Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión
1 recurso en línea (páginas 244-253).
- Autores:
-
Reyes M., Giovanni
Carmona Gutierrez, Sandra Lorena
Fernández, María Elena
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2875
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2875
- Palabra clave:
- Plantaciones forestales
Genética forestal
Acacia: mangium Willd
Recuperación de suelos
Agrosavia
Especies forestales de usos múltiples
Filodios
Adaptabilidad a estrés hídrico
Forestaciones en Colombia
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Physiological and exploitation aspects of Acacia mangium Willd. A review |
| title |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| spellingShingle |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión Plantaciones forestales Genética forestal Acacia: mangium Willd Recuperación de suelos Agrosavia Especies forestales de usos múltiples Filodios Adaptabilidad a estrés hídrico Forestaciones en Colombia |
| title_short |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| title_full |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| title_fullStr |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| title_sort |
Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Reyes M., Giovanni Carmona Gutierrez, Sandra Lorena Fernández, María Elena |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Reyes M., Giovanni Carmona Gutierrez, Sandra Lorena Fernández, María Elena |
| dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Plantaciones forestales |
| topic |
Plantaciones forestales Genética forestal Acacia: mangium Willd Recuperación de suelos Agrosavia Especies forestales de usos múltiples Filodios Adaptabilidad a estrés hídrico Forestaciones en Colombia |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Genética forestal Acacia: mangium Willd Recuperación de suelos |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Especies forestales de usos múltiples Filodios Adaptabilidad a estrés hídrico Forestaciones en Colombia |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 244-253). |
| publishDate |
2018 |
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2018-05-02 |
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2019-10-07T20:08:50Z |
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2019-10-07T20:08:50Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Reyes M., G., Carmona Gutierrez, S. L. & Fernández, M. E. (2018). Aspectos fisiológico y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 244-253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7340. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2875 |
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2422-3719 |
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10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7340 |
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Reyes M., G., Carmona Gutierrez, S. L. & Fernández, M. E. (2018). Aspectos fisiológico y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 244-253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7340. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2875 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7340 |
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Arisman, H. 2002. Sustainable acacia plantations: a case of short-rotation plantation at PT Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatra, Indonesia. pp. 9-13. En: Rimbawanto, A. y M. Susanto M. (eds.). Advances in genetic improvement of tropical tree species. Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Research and Development Agency; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Atipanumpai, L. 1989. Acacia mangium: studies on the genetic variation in ecological and physiological characteristics of a fastgrowing plantation tree species. Acta For. Fenn. 206, 1-92. Doi: 10.14214/aff.7653 Awang, K. y D. Taylor. 1993. Acacia mangium: growing and utilization. MPTS monograph series No. 3 (No. PB-95-160032/XAB). Winrock International Inst. for Agricultural Development, Arlington, VA. Blázquez, M.A. 2000. Flower development pathways. J. Cell Sci. 113(20), 3547-3548. Cienciala, E., J. Kučera y A. Malmer. 2000. Tree sap flow and stand transpiration of two Acacia mangium plantations in Sabah, Borneo. J. Hydrol. 236(1), 109-120. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00291-2 Coen, E.S. y E.M. Meyerowitz. 1991. The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature 353, 31-37. Doi: 10.1038/353031a0 Combalicer, M.S., D.K. Lee, S. Woo, Y.J.O Hyun, Y.D. Park, Y.K. Lee y E.L. Tolentino. 2012. Physiological characteristics of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Acacia mangium Willd. and Pterocarpus indicus Willd. in the La Mesa Watershed and Mt. Makiling, Philippines. J. Environ. Sci. Manage. Spec Issue, 1, 14-28. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica). 2013. Ficha técnica. Acacia mangium. En: http//www.corpoica.org.co/NetCorpoicaMVC/ STDF/Content/fichas/pdf/Ficha_2; consultado: mayo de 2017. Corporación Nacional de Investigación y Fomento Forestal (CONIF). 