Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima)
1 recurso en línea (páginas 237-246) : ilustraciones color.
- Autores:
-
Casierra Posada, Fanor
Lancheros Olmos, Jhonattan
Cutler, Joseph
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2873
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2873
- Palabra clave:
- Curuba - Cultivo - Crecimiento
Agrosavia
Relative growth rate
Absolute growth rate
Length/width ratio
Fruit weight
Total soluble solids
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Crecimiento y caída de frutos en curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| title |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| spellingShingle |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) Curuba - Cultivo - Crecimiento Agrosavia Relative growth rate Absolute growth rate Length/width ratio Fruit weight Total soluble solids |
| title_short |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| title_full |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| title_fullStr |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| title_sort |
Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Casierra Posada, Fanor Lancheros Olmos, Jhonattan Cutler, Joseph |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Casierra Posada, Fanor Lancheros Olmos, Jhonattan Cutler, Joseph |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Curuba - Cultivo - Crecimiento |
| topic |
Curuba - Cultivo - Crecimiento Agrosavia Relative growth rate Absolute growth rate Length/width ratio Fruit weight Total soluble solids |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Relative growth rate Absolute growth rate Length/width ratio Fruit weight Total soluble solids |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 237-246) : ilustraciones color. |
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2018 |
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2018-06-06 |
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2019-10-04T21:48:03Z |
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2019-10-04T21:48:03Z |
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Casierra Posada, F., Lancheros Olmos, J. & Cutler, J. (2017). Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 237-246. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7334. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2873 |
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2422-3719 |
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10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7334 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Casierra Posada, F., Lancheros Olmos, J. & Cutler, J. (2017). Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 237-246. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7334. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2873 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7334 |
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Arjona, H.E., F.B. Matta, and J.A. Garner. 1991. Growth and composition of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and mayop (P. incarnata). HortScience 26(7), 921-923. Arseneault, M.H. and J.A. Cline. 2016. A review of apple preharvest fruit drop and practices for horticultural management. Sci. Hortic. 211, 40-52. Doi: 10.1016/j. scienta.2016.08.002 Beadle, C.L. 1993. Growth analysis. pp. 36-46. In: Hall, D.O., J.M.O. Scurlock, H.R. Bolhàrd-Nordenkampf, R.C. Leegood, and S.P. Long (eds.). Photosynthesis and production in a changing environment: A field and laboratory manual. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. Campos, T. 2001. La curuba: su cultivo. IICA, Bogota, Colombia. Casierra-Posada, F., D.I. Hernández, P. Lüdders, and G. Ebert. 2003. Crecimiento de frutos y ramas del manzano ‘Anna’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) en los altiplanos colombianos. Agron. Colomb. 21, 69-73. Casierra-Posada, F., V.E. Barreto, and O.L. Fonseca. 2004. Crecimiento de frutos y ramas de duraznero (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Conservero’) en los altiplanos colombianos. Agron. Colomb. 22 (1), 40-45. Casierra-Posada, F., M.C. Cardozo, and J.F. Cárdenas-Hernández. 2007. Análisis del crecimiento en frutos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivados bajo invernadero. Agron. Colomb. 25(2), 299-305. Casierra-Posada, F. and M.C. Cardozo. 2009. Análisis básico del crecimiento en frutos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. ‘Quindío’) cultivados a campo abierto. Rev. Fac. Nal. Agr. Medellín 62(1), 4815-4822. Casierra-Posada, F. and A. Jarma-Orozco. 