Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings
1 recurso en línea (páginas 508-513).
- Autores:
-
Gomes, Erik Nunes
Machado, Marília Pereira
Miola, José
Deschamps, Cícero
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2910
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2910
- Palabra clave:
- Lupulo: Humulus lupulus L.
Lúpulo - Reproducción
Agrosavia
Humulus lupulus
Chinook
Asexual reproduction
Rooting
Growth environments
Transpiration.
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Area foliar y nebulización intermitente en la propagación de lúpulo por estacas de tallo |
| title |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| spellingShingle |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings Lupulo: Humulus lupulus L. Lúpulo - Reproducción Agrosavia Humulus lupulus Chinook Asexual reproduction Rooting Growth environments Transpiration. |
| title_short |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| title_full |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| title_fullStr |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| title_sort |
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Erik Nunes Machado, Marília Pereira Miola, José Deschamps, Cícero |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Erik Nunes Machado, Marília Pereira Miola, José Deschamps, Cícero |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Lupulo: Humulus lupulus L. Lúpulo - Reproducción |
| topic |
Lupulo: Humulus lupulus L. Lúpulo - Reproducción Agrosavia Humulus lupulus Chinook Asexual reproduction Rooting Growth environments Transpiration. |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Humulus lupulus Chinook Asexual reproduction Rooting Growth environments Transpiration. |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 508-513). |
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2018 |
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2018-09-21 |
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2019-11-06T16:22:17Z |
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2019-11-06T16:22:17Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Gomes, E. N. y otros. Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(2), 508-513. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7652. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2910 |
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10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7652 |
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Gomes, E. N. y otros. Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(2), 508-513. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7652. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2910 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7652 |
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Almaguer, C., C. Schonberger, M. Gastl, E.K. Arendt, and T. Becker. 2014. Humulus lupulus – a story that begs to be told. A review. J. Brew. Distilling. 120(4), 289-314. Doi: 10.1002/jib.160 Amaral, G.C., L.P.D.S. Brito, R.C. Avelino, J.V.D. Silva Júnior, M.Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, and I.H.L. Cavalcante. 2012. Produção de mudas de Duranta repens L. pelo processo de estaquia. Rev. Cienc. Agr. 35(1), 134-142. Bona, C.M.D. and L.A. Biasi. 2010. Influence of leaf retention on cutting propagation of Lavandula dentata L. Rev. Ceres. 57(4), 526-529. Doi: 10.1590/ S0034-737X2010000400014 Braun, H., P.C. Cavatte, J.A. Teixeira do Amaral, J.F. Teixeira do Amaral, and E.F. Reis. 2010. Produção de mudas de tomateiro por estaquia: efeito do substrato e comprimento de estacas. Idesia 28(1), 9-15. Doi: 10.4067/ S0718-34292010000100002 Correia, A.C.G., A. Xavier, P.C. Dias, M. Titon, and R.C. Santana. 2015. Redução foliar em miniestacas e microestacas de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus. Rev. Árvore 39(2), 295-304. Doi: 10.1590/0100-67622015000200009 DeNoma, J.S. 2000. Humulus genetic resources: Hop. USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm repository. USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository. In: https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/corvallis- or/national-clonal-germplasm-repository/docs/ ncgr-corvallis-humulus-germplasm; consulted: July, 2017. Dias, P.C., A. Xavier, L. Silva de Oliveira, A.C. Guieiro Correia, and G.A. Barbosa. 