The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.

The following pedagogical proposal aims to present an educational and didactic resource to a public institution belonging to the city of Bogota. In this way, this proposal seeks to suggest the promotion of new strategies and pedagogical experiences in the learning and improvement of oral proficiency...

Full description

Autores:
Sánchez Gordillo, Laura Stephanie
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UPN
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/17430
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/17430
Palabra clave:
Juegos
Hablar
Lengua extranjera
Aprendizaje cooperativo
Games
Speaking
Foreign language
Cooperative learning
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id RPEDAGO2_1ba4282ae7e2505f74ab431d15e2ff5f
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/17430
network_acronym_str RPEDAGO2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UPN
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
title The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
spellingShingle The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
Juegos
Hablar
Lengua extranjera
Aprendizaje cooperativo
Games
Speaking
Foreign language
Cooperative learning
title_short The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
title_full The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
title_fullStr The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
title_full_unstemmed The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
title_sort The Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sánchez Gordillo, Laura Stephanie
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Gómez, Francisco Antonio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Gordillo, Laura Stephanie
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Juegos
Hablar
Lengua extranjera
Aprendizaje cooperativo
topic Juegos
Hablar
Lengua extranjera
Aprendizaje cooperativo
Games
Speaking
Foreign language
Cooperative learning
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv Games
Speaking
Foreign language
Cooperative learning
description The following pedagogical proposal aims to present an educational and didactic resource to a public institution belonging to the city of Bogota. In this way, this proposal seeks to suggest the promotion of new strategies and pedagogical experiences in the learning and improvement of oral proficiency in English, for which The Dante Game is proposed as a resource. The Dante Game is presented as an opportunity to put into practice the real use of the foreign language (English) in the classroom, in which it is intended to demonstrate its advantages and effectiveness in the process of learning English in order to respond to the needs of students and Colombian education in the foreign language English.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-15T21:24:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-15T21:24:51Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/17430
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/17430
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN
repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Amaya, C. J. (2019) Building up speaking skills through a grammar of meaning and communicative games. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/10397.
Birgit, R. (2007). Language as a vehicle of knowing: the role of language and meaning in constructing knowledge. [Archive PDF]. DOI:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500126
Bygate, M. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195384253.013.0004
Byrne, D. (1984). Language learning in the classroom: Teaching oral English. Hong Kong: Longman.
Burns, Anne (1998). Teaching speaking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics.
Harmer, J. (1991). The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman. https://coljour.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/jeremy_harmer_the_practice_of_engli sh_language_teaching_4th_edition_longman_handbooks_for_language_teachers.p df
Harmer, J. (2007). How to Teach English (6th ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Longman.
Jacobs, G. (2004). Cooperative learning: theory, principles, and techniques https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254097701_COOPERATIVE_LEARNI NG_THEORY_PRINCIPLES_AND_TECHNIQUES
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. MEN (2004). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras: inglés. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles115174_archivo_pdf.pdf
Fillmore, C. J. (1979). On fluency. In C. J. Fillmore, D. Kempler, & W. S. J. Wang (Eds), Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior. New York:Academic Press. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137449405_2
Kazarian Yanna, Prida Reinaldo Maribel. (2014) Activities to motivate students' learning at the English language classes. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, 13(4), 612- 622. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729- 519X2014000400013&lng=es&tlng=es.
Molina, X. (2018). The construction of citizenship and literacies within a multiliteracies framework in eleventh grade E.F.L students at a public school in Bogotá. [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad pedagógica Nacional]. Institutional Repository at Universidad pedagogica Nacional. http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12209/10262/TO224 52.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Mora, R. A., & Lopera, M. C. (2001). Games in the classroom: More than just having fun. HOW, A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English. Volume 8. https://www.howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/220
Nuñez J, Tellez O & Monroy J. (2019) Diagnóstico del estado del bilingüismo en Bogotá.
Ratna S, Ummi K & Ari A. (2017) Using Communicative Games in Improving Students’ Speaking Skills. Volume 10. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1124241.pdf
Richard J. C & Theodore S. (2016). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (p.194) https://www.novaconcursos.com.br/blog/pdf/richards-jack-c.-&- rodgers.pdf
Rodríguez, J. (2017). Oral interaction through cooperative games. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/7780.