2016. Nutritional composition of Passiflora species. pp. 517-534. In: Simmonds, M.S.J. and V.R. Preedy (eds.). Nutritional composition of fruit cultivars. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. Chaparro, D.C., M.E. Maldonado, M.C. Franco, and L.A Urango. 2015. Características nutricionales y antioxidantes de la fruta curuba larga (Passiflora mollisima Bailey). Biotecnol. Sector Agropecu. Agroind. 13(1), 120-128. Corner, E.J. 1976. The seeds of the dicotyledons. Vol. I and II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Esquerre-Ibañez, B., C. Rojas-Idrogo, S. Llatas-Quiroz, and G.E. Delgado-Paredes. 2014. El género Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) en el departamento de Lambayeque, Perú. Acta Bot. Malacitana 39, 55-70. Estornell, L.H., J. Agustí, P. Merelo, M. Talón, and F.R. Tadeo. 2013. Elucidating mechanisms underlying organ abscission. Plant Sci. 199-200C, 48-60. Doi: 10.1016/j. plantsci.2012.10.008 Franco, G., J.R. Cartagena, and G. Correa. 2014. Analysis of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) growth under ecological conditions of the Colombian lower montane rain forest. Rev. UDCA Act. Div. Cient. 17(2), 391-400. Gillaspy, G., H. Ben-David, and W. Gruissem. 1993. Fruits: A developmental perspective. Plant Cell 5, 1439-1451. Doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1439 Hunt, R. 1982. Plant growth curves: The functional approach to plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold, London, UK. Hunt, R. 1990. Basic growth analysis. Plant growth analysis for beginners. Unwin Hyman, Boston, MA, USA. Doi: 10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6 Jorquera-Fontena, E., M. Génard, A. Ribera-Fonseca, and N. Franck. 2017. A simple allometric model for estimating blueberry fruit weight from diameter measurements. Sci. Hortic. 219, 131-134. Doi: 10.1016/j. scienta.2017.03.009 Malacrida, C.R. and N. Jorge. 2012. Yellow passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa): physical and chemical characteristics. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 55 (1), 127-134. Doi: 10.1590/S1516-89132012000100016 Niklas, K.J. 1994. Plant allometry: The scaling of form and process. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. Ocampo, J.A., G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, M.T. Restrepo, A. Jarvis, M.H. Salazar, and C.M. Caetano. 2007. Diversity of Colombian Passifloraceae: biogeography and an updated list for conservation. Biota Colomb. 8(1), 1-45. Reina, C.E. 1995. Manejo, poscosecha y evaluación de la calidad de curuba (Passiflora mollissima) que se comercializa en la ciudad de Neiva. Universidad Surcolombia. Facultad de Ingeniería, Neiva, Colombia Sexton, R. and J. Roberts. 1982. Cell biology of abscission. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 133-162. Doi: 10.1146/ annurev.pp.33.060182.001025 Smith, H.M. and A. Samach. 2013. Constraints to obtaining consistent annual yields in perennial tree crops. I: heavy fruit load dominates over vegetative growth. Plant Sci. 207, 158-167. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.014 Stikić, R., Z. Jovanović, B. Vucelić-Radović, M. Marjanović, and S. Savić. 2015. Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies. Bot. Serbica 39(2), 95-102. Téllez, C.P., G. Fischer, and O.C. Quintero. 2007. Comportamiento fisiológico y fisicoquímico de frutos de curuba (Passiflora mollissima Bailey) encerados y almacenados a dos temperaturas. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortíc. 1(1), 67-80. Doi: 10.17584/rcch.2007v1i1.1146 Valdebenito, D., S. Tombesi, A. Tixier, B. Lampinen, P. Brown, and S. Saa. 2017. Spur behavior in Almond trees (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] DAWebb): effects of flowers, fruit, and “June drop” on leaf area, leaf nitrogen, spur survival and return bloom. Sci. Hortic. 215, 15-19. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.050 Vanclay, J.K. 1994. Modelling forest growth and yield. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. |
