Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente
Spa: En el actual documento se realizó un informe de los principales inhibidores de corrosión orgánicos formadores de película consignados en la literatura, que pueden ser aplicados a temperaturas superiores a 25. C en ductos de transporte de petróleo y gasLIBR Comenzando la temática echando un vist...
- Autores:
-
Vergara Estupiñán, Omar Camilo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Tesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/3214
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/3214
- Palabra clave:
- Inhibidores
Corrosión y anticorrosivos
Corrosión electrolítica
Acero - Corrosión
Especialización en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| title |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| spellingShingle |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente Inhibidores Corrosión y anticorrosivos Corrosión electrolítica Acero - Corrosión Especialización en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| title_short |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| title_full |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| title_fullStr |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| title_sort |
Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Vergara Estupiñán, Omar Camilo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Vergara Estupiñán, Omar Camilo |
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Inhibidores |
| topic |
Inhibidores Corrosión y anticorrosivos Corrosión electrolítica Acero - Corrosión Especialización en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Corrosión y anticorrosivos Corrosión electrolítica Acero - Corrosión Especialización en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| description |
Spa: En el actual documento se realizó un informe de los principales inhibidores de corrosión orgánicos formadores de película consignados en la literatura, que pueden ser aplicados a temperaturas superiores a 25. C en ductos de transporte de petróleo y gasLIBR Comenzando la temática echando un vistazo a la teoría necesaria para entender los procesos de corrosión, estudiando el principio termodinámico, electroquímico y familiarizándonos con conceptos como potencial electrodo estándar, ecuación de Nernst, potencial de corrosión, entre otrosLIBR Clasificando los tipos de corrosión según la NACE y estableciendo los factores que influyen en la corrosión interna tales como temperatura, pH, tipo de flujo, concentración de cloruros, partículas erosivas, contenidos de CO2 y H2S, entre otrosLIBR Mencionando los mecanismos de control de la corrosión interna tales como control del pH, aplicación de biocidas, secado y aplicación de inhibidores orgánicos formadores de capaLIBR La recopilación de la información se realizó haciendo uso de las bases de datos de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; desenvolviendo la investigación en una matriz de marco lógico para facilitar la conceptualización, diseño y ejecución de proyectoLIBR Los resultados obtenidos de la búsqueda bibliográfica determinaron que la dietilentriamina imidazolina (TOFA/DETA imidazolina) y el compuesto de amonio bis-cuaternario disimétrico a base de imidazolina y tiourea son los compuestos que presentaron mayor eficiencia de corrosión, n= 90% y 93% respectivamente, a temperaturas de 70°C y 80°C en condiciones experimentales específicas, haciéndolos prometedores candidatos para ser aplicados en ductos de petróleo y gas. |
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Vergara Estupiñán O. C. (2018). Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente. (Monografía de especialización). Universidad Pedagógica y ecnológica de Colombia, Bogotá. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/3214 |
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Vergara Estupiñán O. C. (2018). Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente. (Monografía de especialización). Universidad Pedagógica y ecnológica de Colombia, Bogotá. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/3214 |
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PAPAVINASAM, Sankara. Corrosion control in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier, 2013. FANUN, Monzer (ed.). The role of colloidal systems in environmental protection. Elsevier, 2014. ROBERGE, Pierre R. Handbook of corrosion engineering. McGraw-Hill,, 2000. ROBERGE, Pierre R. Corrosion engineering. New York, NY, USA:: McGraw-Hill, 2008. MAKHLOUF, Abdel Salam Hamdy; HERRERA, V.; MUÑOZ, E. Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis. 2018. CASTELLAN, Gilbert W. Fisicoquímica. Pearson Educación, 1987. SKOOG, Douglas A.; WEST, Donald M.; HOLLER, F. James. Fundamentos de química analítica. Reverté, 1997 MINGUILLÓN, Jesús, et al. Módulos plat-eeg para medidas laplacianas con electrodo seco. En 8º Simposio CEA de Bioingeniería. 2016. REINMUTH, William H. Nernst-controlled currents in hanging-drop polarography. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1957, vol. 79, no 24, p. 6358-6360. WALCZAK, Mary M., et al. ph dependent redox couple: An illustration of the nernst equation. Journal of chemical education, 1997, vol. 74, no 10, p. 1195. AOKI, Koichi. Nernst equation complicated by electric random percolation at conducting polymer-coated electrodes. Journal of electroanalytical chemistry and interfacial electrochemistry, 1991, vol. 310, no 1-2, p. 1-12. FERNÁNDEZ, Jose A. Gonzalez. Teoría y práctica de la lucha contra la corrosión. Editorial CSIC-CSIC Press, 1984. DE LEÓN HIJES, Félix Cesáreo Gómez; LORENTE, Diego J. Alcaraz. Manual básico de corrosión para ingenieros. Editum, 2004. ALTER, Lluis Bilurbina; MESTRES, Francisco Liesa. Corrosión y protección. Univ. Politèc. de Catalunya, 2004. PLETCHER, Derek; WALSH, Frank C. Industrial electrochemistry. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. MORRISON, Stanley Roy. Electrochemistry at semiconductor and oxidized metal electrodes. 1980 BRUCE, Peter G. (ed.). Solid state electrochemistry. Cambridge university press, 1997. MORENO, Iveth, et al. La nariz electrónica: Estado del arte. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI, 2009, vol. 6, no 3, p. 76-91. GUSTAVSSON, B., et al. Rise and fall of electron temperatures: Ohmic heating of ionospheric electrons from underdense HF radio wave pumping. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2010, vol. 115, no A12. NEWMAN, R. C., et al. Alloy corrosion. Mrs Bulletin, 1999, vol. 24, no 7, p. 24-28. API, R. P. 571-Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry. April 2011, 2011. HAQUE, M. Merajul, et al. Corrosion comparison of galvanized steel and aluminum in aqueous environments. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2014, vol. 9, p. 1758. CHEN, Jian-Feng; BOGAERTS, W. F. Electrochemical emission spectroscopy for monitoring uniform and localized corrosion. Corrosion, 1996, vol. 52, no 10, p. 753-759. KOLOTYRKIN, Ja M. Pitting corrosion of metals. Corrosion, 1963, vol. 19, no 8, p. 261t268t. KOLOTYRKIN, Ja M. Pitting corrosion of metals. Corrosion, 1963, vol. 19, no 8, p. 261t268t. SHIBATA, Toshio; TAKEYAMA, T. Stochastic theory of pitting corrosion. Corrosion, 1977, vol. 33, no 7, p. 243-251. SEDRIKS, A. John. Corrosion of stainless steel, 2. 1996. MANSFELD, Florian. Area relationships in galvanic corrosion. Corrosion, 1971, vol. 27, no 10, p. 436-442 GALVELE, J. R.; DE DE MICHELI, S. M. Mechanism of intergranular corrosion of Al-Cu alloys. Corrosion Science, 1970, vol. 10, no 11, p. 795-807. NEWMAN, R. C., et al. Alloy corrosion. Mrs Bulletin, 1999, vol. 24, no 7, p. 24-28. ORIANI, R. A.; JOSEPHIC, P. H. Equilibrium aspects of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels. Acta metallurgica, 1974, vol. 22, no 9, p. 1065-1074. PARK, Gyu Tae, et al. Effect of microstructure on the hydrogen trapping efficiency and hydrogen induced cracking of linepipe steel. Corrosion science, 2008, vol. 50, no 7, p. 18651871. SAMIMI, Amir. Studying Corrosion Electrochemical Mechanism in Tube Line and Gas Wells. International Journal of science and investigations, France, 2012. LEVY, Alan V. Solid particle erosion and erosion-corrosion of materials. Asm International, 1995. ALTER, Lluis Bilurbina; MESTRES, Francisco Liesa. Corrosión y protección. Univ. Politèc. de Catalunya, 2004. GILBERT, Jeremy L.; JACOBS, Joshua J. The mechanical and electrochemical processes associated with taper fretting crevice corrosion: a review. En Modularity of orthopedic implants. ASTM International, 1997. ARNHOLT, Christina M., et al. Mechanically assisted taper corrosion in modular TKA. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2014, vol. 29, no 9, p. 205-208. [ WAS, G. S., et al. Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in supercritical water. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2007, vol. 371, no 1-3, p. 176-201. SPEIDEL, Markus O. Stress corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1975, vol. 6, no 4, p. 631. ROKHLIN, S. I., et al. Effect of pitting corrosion on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1999, vol. 62, no 4-5, p. 425-444. BOCK, E. M.; WHITLEY, J. H. Fretting corrosion in electric contacts. Electric Contacts1974, 1974, vol. 128. M. Askari, M. Aliofkhazraei∗, S. Ghaffari, A. Hajizadeh. Film former corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas pipelines - A technical review. En: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 58 (2018) 92–114 Balostro, A.R.V., Gabetta, G. Comparison of models for CO2 corrosion prediction and their application to field cases. En: Metallurgia Italiana. 2012. 104, 37–43. Nešić, S., Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines - a review. En: Corrosion Sci. 49, 2007. 4308–4338. Papavinasam, S,. The Main Environmental Factors Influencing Corrosion. En: Corrosion Control in the Oil and Gas Industry. Elsevier Science. 2013. 179-247. Nyborg, R. Overview of CO2 Corrosion Models for Wells and Pipelines. En: NACE International. 2002 [ Schmitt, G. Fundamental aspects of CO2 metal loss corrosion. Part II: influence of different parameters on CO2 corrosion mechanism. En: NACE – International Corrosion Conference Series. 