Sherpherd and Ainsworth. (2018). An evaluation of English language capability. https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/h203_01_english_impact_report_ colombia_aw4.pdf
Valeska, C & Villamil A. (2012). Application of games for the development of speaking skill in fourth graders from Remigio Antonio Cañarte school. http://repositorio.utp.edu.co/dspace/handle/11059/3098
Urrutia, L. & Vega, E. (2010) Encouraging Teenagers to Improve Speaking Skills through Games in a Colombian Public School. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/13831
Wong, C.H.T.; Yunus, M.M. (2021). Board Games in Improving Pupils’ Speaking Skills: A Systematic Review. (p.3, p.7) https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168
Yang Y. (2014). The development of speaking fluency: The 4/3/2 technique for the EFL learners in China. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271258299_The_development_of_speak ing_fluency_The_432_technique_for_the_EFL_learners_in_China
Zubaidi, A. (2015). Developing language games to teach speaking skill for indonesian senior high school learners https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v2i2.94
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia-2022
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Licenciatura en Español y Lenguas Extranjeras
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Humanidades
institution Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/7/the%20dante%20game%20a%20new%20way%20to%20enhance%20eleventh%20grader%e2%80%99s%20speaking%20skills.pdf.jpg
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/5/license.txt
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/6/202203250096963-04JUN22-LAURASANCHEZ.pdf
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/4/the%20dante%20game%20a%20new%20way%20to%20enhance%20eleventh%20grader%e2%80%99s%20speaking%20skills.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 55e26352180ee9b00c3995e4dd866fb4
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8
3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@pedagogica.edu.co
_version_ 1814445223911096320
spelling Pérez Gómez, Francisco AntonioSánchez Gordillo, Laura StephanieBogotá, ColombiaBogotá, Colombia-20222022-06-15T21:24:51Z2022-06-15T21:24:51Z2022http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/17430instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalreponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/The following pedagogical proposal aims to present an educational and didactic resource to a public institution belonging to the city of Bogota. In this way, this proposal seeks to suggest the promotion of new strategies and pedagogical experiences in the learning and improvement of oral proficiency in English, for which The Dante Game is proposed as a resource. The Dante Game is presented as an opportunity to put into practice the real use of the foreign language (English) in the classroom, in which it is intended to demonstrate its advantages and effectiveness in the process of learning English in order to respond to the needs of students and Colombian education in the foreign language English.Submitted by Stephanie Sánchez (lssanchezg@upn.edu.co) on 2022-06-05T03:31:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 the dante game a new way to enhace eleventh graders speaking skills.pdf: 2277550 bytes, checksum: 678a265322cfdf80b880565d44d177e7 (MD5) Licencia de uso_Stephanie Sanchez.pdf: 1610396 bytes, checksum: 4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8 (MD5)Rejected by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co), reason: Su envío ha sido rechazado, en tanto el titulo de la portada (PÁGINA 1) iicia por pedagogical proposal, lo cual no ha sido considerado como titulo, en la licencia de uso, ni en la medatada. Sugerimos suprimir ese apartado de la portada y cargar de nuevo. Adicional a ello, las palabras claves deben ser cargadas una por una con la opción añadir, no separadas por comas, y cada una iniciando con mayúscula. Por favor ajustar y enviar de nuevo. on 2022-06-06T14:07:52Z (GMT)Submitted by Stephanie Sánchez (lssanchezg@upn.edu.co) on 2022-06-06T15:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso_Stephanie Sanchez.pdf: 1610396 bytes, checksum: 4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8 (MD5) the dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf: 2278313 bytes, checksum: 3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2022-06-06T16:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso_Stephanie Sanchez.pdf: 1610396 bytes, checksum: 4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8 (MD5) the dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf: 2278313 bytes, checksum: 3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luz Aida Quijano Celeita (laquijanoc@upn.edu.co) on 2022-06-15T21:24:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso_Stephanie Sanchez.pdf: 1610396 bytes, checksum: 4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8 (MD5) the dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf: 2278313 bytes, checksum: 3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-15T21:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso_Stephanie Sanchez.pdf: 1610396 bytes, checksum: 4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8 (MD5) the dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf: 2278313 bytes, checksum: 3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022Licenciado en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasPregradoThe following pedagogical proposal aims to present an educational and didactic resource to a public institution belonging to the city of Bogota. In this way, this proposal seeks to suggest the promotion of new strategies and pedagogical experiences in the learning and improvement of oral proficiency in English, for which The Dante Game is proposed as a resource. The Dante Game is presented as an opportunity to put into practice the real use of the foreign language (English) in the classroom, in which it is intended to demonstrate its advantages and effectiveness in the process of learning English in order to respond to the needs of students and Colombian education in the foreign language English.application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciatura en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasFacultad de Humanidadeshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalJuegosHablarLengua extranjeraAprendizaje cooperativoGamesSpeakingForeign languageCooperative learningThe Dante Game : a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisAmaya, C. J. (2019) Building up speaking skills through a grammar of meaning and communicative games. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/10397.Birgit, R. (2007). Language as a vehicle of knowing: the role of language and meaning in constructing knowledge. [Archive PDF]. DOI:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500126Bygate, M. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195384253.013.0004Byrne, D. (1984). Language learning in the classroom: Teaching oral English. Hong Kong: Longman.Burns, Anne (1998). Teaching speaking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics.Harmer, J. (1991). The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman. https://coljour.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/jeremy_harmer_the_practice_of_engli sh_language_teaching_4th_edition_longman_handbooks_for_language_teachers.p dfHarmer, J. (2007). How to Teach English (6th ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Longman.Jacobs, G. (2004). Cooperative learning: theory, principles, and techniques https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254097701_COOPERATIVE_LEARNI NG_THEORY_PRINCIPLES_AND_TECHNIQUESMinisterio de Educación Nacional. MEN (2004). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras: inglés. https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1759/articles115174_archivo_pdf.pdfFillmore, C. J. (1979). On fluency. In C. J. Fillmore, D. Kempler, & W. S. J. Wang (Eds), Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior. New York:Academic Press. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137449405_2Kazarian Yanna, Prida Reinaldo Maribel. (2014) Activities to motivate students' learning at the English language classes. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, 13(4), 612- 622. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729- 519X2014000400013&lng=es&tlng=es.Molina, X. (2018). The construction of citizenship and literacies within a multiliteracies framework in eleventh grade E.F.L students at a public school in Bogotá. [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad pedagógica Nacional]. Institutional Repository at Universidad pedagogica Nacional. http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12209/10262/TO224 52.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yMora, R. A., & Lopera, M. C. (2001). Games in the classroom: More than just having fun. HOW, A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English. Volume 8. https://www.howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/220Nuñez J, Tellez O & Monroy J. (2019) Diagnóstico del estado del bilingüismo en Bogotá.Ratna S, Ummi K & Ari A. (2017) Using Communicative Games in Improving Students’ Speaking Skills. Volume 10. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1124241.pdfRichard J. C & Theodore S. (2016). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (p.194) https://www.novaconcursos.com.br/blog/pdf/richards-jack-c.-&- rodgers.pdfRodríguez, J. (2017). Oral interaction through cooperative games. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/7780.Sherpherd and Ainsworth. (2018). An evaluation of English language capability. https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/h203_01_english_impact_report_ colombia_aw4.pdfValeska, C & Villamil A. (2012). Application of games for the development of speaking skill in fourth graders from Remigio Antonio Cañarte school. http://repositorio.utp.edu.co/dspace/handle/11059/3098Urrutia, L. & Vega, E. (2010) Encouraging Teenagers to Improve Speaking Skills through Games in a Colombian Public School. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/13831Wong, C.H.T.; Yunus, M.M. (2021). Board Games in Improving Pupils’ Speaking Skills: A Systematic Review. (p.3, p.7) https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168Yang Y. (2014). The development of speaking fluency: The 4/3/2 technique for the EFL learners in China. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271258299_The_development_of_speak ing_fluency_The_432_technique_for_the_EFL_learners_in_ChinaZubaidi, A. (2015). Developing language games to teach speaking skill for indonesian senior high school learners https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v2i2.94THUMBNAILthe dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf.jpgthe dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg2061http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/7/the%20dante%20game%20a%20new%20way%20to%20enhance%20eleventh%20grader%e2%80%99s%20speaking%20skills.pdf.jpg55e26352180ee9b00c3995e4dd866fb4MD57LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/5/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD55202203250096963-04JUN22-LAURASANCHEZ.pdf202203250096963-04JUN22-LAURASANCHEZ.pdfLICENCIA APROBADAapplication/pdf1610396http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/6/202203250096963-04JUN22-LAURASANCHEZ.pdf4428056917d766d75eb6bc36ead831e8MD56ORIGINALthe dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdfthe dante game a new way to enhance eleventh grader’s speaking skills.pdfapplication/pdf2278313http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/17430/4/the%20dante%20game%20a%20new%20way%20to%20enhance%20eleventh%20grader%e2%80%99s%20speaking%20skills.pdf3e3aab556a50b03c85494a93968f1744MD5420.500.12209/17430oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/174302023-07-31 15:02:35.931Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalrepositorio@pedagogica.edu.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