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Casierra Posada, FanorLancheros Olmos, JhonattanCutler, Joseph2019-10-04T21:48:03Z2019-10-04T21:48:03Z2018-06-06Casierra Posada, F., Lancheros Olmos, J. & Cutler, J. (2017). Fruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 237-246. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7334. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/28732422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/287310.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.73341 recurso en línea (páginas 237-246) : ilustraciones color.El crecimiento es un aumento irreversible en el tamaño de los órganos de las plantas que puede implicar cambios en su forma, y está acompañado de procesos como la morfogénesis y la diferenciación celular. La expresión matemática del crecimiento del fruto en plantas cultivadas es una herramienta que permite estimar aspectos relacionados con la producción, y además contribuye a definir protocolos aplicables al manejo agronómico del cultivo. Se desarrolló en el municipio de Caldas (Boyacá, Colombia), un ensayo en condiciones de campo, con el objetivo de describir la dinámica de diferentes variables implicadas en el crecimiento y caída de frutos de curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima). Se calcularon modelos matemáticos para la estimación de algunas variables, usadas comúnmente para describir el crecimiento de frutos. Las variables evaluadas presentaron valores de R2 superiores a 0,98 con excepción de la tasa de crecimiento absoluto de la longitud del fruto y la caída instantánea de frutos, cuyos valores de R2 fueron de 0,82 y 0,76, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de crecimiento relativo presentó los valores máximos hasta 22 días después de la apertura floral, mientras que la tasa de crecimiento absoluto presentó el mayor valor entre 15-22 días después de la apertura floral. La longitud y el ancho de los frutos mostraron una curva de forma sigmoide, típica de otras Passifloraceae reportadas previamente. La máxima caída de frutos de presentó a los 15 días después de la apertura floral y se encontró que sólo el 38,9% de las flores desarrollan frutos que alcanzan el momento de la cosecha. Esta información es de gran importancia cuando se pretende efectuar un manejo tecnificado del cultivo, con el propósito de optimizar la producción de curuba.Growth is an irreversible increase in the size of plant organs that may involve changes in their form, and is accompanied by processes such as morphogenesis and cell differentiation. The mathematical expression of fruit growth in cultivated plants allows one to estimate aspects related to production, and contributes to defining protocols applicable to the agronomic management of the crop. A field trial was carried out in Caldas (Boyacá, Colombia), to describe the dynamics of different variables involved in the growth and fall of fruits in Banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima). Mathematical models were developed for variables commonly used to describe fruit growth. The evaluated variables presented values of R2 higher than 0.98, except for the absolute growth rate of fruit length and at the time of fruit drop, whose R2 values were 0.82 and 0.76, respectively. The results showed that the relative growth rate presented maximum values up to 22 days after floral opening, whereas the absolute growth rate presented the highest value between 15-22 days after floral opening. The length and width of the fruits showed a sigmoid-shaped curve, typical of other previously reported Passifloraceae. The maximum fruit fall occurred at 15 days after the floral opening and it was found that only 38.9% of the flowers develop fruits that reach the time of harvest. This information contributes to the technical management and optimal production of banana passion fruit.Bibliografía: páginas 245-246application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7334/pdfFruit growth and fruit drop in banana passion fruit plants (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima)Crecimiento y caída de frutos en curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima)Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Arjona, H.E., F.B. Matta, and J.A. Garner. 1991. Growth and composition of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and mayop (P. incarnata). HortScience 26(7), 921-923.Arseneault, M.H. and J.A. Cline. 2016. A review of apple preharvest fruit drop and practices for horticultural management. Sci. Hortic. 211, 40-52. Doi: 10.1016/j. scienta.2016.08.002Beadle, C.L. 1993. Growth analysis. pp. 36-46. In: Hall, D.O., J.M.O. Scurlock, H.R. Bolhàrd-Nordenkampf, R.C. Leegood, and S.P. Long (eds.). Photosynthesis and production in a changing environment: A field and laboratory manual. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.Campos, T. 2001. La curuba: su cultivo. IICA, Bogota, Colombia.Casierra-Posada, F., D.I. Hernández, P. Lüdders, and G. Ebert. 2003. Crecimiento de frutos y ramas del manzano ‘Anna’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) en los altiplanos colombianos. Agron. Colomb. 21, 69-73.Casierra-Posada, F., V.E. Barreto, and O.L. Fonseca. 