2015. Tipo de miniestaca e de substrato na propagação vegetativa de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan). Cienc. Florestal 25(4), 909-919. Doi: 10.5902/1980509820593 Garbuio, C., L.A. Biasi, A.P.D.J. Kowalski, D. Signor, E.M. Machado, and C. Deschamps. 2007. Propagação por estaquia em patchouli com diferentes números de folhas e tipos de estacas. Scientia Agr. 8(4), 435-438. Doi: 10.5380/rsa.v8i4.9893 Howard, B.H. 1965. Regeneration of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) from softwood cuttings. I. the cutting and its rooting environment. J. Hortic. Sci. 40(1), 181- 191. Doi: 10.1080/00221589.1965.11514132 Koetter, U. and M. Biendl. 2010. Hops (Humulus lupulus): A review of its historic and medicinal uses. J. Am. Bot. Council 87(1), 44-57. Lusa, M.G. and L.A. Biasi. 2011. Estaquia de Cuphea calophylla subsp. mesostemon (Koehne) Lourteig (Lythraceae). Rev. Bras. Pl. Med. 13(1), 52-57. Doi: 10.1590/ S1516-05722011000100008 Nance, M.R. and W.N. Setzer. 2011. Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing. J. Brew. Distilling 2(2), 16-22. Pacheco, J.P. and E.T.H. Franco. 2008. Substratos e estacas com e sem folhas no enraizamento de Luehea divaricata Mart. Cienc. Rural 38(7), 1900-1906. Doi: 10.1590/ S0103-84782008000700015 Pizzatto, M., A. Wagner Júnior, D. Luckmann, K. Pirola, D.A. Cassol, and S.M. Mazaro. 2011. Influência do uso de AIB, época de coleta e tamanho de estaca na propagação vegetativa de hibisco por estaquia. Rev. Ceres 58(4), 487-492. Doi: 10.1590/ S0103-84782008000700015 Santana, R.C., T.R. Dutra, J.P. Carvalho Neto, G.S. Nogueira, P.H. Grazziotti, and N.F.D Barros Filho. 2010. Influence of leaf area reduction on clonal production of eucalyptus seedlings. Cerne 16(3), 251-257. Doi: 10.1590/S0104-77602010000300001 Silva, F.D.A.S. and C.A.V Azevedo. 2016. Comparison of means of agricultural experimentation data through different tests using the software Assistat. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 11(1), 3527-3531. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11522 Silva, P.H.A. and F.C. Faria. 2008. Avaliação da intensidade de amargor e do seu princípio ativo em cervejas de diferentes características e marcas comerciais. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment. 28(4), 902-906. Doi: 10.1590/ S0101-20612008000400021 Solis, R., M. Pezo, G. Diaz, L. Arévalo, and D. Cachique. 2017. Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings: effects of leaf area and indole-3-butyric acid concentration. Braz. J. Biol. 77(3), 580-584. 10.1590/1519-6984.20415 Sousa, C.M., R.N. Busquet, M.A.D.S. Vasconcellos, and R.M. Miranda. 2013. Effects of auxin and misting on the rooting of herbaceous and hardwood cuttings from the fig tree. Rev. Cienc. Agron. 44(2), 334-338. Doi: 10.1590/S1806-66902013000200016 |
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Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 12, número 2 (Mayo-Agosto 2018) |
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Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
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Gomes, Erik NunesMachado, Marília PereiraMiola, JoséDeschamps, Cícero2019-11-06T16:22:17Z2019-11-06T16:22:17Z2018-09-21Gomes, E. N. y otros. Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(2), 508-513. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7652. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/29102422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/291010.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.76521 recurso en línea (páginas 508-513).Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant with economic importance due to its use in the brewing industry. The cones produced by the species contain the main substances responsible for the beer’s bitterness and aroma. Hop plants cultivation in Brazil is still incipient and information on efficient methods for its propagation in this context are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different leaf areas (two whole leaves, two leaves in half, one whole leaf, one leaf in half and without leaves) in herbaceous stem cuttings planted in environments with and without intermittent misting. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Curitiba-PR, Brazil (25º25’40 “S and 49º16’23” W). After 30 days of planting, the survival, rooting, sprouting and leaf retention percentages, roots number, average roots length and roots and sprouts dry mass were evaluated. Cuttings with one or two whole leaves and two leaves in half in the misting environment showed the highest rooting percentages (between 90.0 and 97.5%). In the without misting environment, the highest values were observed in cuttings with one or two leaves in half and one whole leaf (between 62.5 and 72.5%). Leafless cuttings had low survival percentages (2.5% in both environments). Under intermittent misting conditions it is recommended to prepare stem cuttings with one or two whole leaves and, in the absence of control over the environment humidity, cuttings with one whole leaf are recommended.Lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) es una planta con una economía importante debido a su uso en la industria cervecera. Los conos producidos por esta especie contienen las principales sustancias responsables de la amargura y el aroma de la cerveza. El cultivo de plantas de lúpulo en Brasil es aún incipiente en la información y los métodos eficientes para su propagación son escasos en este contexto. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de las diferentes áreas de hoja (dos hojas enteras, dos hojas a la mitad, una hoja entera, una hoja a la mitad y estacas sin hojas) en estacas herbáceas plantadas en ambientes con y sin nebulización intermitente. El experimento fue conducido en un invernadero en la ciudad de Curitiba-PR, Brasil (25º25’40 “S y 49º16’23” W). Después de 30 días se evaluaron los porcentajes de supervivencia, enraizamiento, brotación y retención de hojas, número de raíces, longitud promedio de raíces y masa seca de raíces y brotes. Las estacas con una o dos hojas enteras y dos hojas a la mitad, bajo nebulización, mostraron los porcentajes de enraizamiento más altos (entre 90 y 97,5%). En el ambiente sin niebla, los valores más altos se observaron en los esquejes con una o dos hojas por la mitad y una hoja entera (entre 62,5 y 72,5%). Las estacas sin hojas tuvieron bajos porcentajes de supervivencia (2,5% en ambos ambientes). Bajo condiciones de neblina intermitente, se recomienda preparar esquejes de tallo con una o dos hojas enteras y, sin nebulización, se recomiendan esquejes con una hoja entera.Bibliografía: página 513application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7652/7113Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttingsArea foliar y nebulización intermitente en la propagación de lúpulo por estacas de talloArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Almaguer, C., C. Schonberger, M. Gastl, E.K. Arendt, and T. Becker. 2014. Humulus lupulus – a story that begs to be told. A review. J. Brew. Distilling. 120(4), 289-314. Doi: 10.1002/jib.160Amaral, G.C., L.P.D.S. Brito, R.C. Avelino, J.V.D. Silva Júnior, M.Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, and I.H.L. Cavalcante. 2012. Produção de mudas de Duranta repens L. pelo processo de estaquia. Rev. Cienc. Agr. 35(1), 134-142.Bona, C.M.D. and L.A. Biasi. 2010. Influence of leaf retention on cutting propagation of Lavandula dentata L. Rev. Ceres. 57(4), 526-529. Doi: 10.1590/ S0034-737X2010000400014Braun, H., P.C. Cavatte, J.A. Teixeira do Amaral, J.F. Teixeira do Amaral, and E.F. Reis. 2010. Produção de mudas de tomateiro por estaquia: efeito do substrato e comprimento de estacas. Idesia 28(1), 9-15. Doi: 10.4067/ S0718-34292010000100002Correia, A.C.G., A. Xavier, P.C. Dias, M. Titon, and R.C. Santana. 