2016. Sector forestal en Colombia. En: http://www.conif.org.co/; consultado: junio de 2017. Doran, J.W. y M. Safley. 1997. Defining and assessing soil health and sustainable productivity. pp. 1-28. En: Pankhurst, C., B.M. Doube y V.V.S.R. Gupta (eds.). Biological indicators of soil health. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Eamus, D. y S. Cole. 1997. Diurnal and seasonal comparisons of assimilation, phyllode conductance and water potential of three Acacia and one Eucalyptus species in the wet–dry tropics of Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 45(2), 275-290. Doi: 10.1071/BT96020 Eldoma, A. y K. Awang. 1999. Site adaptability of Acacia mangium, Acacia auliculiformis, Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia aulacocarpa. APAFRI Publication Series No. 3. Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Escobar, O. y J. Rodríguez. 1995. Las maderas en Colombia. Ministerio de Educación; Regional Antioquia-Chocó, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA), Medellín, Colombia Eyles, A., P. Drake, L. Quang, T. Bon, P.V. Mendham, D. White, y C. Beadle. 2015. Ecophysiology of Acacia species in wet–dry tropical plantations. Southern Forests: J. Forest Sci. 77(4), pp 1-10. Doi: 10.2989/20702620.2015.1063030 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1987. A guide for seed handling with special reference to the tropics. FAO Forestry Paper 20/2. Roma. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2006. Fornara, F. 2014. Advances in botanical research: the molecular genetics of floral transition and flower development. Academic Press, Oxford, UK. Geiger, D.R. y J.C. Servaites. 1991. Carbon allocation and response to stress. pp. 103-125. En: Winner, W.E., J. Roy y E.J., Pell (eds.). Response of plants to multiple stresses. Academic Press, Londres, UK. Gyenge, J., M. Fernández y T.M. Schlichter. 2009. Effect of pruning on branch production and water relations in widely spaced ponderosa pines. Agrofor. Syst. 77, 223- 235. Doi: 10.1007/s10457-008-9183-9 Harwood, C.E. y E.R. Williams. 1992. A review of provenance variation in growth of Acacia mangium. En: Carron, L.T. y K.M. Aken (eds.). 1992. Breeding Technologies for Tropical Acacias. Proceedings of a workshop held in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. 1-4 July 1991. ACIAR Proceedings No. 37. Hegde, M., K. Palanisamy y J.S. Yi. 2013. Acacia mangium Willd. A fast growing tree for tropical plantation. J. Forest Environ. Sci. 29(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.7747/ JFS.2013.29.1.1 Hu, W., Y.X. Wang, C. Bowers y H. Ma. 2003. Isolation, sequence analysis, and expression of florally expressed cDNAs in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 53, 545-563. Doi: 10.1023/B:PLAN.0000019063.18097.62 Krisnawati, H., M. Kallio y M. Kanninen. 2011. Acacia mangium Wild. ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Leroy, C., M. Guéeroult, N.S.M. Wahyuni, J.N. Escoute, R.G.J. Cereghino, S. Sabatier y D. Auclair. 2009. Morphogenetic trends in the morphological, optical and biochemical features of phyllodes in Acacia mangium Willd. (Mimosaceae). Trees 23, 37-49. Doi: 10.1007/ s00468-008-0252-5 Liu, X., P. Zhao, X. Rao, L. Ma, X. Cai y X. Zeng. 2008. Response of canopy stomatal conductance of Acacia mangium forest to environmental driving factors. Front. For. China 3(1), 64-71. Doi: 10.1007/ s11461-008-0001-3 Maheshwar, H., K. Palanisam y S. Jae. 2013. Acacia mangium Willd. - A fast growing tree for tropical plantation. J. For. Sci. 29(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.7747/JFS.2013.29.1.1 Marena. 2002. Guía de especies forestales de Nicaragua. En: http://es.scribd.com/doc/60969339/Guia-de-Especies- Forestales; consultado: mayo de 2017. Maslin, B.R. y M.W. McDonald. 1996. A key to useful Australian acacias for the seasonally dry tropics. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. Matsoukas, I.G. 2014. Interplay between sugar and hormone signaling pathways modulate floral signal transduction. Front. Genet. 5, 1-12. Doi: 10.3389/ fgene.2014.00218 Meier, A., M. Saunders y C. Michler. 2012. Epicormic buds in trees: a review of bud establishment, development and dormancy release. Tree Physiol. 32, 565-584. Doi: 10.1093/treephys/tps040 Mercado Jr., A., M. Van Noordwijk, T. Hilder y G. Cadisch. 2008. Acacia mangium as an intercrop in mixed tree-based contour hedgerow systems on sloping acid upland soils. Aust. J. Bot. 40, 37-48. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. 2015. Colombia tiene un potencial forestal de 24 millones de hectáreas para explotación comercial. En: https://www. minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/Colombia-tiene- un-potencial-forestal.aspx; consultado: mayo de 2017. National Research Council. 1983. Mangium and other fastgrowing Acacias for the humid tropics. National Academic Press, Washington D.C., USA. Otsamo, A., G. Ådjers, T.S. Hadi, J. Kuusipalo, K. Tuomela y R. Vuokko. 