2004. Crecimiento de frutos y ramas de duraznero (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Conservero’) en los altiplanos colombianos. Agron. Colomb. 22 (1), 40-45.Casierra-Posada, F., M.C. Cardozo, and J.F. Cárdenas-Hernández. 2007. Análisis del crecimiento en frutos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivados bajo invernadero. Agron. Colomb. 25(2), 299-305.Casierra-Posada, F. and M.C. Cardozo. 2009. Análisis básico del crecimiento en frutos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. ‘Quindío’) cultivados a campo abierto. Rev. Fac. Nal. Agr. Medellín 62(1), 4815-4822.Casierra-Posada, F. and A. Jarma-Orozco. 2016. Nutritional composition of Passiflora species. pp. 517-534. In: Simmonds, M.S.J. and V.R. Preedy (eds.). Nutritional composition of fruit cultivars. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.Chaparro, D.C., M.E. Maldonado, M.C. Franco, and L.A Urango. 2015. Características nutricionales y antioxidantes de la fruta curuba larga (Passiflora mollisima Bailey). Biotecnol. Sector Agropecu. Agroind. 13(1), 120-128.Corner, E.J. 1976. The seeds of the dicotyledons. Vol. I and II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Esquerre-Ibañez, B., C. Rojas-Idrogo, S. Llatas-Quiroz, and G.E. Delgado-Paredes. 2014. El género Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) en el departamento de Lambayeque, Perú. Acta Bot. Malacitana 39, 55-70.Estornell, L.H., J. Agustí, P. Merelo, M. Talón, and F.R. Tadeo. 2013. Elucidating mechanisms underlying organ abscission. Plant Sci. 199-200C, 48-60. Doi: 10.1016/j. plantsci.2012.10.008Franco, G., J.R. Cartagena, and G. Correa. 2014. Analysis of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) growth under ecological conditions of the Colombian lower montane rain forest. Rev. UDCA Act. Div. Cient. 17(2), 391-400.Gillaspy, G., H. Ben-David, and W. Gruissem. 1993. Fruits: A developmental perspective. Plant Cell 5, 1439-1451. Doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1439Hunt, R. 1982. Plant growth curves: The functional approach to plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold, London, UK.Hunt, R. 1990. Basic growth analysis. Plant growth analysis for beginners. Unwin Hyman, Boston, MA, USA. Doi: 10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6Jorquera-Fontena, E., M. Génard, A. Ribera-Fonseca, and N. Franck. 2017. A simple allometric model for estimating blueberry fruit weight from diameter measurements. Sci. Hortic. 219, 131-134. Doi: 10.1016/j. scienta.2017.03.009Malacrida, C.R. and N. Jorge. 2012. Yellow passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa): physical and chemical characteristics. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 55 (1), 127-134. Doi: 10.1590/S1516-89132012000100016Niklas, K.J. 1994. Plant allometry: The scaling of form and process. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA.Ocampo, J.A., G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, M.T. Restrepo, A. Jarvis, M.H. Salazar, and C.M. Caetano. 2007. Diversity of Colombian Passifloraceae: biogeography and an updated list for conservation. Biota Colomb. 8(1), 1-45.Reina, C.E. 1995. Manejo, poscosecha y evaluación de la calidad de curuba (Passiflora mollissima) que se comercializa en la ciudad de Neiva. Universidad Surcolombia. Facultad de Ingeniería, Neiva, ColombiaSexton, R. and J. Roberts. 1982. Cell biology of abscission. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 133-162. Doi: 10.1146/ annurev.pp.33.060182.001025Smith, H.M. and A. Samach. 2013. Constraints to obtaining consistent annual yields in perennial tree crops. I: heavy fruit load dominates over vegetative growth. Plant Sci. 207, 158-167. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.014Stikić, R., Z. Jovanović, B. Vucelić-Radović, M. Marjanović, and S. Savić. 2015. Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies. Bot. Serbica 39(2), 95-102.Téllez, C.P., G. Fischer, and O.C. Quintero. 2007. Comportamiento fisiológico y fisicoquímico de frutos de curuba (Passiflora mollissima Bailey) encerados y almacenados a dos temperaturas. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortíc. 1(1), 67-80. Doi: 10.17584/rcch.2007v1i1.1146Valdebenito, D., S. Tombesi, A. Tixier, B. Lampinen, P. Brown, and S. Saa. 2017. Spur behavior in Almond trees (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] DAWebb): effects of flowers, fruit, and “June drop” on leaf area, leaf nitrogen, spur survival and return bloom. Sci. Hortic. 215, 15-19. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.050Vanclay, J.K. 1994. Modelling forest growth and yield. 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