16), 185-208. https://latinjournal.org/index.php/gist/article/view/480/424Granados-Beltrán, C. (2016). Critical Interculturality. A Path for Pre-service ELT Teachers. Íkala Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 21(2), 171-187. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/ikala/v21n2/v21n2a4.pdfHall, J., Horgan, T., & Murphy, N. (2019). Nonverbal Communication. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 271-294. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103145Hall, S. (1997). THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER'. https://seminar580.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/hall-the-spectacle-of-the-other-pdf.dfHammar, M. (2013). Culture in the EFL classroom which cultures dominate the classroom? https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/33254Hammersley, M. (2013). What is Qualitative Research? Bloomsbury Academic. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=Zs2CesvIYs0C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1 &dq=qualitative+research&ots=VMKXiiKJgh&sig=GgyX_yJVUyUtImriecjmIe3pD S8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=qualitative%20research&f=falseHawthorne, H. (2021, November 17). Types of Motivation in Education | Intrinsic & Extrinsic Effects. High Speed Training. https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/motivation-in-education/Health and Life Skills Guide to Implementation. (2002). Alberta Learning. https://education.alberta.ca/media/482311/is.pdfHeard, J., Scoular, C., Duckworth, D., Ramalingam, D. and Teo, I. CRITICAL THINKING: SKILL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK. CORE. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/287816564.pdfHélia, B. (2019, July). Culture, diversity, interculturality and cultural competence: knowledge and importance of the concepts in social work perspective. International Journal of New Education, (3), 61-67. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7454939Henao, E., Gómez, J., & Murcia, J. (2019). Intercultural awareness and its misrepresentation in textbooks. Colomb. Appl. Linguistic. J., 21 (2), pp. 179-193 https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/calj/article/view/14177/15249Hernandéz, M. (2016). Involving elementary level students in intercultural communicative competence activities through the use of cultural products and practices. Enletawa Journal, 9(1), 13-32. https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/enletawa_journal/article/view/7537/6229Hoff, H. E. (2020). The Evolution of Intercultural Communicative Competence: Conceptualisations, Critiques and Consequences for 21st Century Classroom Practice. Intercultural Communication Education, 3(2), 55-74. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1284796.pdfJackson, J. (Ed.). (2012). The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication. Routledge.Jannet, M. S., & Maradiaga, R. (2015). Técnicas de investigación documental. https://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/12168/1/100795.pdfJaramillo, N. (2015). A proposal to improve intercultural communicative competence through videos in an english program of a private university. https://repository.icesi.edu.co/biblioteca_digital/bitstream/10906/78766/1/T00386.pdfJones, B., Krost, K., & Jones, M. (2021). Relationships Between Students’ Course Perceptions, Effort, and Achievement in an Online Course. Computers and Education Open, 2, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100051Kuo, M.-M., & Lai, C.-C. (2006). Linguistics across Cultures: The Impact of Culture on Second Language Learning. Journal of Foreign Language Instruction. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED496079.pdfLe Gal, D. (2018). Enseñanza del inglés en Colombia: un necesario cambio de paradigma. Matices En Lenguas Extranjeras, (12), 154–187. https://doi.org/10.15446/male.n12.73267López-Rocha, S. (2016). Intercultural communicative competence: creating awareness and promoting skills in the language classroom. In S. Stollhans, C. Goria, & O. Speicher (Eds.), Innovative Language Teaching and Learning at University: Enhancing Participation and Collaboration. Research-publishing.net. https://research-publishing.net/manuscript?10.14705/rpnet.2016.000411Lund, R. E. (2008). Intercultural Competence - an aim for the teaching of English in Norway? Acta Didactica Norge, 2(1), 1-16.https://journals.uio.no/adno/article/view/1025/904Luo, J.-J. (2014). Using Popular Culture to Promote Learning in EFL Classrooms: A Case Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112(1727), 209-218. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1877042814011744?token=1ACFEF84AB4 EC72614F3FDAE2C5FAA7C85DCE2F5C5DB8BF0D80E620F3A686ED93064BB4 27F00ED034E865A6E1B859F83&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=2023022 4033318Manaj Sadiku, L. (2015, April). The Importance of Four Skills Reading, Speaking, Writing, Listening in a Lesson Hour. European Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 1(1), 29-31. https://revistia.org/files/articles/ejls_v1_i1_15/Lorena_Manaj.pdfManjarres, N. (2009). Intercultural Competence: Another Challenge. Profile Issues in Teachers` Professional Development, (11). http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-079020090001000 10Martínez, J. (2014). An Approach to the Concept of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). Revista Electrónica Matices en Lenguas Extranjeras, 1(8), 80-101. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/67174/54796-280928-2-PB.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=yMinisterio de educación Nacional. (2005). Para vivir en un mundo global -. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/article-97500.htmlMinisterio de Educación Nacional. (2006). Formar en lenguas extranjeras: ¡el reto! Lo que necesitamos saber y saber hacer. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles-115174_archivo_pdf.pdfMinisterio de Educación Nacional. (2006). Programa Nacional de Bilingüismo. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/articles-132560_recurso_pdf_programa_naci onal_bilinguismo.pdfMinisterio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Colombia Very Well!. MEN. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles-343837_Programa_Nacional_Ingles.p dMinisterio de Educación Nacional. (2017). ¿Qué es la educación superior? https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/portal/Educacion-superior/Informacion-Destacada/ 196477:Que-es-la-educacion-superiorMoreno, L. (2019). An approach to the development of the Intercultural Competence through Literature in an EFL classroom of Secondary Education. https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/39582/TFM_F_2019_103.pdf;jsessioni d=0EAB633C05722D157EAD8A7D85AD9484?sequence=1National Research Council. (2012). Developing READING and WRITING. https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/dbassesite/documents/webpage/dbasse_0 71757.pdfOlaya, A., & Gómez, L.F. (2013). Exploring EFL Pre-service Teachers’ Experience with Cultural Content and Intercultural Communicative Competence at Three Colombian Universities. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/73466/40168-180042-1-PB.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=yPilshchikov, I. (2021). El esquema comunicativo de Roman Jakobson entre lenguas y continentes: historia cruzada del modelo teórico. Revista de estudios sociales, 77, 2-20. https://revistas.uniandes.edu.co/doi/10.7440/res77.2021.01Porto, M., Houghton, S., & Byram, M. (2017). Intercultural citizenship in the (foreign) language classroom. LANGUAGE TEACHING RESEARCH, 1-15. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318581689_Intercultural_citizenship_in_the _foreign_language_classroomPoulson, D. (1996). Group discussions. Userfit Tools, 79-89. https://rauterberg.employee.id.tue.nl/lecturenotes/UFTgroupdiscussion.pdfQuappe, S., & Cantatore, G. (2005). What is Cultural Awareness, anyway? How do I build it? InSync Training and Coaching. http://www.insynctraining.nl/artikelen/what_is_cultural_awareness.pdfRamírez, A., Colmenares-Rodríguez, S., & Castellanos, M. (2019). Development of the Intercultural Communicative Competence by Working with Literary Works. Signo y Pensamiento, 38(74). https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/files-articulos/SyP/38-74%20(2019)/86059657001/Ramírez, Edgar A (2011). La investigación cualitativa en educación. Balance y retos en el contexto colombiano Revista Interamericana de Investigación, Educación y Pedagogía, vol. 4, núm. 1, pp. 81-91 Universidad Santo Tomás.Rico, C. (2018). The Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) in the Contexts of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Signo y Pensamiento, 37(72). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.syp37-72.ccicSanchéz, A. (2013). Bilingüismo en Colombia. Economía & Región, 7(2), 65-89. https://revistas.utb.edu.co/economiayregion/article/view/52Stanley, G. (2011, July 12). How ESL and EFL classrooms differ. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://oupeltglobalblog.com/2011/07/12/how-esl-and-efl-classrooms-differ/Uddin, J. (2010). Documentary Research Method: New Dimensions. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-14. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jashim-Ahmed/publication/227441751_Docume ntary_Research_Method_New_Dimensions/links/5677ad6208aebcdda0eb20fb/Docu mentary-Research-Method-New-Dimensions.pdfUniversity at Buffalo. (n.d.). Teaching Methods - Office of Curriculum, Assessment and Teaching Transformation. University at Buffalo. https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/develop/design/teaching-methods.htmlVogt, K. (2007). Model Byram new WS 1213. Ideas for Teaching English as a Foreign Language https://teachingenglishmf.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/3/4/10340840/model_byram_new_ ws_1213.pdfThe most spoken languages worldwide 2022. (2022, August 5). Statista. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/266808/the-most-spoken-languages-worldwide/THUMBNAILApproaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf.jpgApproaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg2597http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/5/Approaching%20ICC%20in%20the%20EFL%20classroom.pdf.jpgeef04cd8fc05913045d2f3d6f391067dMD55LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53202303250098063-06 JUN 23 JULIO Y DANIELA.pdf202303250098063-06 JUN 23 JULIO Y DANIELA.pdfLICENCIA APROBADAapplication/pdf960825http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/4/202303250098063-06%20JUN%2023%20JULIO%20Y%20DANIELA.pdf3d6f518319dd55304139dab612e1d2b6MD54ORIGINALApproaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdfApproaching ICC in the EFL classroom.pdfapplication/pdf916100http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/18568/1/Approaching%20ICC%20in%20the%20EFL%20classroom.pdf1c5858ed39e14dd3cd399793257dc8a4MD5120.500.12209/18568oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/185682023-11-03 10:53:25.14Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalrepositorio@pedagogica.edu.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