1995. Effect of site preparation and initial fertilization on the establishment and growth of four plantation tree species used in reforestation of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Dominated grasslands. For. Ecol. Manage.73, 271-277. Doi: 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03483-D Paudyal, B.K. 1995. Nutritional aspects of Acacia mangium Willd. plantation in peninsular Malaysia. Tesis de doctorado. University of Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Pinkard, E.A. 2003. Physiological and growth responses related to patterns and severity of green pruning in young Eucalyptus globulus. For. Ecol. Manage. 182, 231- 245. Doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00046-X Pinso, C. y R. Nasi. 1991. The potential use of Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis hybrid in Sabah. En: Carron, L.T. y K.M. Aken (ed.). Breeding technologies for tropical acacias. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Tawau. ACIAR Proceedings No. 37. 1-4 July 1991 Sabah, Malaysia. Ramírez, A. 2009. Manejo de viveros forestales. En: Patología Forestal. Memorias Curso de Extensión, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. Rodríguez-Petit, A., T. Clavero y T. Razz. 1997. Características de crecimiento de Acacia mangium Willd. en condiciones de bosque seco tropical. Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. 5(Supl. 1), 60-62. Sedgley, M., J.R.M. Harbard, M. Smith, R. Wickneswari y A.R. Griffin. 1992a. Reproductive-biology and interspecific hybridization of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Aust. J. Bot. 40(1), 37-48. Doi: 10.1071/ BT9920037 Sedgley, M., C.Y. Wong-Newman, J.V. Harbard, K.G.R.M. Smith, A. Koh y B. Tajuddin. 1992b. Phenology of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis in Australia and Malaysia. pp. 36-44. En: Carron, L.T. y K.M. Aken (eds.). Breeding technologies for tropical acacias. ACIAR Proceedings No. 37. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. Simpson, J.A. 1992. An assessment of the soilsand nutrient status of trial plantations in the Indonesia. Enso Forest Development, Helsinki, Finlandia. Srivastava, P.B.L. 1993. Silvicultural practices. pp. 113-148. En: Awang, K. y D. Taylor (eds.). Acacia mangium: growing and utilization. Winrock International and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Tailandia Starr, F., K. Starr y L. Loope. 2003. Acacia mangium. Mangium wattle. United States Geological Survey. Biological Resources Division. Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai’i. Torres, D.A. y J. del Valle. 2007. Growth and yield modelling of Acacia mangium in Colombia. New For. 34, 293-305. Doi: 10.1007/s11056-007-9056-5 Tsukamoto, J. y J. Sabang. 2005. Soil macro-fauna in an Acacia mangium plantation in comparison to that in a primary mixed dipterocarp forest in the lowlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Pedobiol. 49, 69-80. Doi: 10.1016/j. pedobi.2004.08.007 Turnbull, J.W. 1986. Australian acacias in developing countries. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Forestry Training Centre, Gympie, Queensland, Australia, 4-7 August 1986. ACIAR Proceedings No. 16. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. Turnbull, J.W. y K. Pinyopusarerk. 1998. Recent developments in acacia planting. Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Hanoi, Vietnam. 27-30 October 1997. ACIAR. Proceedings No. 82. Unidad de Planeación Rural Agropecuaria (UPRA). 2015. Zonificación para plantaciones forestales con fines comerciales: Colombia. Memoria Técnica. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá, Colombia. University of Guyana. 2013. Post plantation management of Acacia on mined out sites at Mahdia. Research report compendium. Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Project Team, Guyana. Wang, X., X. Cao e Y. Hong. 2005. Isolation and characterization of flower-specific transcripts in Acacia mangium. Tree Physiol. 25, 167-178. Doi: 10.1093/ treephys/25.2.167 Weinland, G. y A.Y. Zuhaidi. 1991. Managementof Acacia mangium stands: tending issues. pp. 40-52. En: Appanah, S., F.S.P. Ng y R. Ismail (eds.). Malaysian forestry and forest products research proceedings. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Xie, D. e Y. Hong. 2002. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Acacia mangium. Plant Cell Rep. 20(10), 917-922. Doi: 10.1007/s00299-001-0397-9 Xie, S. y X. Lou. 2003. Effect of leaf position and age on anatomical structure, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration of Asian pear. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 44, 297-303. Xu, WT., P. Zhao, Q. Wang, X.Q. Rao, X.A. Cai y X.P. Zeng. 2007. Calculation and modeling of the canopy stomatal conductance of Acacia mangium from sapflow data. Acta Ecol. Sinica 27, 4122-4131. Yang, L., N. Liu, H. Ren. y J. Wang. 2009. Facilitation by two exotic Acacia: Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium as nurse plants in South China. For. Ecol. Manage. 