2015. Redução foliar em miniestacas e microestacas de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus. Rev. Árvore 39(2), 295-304. Doi: 10.1590/0100-67622015000200009DeNoma, J.S. 2000. Humulus genetic resources: Hop. USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm repository. USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository. In: https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/corvallis- or/national-clonal-germplasm-repository/docs/ ncgr-corvallis-humulus-germplasm; consulted: July, 2017.Dias, P.C., A. Xavier, L. Silva de Oliveira, A.C. Guieiro Correia, and G.A. Barbosa. 2015. Tipo de miniestaca e de substrato na propagação vegetativa de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan). Cienc. Florestal 25(4), 909-919. Doi: 10.5902/1980509820593Garbuio, C., L.A. Biasi, A.P.D.J. Kowalski, D. Signor, E.M. Machado, and C. Deschamps. 2007. Propagação por estaquia em patchouli com diferentes números de folhas e tipos de estacas. Scientia Agr. 8(4), 435-438. Doi: 10.5380/rsa.v8i4.9893Howard, B.H. 1965. Regeneration of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) from softwood cuttings. I. the cutting and its rooting environment. J. Hortic. Sci. 40(1), 181- 191. Doi: 10.1080/00221589.1965.11514132Koetter, U. and M. Biendl. 2010. Hops (Humulus lupulus): A review of its historic and medicinal uses. J. Am. Bot. Council 87(1), 44-57.Lusa, M.G. and L.A. Biasi. 2011. Estaquia de Cuphea calophylla subsp. mesostemon (Koehne) Lourteig (Lythraceae). Rev. Bras. Pl. Med. 13(1), 52-57. Doi: 10.1590/ S1516-05722011000100008Nance, M.R. and W.N. Setzer. 2011. Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing. J. Brew. Distilling 2(2), 16-22.Pacheco, J.P. and E.T.H. Franco. 2008. Substratos e estacas com e sem folhas no enraizamento de Luehea divaricata Mart. Cienc. Rural 38(7), 1900-1906. Doi: 10.1590/ S0103-84782008000700015Pizzatto, M., A. Wagner Júnior, D. Luckmann, K. Pirola, D.A. Cassol, and S.M. Mazaro. 2011. Influência do uso de AIB, época de coleta e tamanho de estaca na propagação vegetativa de hibisco por estaquia. Rev. Ceres 58(4), 487-492. Doi: 10.1590/ S0103-84782008000700015Santana, R.C., T.R. Dutra, J.P. Carvalho Neto, G.S. Nogueira, P.H. Grazziotti, and N.F.D Barros Filho. 2010. Influence of leaf area reduction on clonal production of eucalyptus seedlings. Cerne 16(3), 251-257. Doi: 10.1590/S0104-77602010000300001Silva, F.D.A.S. and C.A.V Azevedo. 2016. Comparison of means of agricultural experimentation data through different tests using the software Assistat. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 11(1), 3527-3531. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11522Silva, P.H.A. and F.C. Faria. 2008. Avaliação da intensidade de amargor e do seu princípio ativo em cervejas de diferentes características e marcas comerciais. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment. 28(4), 902-906. Doi: 10.1590/ S0101-20612008000400021Solis, R., M. Pezo, G. Diaz, L. Arévalo, and D. Cachique. 2017. Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings: effects of leaf area and indole-3-butyric acid concentration. Braz. J. Biol. 77(3), 580-584. 10.1590/1519-6984.20415Sousa, C.M., R.N. Busquet, M.A.D.S. Vasconcellos, and R.M. Miranda. 2013. Effects of auxin and misting on the rooting of herbaceous and hardwood cuttings from the fig tree. Rev. Cienc. Agron. 44(2), 334-338. Doi: 10.1590/S1806-66902013000200016Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 12, número 2 (Mayo-Agosto 2018)Lupulo: Humulus lupulus L.Lúpulo - ReproducciónAgrosaviaHumulus lupulusChinookAsexual reproductionRootingGrowth environmentsTranspiration.LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/0b86a1a0-3c64-4159-9a90-3e676655c35c/download88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD52ORIGINALPPS_1528_Leaf_area_and_intermittent.pdfPPS_1528_Leaf_area_and_intermittent.pdfArchivo principalapplication/pdf330219https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/69fa8e76-d3eb-4db1-8782-c12e46b9ae40/downloade0cfb66c6b607340b5ef15574c5130bdMD51TEXTPPS_1528.pdf.txtPPS_1528.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain24861https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/066b3e70-97e0-4c02-a1f9-d44aa010e859/download3904546b9c44b5c015c334ce82666cc4MD53PPS_1528_Area_doliar_nebulizacion_intermitente.pdf.txtPPS_1528_Area_doliar_nebulizacion_intermitente.pdf.txtExtracted 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