2015 De Waard, C., Lotz, U., Milliams, D.E. Predictive model for CO2 corrosion engineering. En: Wet natural gas pipelines. Corrosion. 1991. 47, 976–985. Kermani, L.M.S.M.B. CO2 Corrosion Control in Oil and Gas Production-design Considerations. En: Institute of Materials, London, UK. 1997 BRUNNER, E., et al. Sulfur solubility in sour gas. EN: Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1988, vol. 40, no 12, p. 1,587-1,592. KVAREKVAL, Jon, et al. Corrosion Mitigation with pH Stabilization in Slightly Sour Gas/Condensate Pipelines. En CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. YU, Tingting, et al. A mechanistic model for gas/liquid flow in upward vertical annuli. EN: SPE Production & Operations, 2010, vol. 25, no 03, p. 285-295. KEE, Kok Eng, et al. Flow patterns and water wetting in gas-oil-water three-phase flow–A flow loop study. En: NACE International Corrosion Conference & Expo 2015. 2015. SUN, Jyi-Yu, et al. Slug flow characteristics and their effect on corrosion rates in horizontal oil and gas pipelines. En: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. SRINIVASAN, Sridhar, et al. Simulación experimental de sistemas multifase CO2 / H2S.EN: la corrosión 99. NACE Internacional, 1999. [ SMOLARKIEWICZ, Piotr K.; ROTUNNO, Richard. Low Froude number flow past threedimensional obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically generated lee vortices. EN: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1989, vol. 46, no 8, p. 1154-1164. CAI, Jiyong, et al. Experimental study of water wetting in oil–water two phase flow— Horizontal flow of model oil. EN: Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, vol. 73, p. 334-344. TIRATSOO, J. N. H. (ed.). Pipeline Pigging and Inspection Technology. ButterworthHeinemann, 1999. YU, Jianxing, et al. Corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel: Comparison of wet–Dry cycle and full immersion. Corrosion Science, 2018, vol. 133, p. 276-287. XU, Jin, et al. Effects of D-Phenylalanine as a biocide enhancer of THPS against the microbiologically influenced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019, vol. 35, no 1, p. 109-117. KERMANI, Bijan. Recommended Practice for Corrosion Management of Pipelines in Oil & Gas Production and Transportation. CRC Press, 2017. RIPPON, Ian, et al. Corrosion Management for an Offshore Sour Gas Pipeline System. En CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005 DUGSTAD, Arne, et al. pH-stabilisation, a reliable method for corrosion control of wet gas pipelines. En SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Corrosion. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. HALVORSEN, Anne Marie K., et al. pH stabilization for internal corrosion protection of pipeline carrying wet gas with CO2 and acetic acid. En CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. ZHENG, Liangfu, et al. Corrosion mitigation via a pH stabilization method in monoethanolamine-based solutions for post-combustion CO2 capture. Corrosion Science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 281-292. PALMER, James Wilton; HEDGES, W.; DAWSON, John Lionel (ed.). A Working Party Report on the Use of Corrosion Inhibitors in Oil and Gas Production. Routledge, 2004. DAS, Jyoitsh Kumar; PRADHAN, Bulu. Effect of cation type of chloride salts on corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete powder electrolyte solution in the presence of corrosion inhibitors. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, vol. 208, p. 175-191. MCLAURY, Brenton S.; SHIRAZI, Siamack A. An alternate method to API RP 14E for predicting solids erosion in multiphase flow. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2000, vol. 122, no 3, p. 115-122. SCHMITT, Guenter, et al. Modeling the Drag Reducing Effect of CO2 Corrosion Inhibitors. En CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. NAKAJIMA, Motoki; NOZAWA, Takashi; TANIGAWA, Hiroyasu. Effect of hydrogen on corrosion properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel, F82H. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2019. MR0175, NACE Standard, et al. Sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield equipment. Houston, TX: NACE International, 2002. ACHOUR, Mohsen, et al. Corrosion Control by Inhibition Part I: Corrosion Control by Film Forming Inhibitors. En CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. Jenkins, A., 2011. In: Performance of High-temperature, Biodegradable Corrosion Inhibitors. NACE International. BONIS, Michel R., et al. An inhibition policy based on laboratory and field experience. En CORROSION 98. NACE International, 1998. CHEN, Y.; JEPSON, W. P. EIS measurement for corrosion monitoring under multiphase flow conditions. Electrochimica Acta, 1999, vol. 44, no 24, p. 4453-4464. Tajallipour, N., Zhu, Z., Teevens, P.J., 2011. The Effect of Slug Liquid Front on Inhibitor Effectiveness in Petroleum Pipelines. NACE International. SASTRI, Vedula S. Green corrosion inhibitors: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. BAJPAI, Divya; TYAGI, V. K. Fatty imidazolines: chemistry, synthesis, properties and their industrial applications. Journal of oleo science, 2006, vol. 55, no 7, p. 319-329. NETO, Alcides de Oliveira Wanderley, et al. Preparation and application of selfassembled systems containing dodecylammonium bromide and chloride as corrosion inhibitors of carbon-steel. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2012, vol. 398, p. 76-83. SCHREIBER, Frank. Structure and growth of self-assembling monolayers. Progress in surface science, 2000, vol. 65, no 5-8, p. 151-257. JEVREMOVIĆ, Ivana, et al. Inhibition properties of self-assembled corrosion inhibitor talloil diethylenetriamine imidazoline for mild steel corrosion in chloride solution saturated with carbon dioxide. Corrosion Science, 2013, vol. 77, p. 265-272. GHUMARE, Anant K.; PAWAR, Balu V.; BHAGWAT, Sunil S. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel amido‐amine‐based cationic gemini surfactants. Journal of surfactants and detergents, 2013, vol. 16, no 1, p. 85-93. CHOI, Hana; KIM, Kyoo Young; PARK, Jong Myung. Encapsulation of aliphatic amines into nanoparticles for self-healing corrosion protection of steel sheets. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2013, vol. 76, no 10, p. 1316-1324. DAVIOT, Jerome; REID, Christopher; HOLMES, Douglas. Aqueous phosphoric acid compositions for cleaning semiconductor devices. U.S. Patent No 7,235,188, 26 Jun. 2007. GAO, Minlan, et al. Effect of the alkyl chain of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants on corrosion inhibition in hydrochloric acid solution. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2019. SASTRI, Vedula S. Corrosion inhibitors: principles and applications. 1998. JEVREMOVIĆ, Ivana, et al. A novel method to mitigate the top-of-the-line corrosion in wet gas pipelines by corrosion inhibitor within a foam matrix. Corrosion, 2012, vol. 69, no 2, p. 186-192. |
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Vergara Estupiñán, Omar Camilo2021-02-25T03:04:08Z2021-02-25T03:04:08Z2018Vergara Estupiñán O. C. (2018). Inhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambiente. (Monografía de especialización). Universidad Pedagógica y ecnológica de Colombia, Bogotá. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/3214http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/3214Spa: En el actual documento se realizó un informe de los principales inhibidores de corrosión orgánicos formadores de película consignados en la literatura, que pueden ser aplicados a temperaturas superiores a 25. C en ductos de transporte de petróleo y gasLIBR Comenzando la temática echando un vistazo a la teoría necesaria para entender los procesos de corrosión, estudiando el principio termodinámico, electroquímico y familiarizándonos con conceptos como potencial electrodo estándar, ecuación de Nernst, potencial de corrosión, entre otrosLIBR Clasificando los tipos de corrosión según la NACE y estableciendo los factores que influyen en la corrosión interna tales como temperatura, pH, tipo de flujo, concentración de cloruros, partículas erosivas, contenidos de CO2 y H2S, entre otrosLIBR Mencionando los mecanismos de control de la corrosión interna tales como control del pH, aplicación de biocidas, secado y aplicación de inhibidores orgánicos formadores de capaLIBR La recopilación de la información se realizó haciendo uso de las bases de datos de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; desenvolviendo la investigación en una matriz de marco lógico para facilitar la conceptualización, diseño y ejecución de proyectoLIBR Los resultados obtenidos de la búsqueda bibliográfica determinaron que la dietilentriamina imidazolina (TOFA/DETA imidazolina) y el compuesto de amonio bis-cuaternario disimétrico a base de imidazolina y tiourea son los compuestos que presentaron mayor eficiencia de corrosión, n= 90% y 93% respectivamente, a temperaturas de 70°C y 80°C en condiciones experimentales específicas, haciéndolos prometedores candidatos para ser aplicados en ductos de petróleo y gas.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 82-89.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión1 recurso en línea (89 páginas) : Ilustraciones, figuras, tablas.application/pdfspaUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaFacultad IngenieríaBogotáEspecialización en Gestión de Integridad y CorrosiónCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2InhibidoresCorrosión y anticorrosivosCorrosión electrolíticaAcero - CorrosiónEspecialización en Gestión de Integridad y Corrosión - Tesis y disertaciones académicasInhibidores de corrosión eficientes a temperaturas por encima de la ambienteTrabajo de grado - Especializaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ecinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PAPAVINASAM, Sankara. 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A novel method to mitigate the top-of-the-line corrosion in wet gas pipelines by corrosion inhibitor within a foam matrix. 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