257(8), 1786-1793. Doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.033 Yates, D.J. 1992. Short-term changes in spectral properties of phyllodes of brigalow (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex Benth.) in response to wetting. Aust. J. Bot. 40, 27- 35. Doi: 10.1071/BT9920027 Yu, H. y J.T. Li. 2007. Physiological comparisons of true leaves and phyllodes in Acacia mangium seedlings. Photosynthetica 45(2), 312-316. Doi: 10.1007/ s11099-007-0053-x Yu, H. y B.L. Ong. 2000. Photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes of phyllodes of Acacia mangium. Plant Sci. 159, 107-115. Doi: 10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00336-8 Zakaria, I. 1993. Reproductive biology. pp. 21-34. In: Acacia mangium – Growing and utilization. MPTS Monograph Series No. 3. Winrock International and FAO, Bangkok, Tailandia. Zakaria, I. y A. Kamis. 1991. Comparison of floral morphology, flower production and pollen yield of Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis. pp. 26-29. En: Turnbull, J.W. (ed.). Advances in tropical acacia research. Proceedings of an International Workshop. 11-15 February, 1991. ACIAR Proceedings No. 3. Bangkok, Tailandia. Zhao, P., X. Rao, L. Ma, X. Cai y X. Zeng. 2006. Sap flow scaled stand transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance in an Acacia mangium forest. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 30, 655-665. Doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0086 Zhao, P., G. Sun, G. Ni. y X. Zeng. 2013. Seasonal differences in the leaf hydraulic conductance of mature Acacia mangium in response to its leaf water use and photosynthesis. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 24(1), 49-56. |
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Reyes M., GiovanniCarmona Gutierrez, Sandra LorenaFernández, María Elena2019-10-07T20:08:50Z2019-10-07T20:08:50Z2018-05-02Reyes M., G., Carmona Gutierrez, S. L. & Fernández, M. E. (2018). Aspectos fisiológico y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisión. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 244-253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7340. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/28752422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/287510.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.73401 recurso en línea (páginas 244-253).Acacia mangium is a fast-growing legume species native to Australia and Central Asia, whose use has spread throughout the world because of its short rotation cycle, morphology, wood workability and high adaptability to different climatic and soil conditions. Additionally, it has a potential for use in crop by-products, as well as for recovery of degraded soils. From the morpho-physiological point of view, one important feature is the presence of phyllodes, widened petioles formed after four weeks of age, when the true leaves are lost, which perform photosynthetic activity and confer plant tolerance to dry environments for prolonged periods of time. The symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi facilitates nutrient uptake in low-fertility soils. Acacia mangium flowering is induced by genes that may be related to temperature, photoperiod and signaling activation by sucrose, but can occur at any time of year. Flowering peaks are recorded according to the species location. Although this species has been cultivated in Colombia for many years, many aspects of its response to different cultivation conditions and the quality of introduced genetic materials are still unknown.Acacia mangium es una especie leguminosa de rápido crecimiento originaria de Australia y Asia central, cuyo uso se ha expandido por el resto del mundo debido a su ciclo corto, morfología, trabajabilidad de la madera y por su capacidad de adaptación a diferentes condiciones climáticas y edáficas. Adicionalmente, tiene potencial para el aprovechamiento de los subproductos (raleo, residuos de aserrín y lodos de papel) del cultivo y como recuperador de suelos degradados. Desde el punto de vista morfofisiológico, una característica destacada es la presencia de filodios, pecíolos ensanchados que se forman después de cuatro semanas de edad, cuando pierden las hojas verdaderas, y que realizan la actividad fotosintética que le confiere tolerancia a la planta en ambientes secos por tiempo prolongado. La asociación simbiótica con bacterias nitrificantes y hongos micorrícicos, facilita la toma de nutrientes en suelos de baja fertilidad. La floración de A. mangium se induce por genes que pueden estar relacionados con la temperatura, el fotoperíodo y la activación de señales por parte de la sacarosa y puede ocurrir en cualquier época del año, pero según su ubicación geográfica se presentan picos marcados en determinados periodos. A pesar de que en Colombia la especie ha sido cultivada desde años atrás, muchos aspectos relacionados con la respuesta de la especie a las condiciones de las regiones de cultivo, así como la calidad de los materiales genéticos introducidos, se encuentran aún sin precisar.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 251-253application/pdfspaUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7340/pdfPlantaciones forestalesGenética forestalAcacia: mangium WilldRecuperación de suelosAgrosaviaEspecies forestales de usos múltiplesFilodiosAdaptabilidad a estrés hídricoForestaciones en ColombiaAspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de Acacia mangium Willd. Una revisiónPhysiological and exploitation aspects of Acacia mangium Willd. A reviewArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Arisman, H. 2002. Sustainable acacia plantations: a case of short-rotation plantation at PT Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatra, Indonesia. pp. 9-13. En: Rimbawanto, A. y M. Susanto M. (eds.). Advances in genetic improvement of tropical tree species. Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Research and Development Agency; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Atipanumpai, L. 1989. Acacia mangium: studies on the genetic variation in ecological and physiological characteristics of a fastgrowing plantation tree species. Acta For. Fenn. 206, 1-92. Doi: 10.14214/aff.7653Awang, K. y D. Taylor. 1993. Acacia mangium: growing and utilization. MPTS monograph series No. 3 (No. PB-95-160032/XAB). Winrock International Inst. for Agricultural Development, Arlington, VA.Blázquez, M.A. 2000. Flower development pathways. J. Cell Sci. 113(20), 3547-3548.Cienciala, E., J. Kučera y A. Malmer. 2000. Tree sap flow and stand transpiration of two Acacia mangium plantations in Sabah, Borneo. J. Hydrol. 236(1), 109-120. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00291-2Coen, E.S. y E.M. Meyerowitz. 1991. The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature 353, 31-37. Doi: 10.1038/353031a0Combalicer, M.S., D.K. Lee, S. Woo, Y.J.O Hyun, Y.D. Park, Y.K. Lee y E.L. Tolentino. 2012. Physiological characteristics of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Acacia mangium Willd. and Pterocarpus indicus Willd. in the La Mesa Watershed and Mt. Makiling, Philippines. J. Environ. Sci. Manage. Spec Issue, 1, 14-28.Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica). 2013. 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Acacia mangium Wild. ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Leroy, C., M. Guéeroult, N.S.M. Wahyuni, J.N. Escoute, R.G.J. Cereghino, S. Sabatier y D. Auclair. 2009. Morphogenetic trends in the morphological, optical and biochemical features of phyllodes in Acacia mangium Willd. (Mimosaceae). Trees 23, 37-49. Doi: 10.1007/ s00468-008-0252-5Liu, X., P. Zhao, X. Rao, L. Ma, X. Cai y X. Zeng. 2008. Response of canopy stomatal conductance of Acacia mangium forest to environmental driving factors. Front. For. China 3(1), 64-71. Doi: 10.1007/ s11461-008-0001-3Maheshwar, H., K. Palanisam y S. Jae. 2013. Acacia mangium Willd. - A fast growing tree for tropical plantation. J. For. Sci. 29(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.7747/JFS.2013.29.1.1Marena. 2002. Guía de especies forestales de Nicaragua. En: http://es.scribd.com/doc/60969339/Guia-de-Especies- Forestales; consultado: mayo de 2017.Maslin, B.R. y M.W. McDonald. 1996. A key to useful Australian acacias for the seasonally dry tropics. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.Matsoukas, I.G. 2014. Interplay between sugar and hormone signaling pathways modulate floral signal transduction. Front. Genet. 5, 1-12. Doi: 10.3389/ fgene.2014.00218Meier, A., M. Saunders y C. Michler. 2012. Epicormic buds in trees: a review of bud establishment, development and dormancy release. Tree Physiol. 32, 565-584. Doi: 10.1093/treephys/tps040Mercado Jr., A., M. Van Noordwijk, T. Hilder y G. Cadisch. 2008. Acacia mangium as an intercrop in mixed tree-based contour hedgerow systems on sloping acid upland soils. Aust. J. Bot. 40, 37-48.Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. 2015. Colombia tiene un potencial forestal de 24 millones de hectáreas para explotación comercial. En: https://www. minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/Colombia-tiene- un-potencial-forestal.aspx; consultado: mayo de 2017.National Research Council. 1983. 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Ecol. 24(1), 49-56.Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 12, número 1 (Enero-Abril 2018)ORIGINALPPS_1504_Aspectos_fisiologicos_aprovechamiento_acacia.pdfPPS_1504_Aspectos_fisiologicos_aprovechamiento_acacia.pdfArchivo principalapplication/pdf315791https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/5eeaf139-71e1-4d93-a1ed-a8782259988e/download4235b307ef5e84662490971e788ad0d0MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/c1865bb8-efdf-4c6a-8181-b52a1d2115e4/download88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD52TEXTPPS_1504.pdf.txtPPS_1504.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain46790https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/7427d121-6303-4f56-ad51-599d18ad45af/download79e5fd0b70585163dfa340821620c87dMD53PPS_1504_Aspectos_fisiologicos_aprovechamiento_acacia.pdf.txtPPS_1504_Aspectos_fisiologicos_aprovechamiento_acacia.pdf.txtExtracted 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