Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline
105 páginas : ilustraciones color, figuras, tablas.
- Autores:
-
Gómez Neita, Juan Sebastian
López Carrasquilla, Mayra Dayana
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2017
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/1875
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875
- Palabra clave:
- Geología del carbón - Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Formación guaduas - Geología
Estratigrafía - Paleoceno - Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Estructuras sedimentarias
Petrología - Formación guaduas - Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Minas de carbón - Checua-Lenguazaque (Cundinmarca, Colombia)
Geotectónica - Mediciones fotográficas
Ingeniería Geológica - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| title |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| spellingShingle |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline Geología del carbón - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Formación guaduas - Geología Estratigrafía - Paleoceno - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Estructuras sedimentarias Petrología - Formación guaduas - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Minas de carbón - Checua-Lenguazaque (Cundinmarca, Colombia) Geotectónica - Mediciones fotográficas Ingeniería Geológica - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| title_short |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| title_full |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| title_fullStr |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| title_sort |
Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gómez Neita, Juan Sebastian López Carrasquilla, Mayra Dayana |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Manosalva Sánchez, Sandra Rocío |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gómez Neita, Juan Sebastian López Carrasquilla, Mayra Dayana |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Geología del carbón - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Formación guaduas - Geología Estratigrafía - Paleoceno - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Estructuras sedimentarias Petrología - Formación guaduas - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Minas de carbón - Checua-Lenguazaque (Cundinmarca, Colombia) Geotectónica - Mediciones fotográficas Ingeniería Geológica - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| topic |
Geología del carbón - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Formación guaduas - Geología Estratigrafía - Paleoceno - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Estructuras sedimentarias Petrología - Formación guaduas - Cundinamarca (Colombia) Minas de carbón - Checua-Lenguazaque (Cundinmarca, Colombia) Geotectónica - Mediciones fotográficas Ingeniería Geológica - Tesis y disertaciones académicas |
| description |
105 páginas : ilustraciones color, figuras, tablas. |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-10-03T22:01:43Z |
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2017-10-03T22:01:43Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2017 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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Gómez Neita, J. S. & López Carrasquilla, M. D. (2017). Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, Guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline. (Trabajo de grado). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sogamoso. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875 |
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https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Gómez Neita, J. S. & López Carrasquilla, M. D. (2017). Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, Guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline. (Trabajo de grado). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sogamoso. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875 |
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https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Alves, R. G., & Ade, M. B. (1996). Sequence stratigraphy and coal petrography applied to the Candiota Coal Field, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A depositional model. International Journal of Coal Geology 30 231-248. Amaya Medina, E. J. (2009). Litofacies y ambiente de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas. Sogamoso, Boyaca, COL: UPTC. Barker, C. E., & Pawlewicz, M. J. (1994). Calculation of Vitrinite Reflectance from Thermal Histories and Peak Temperatures A Comparison of Methods. Washington D.C, USA: ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 570. Barrera Ponguta, J. A. (2016). Determinación de la madurez térmica de los carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el sinclinal Checua-Lenguazaque. Sogamoso, BOY, COL: UPTC. Boggs, S. J. (2006). Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc. Buillit, N. E., Lallier, B., Nicolas, G., & Pradier, B. (2002). Coal petrographic genetic units in deltaic-plain deposits of the Campanian Mesa Verde Group (New Mexico, USA). International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 51 (2), p. 93-110. Calder, J. H., Gibbing, M. R., & Mukhopadhay, P. K. (1991). Peat formation in a Westphalian B pidemont setting, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia: implication for the maceral-based interpretation of rheotrophic and raised paleomires. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 162, 283–298. Cooper, M. A., Addison, F. T., Alvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R. H., Hayward, A. B., . . . Tobon, A. (1995). Basin Development and Tectonic History of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera, and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. A.A.P.G Bulletin , 1421-1443. Diessel, C. F. (1986). The correlation between coal facies and depositional environments. In: Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin. Proc. 20th Syrup., Newcastle, N.S.W., pp. 19-22. Duarte B., C., & Parra C., F. (2012). Exploración Gas Metano Asociado al Carbón. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Duarte Barrera, C. i., Monroy V., W. O., & Rincón, M. A. (2012). EXPLORACIÓN GAS METANO ASOCIADO AL CARBÓN. ÁREA CHECUA CHECUA LENGUAZAQUE. Bogotá, CUN, COL: SERVICIO GEOLÓGICO COLOMBIANO. Etayo, F., Renzoni, G., & Barrero, D. (1969). Contornos sucesivos del mar Cretaceo en Colombia. Bogota, Cundinamarca, COL: Primer congreso Colombiano Geol. Mem 217-252. Fabre, A. (1985). Dinamica de la sedimentacion Cretacica en la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. (Cor. Ori. Col) Proyecto cretacico. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Publi. Geol. Esp. no 16 Ingeominas. Gomez Neita, J. S., Lopez Carrasquilla, M. D., Manosalva Sánchez, S. R., & Naranjo Merchán, W. E. (2016). APORTES A LA DETERMINACIÓN DE PALEOAMBIENTES, CARBONES DEL SINCLINAL CHECUA-LENGUAZAQUE. COLOMBIA. Sogamoso, BOY, COL: Revista Ingeniería, Investigación y Desarrollo. Goodarzi, F. (1985). Organic petrology of Hat Creek Coal deposit No. 1, British Columbia. Int. J. Coal Geol., 5: 377-396. Guatame, C. L., & Sarmiento, G. (2004). Interpretación del Ambiente Sedimentario de los Carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el Sinclinal Checua-Lenguazaque apartir del análisis petrográfico. Bogotá, CUN, COL: Geología Colombiana No. 29. Horne, J. F. (1978). Depositional models in coal exploration and mine planning in Appalachian region. . AAPG Bulletin 62, 2379–2411. Hubach, E. (1957). Estratigrafía de la sabana de Bogotá y sus alrededores. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Bol. Geol., Serv. Geol. Nal., 5 (2): 93-112. INGEOMINAS, C. C. (1992). CARACTERISTICAS Y USOS TECNOLOGICOS CARBONES CUNDINAMARCA BOYACA. CARTOGRAFÍA INGEOMINAS. ISO, 1. (2005). Classification of coals. The International Organization for Standardization. Jiménez , A., Martinez Tarazona, R., & Suárez Ruiz, I. (1999). Paleoenvironmental conditions of Puertollano coals (Spain): petrological and geochemical study. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41 (3), p. 189-211. F. (1979). Espesor, estratigrafía y facies de la Formación Guaduas en algunos sitios del cuadrangulo K-11. Tesis de grado universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Ingenominas, 1-92. Mastalerz, M., Padgett , L., & Eble Cortland, F. (2000). Block coals from Indiana: inferences on changing depositional environment. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 43 (1-4), p. 211-226. Mejia Umaña, L. J., Convers Gomez , C. E., & Gonzales Casallas, J. F. (2006). Análisis de Microlitotipos en los Carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el Sinclinal de Sueva, Cundinamarca. Bogotá, CUN, COL: Geología Colombiana No. 31. Misiak, J. (2002). Środowiska depozycji materii organicznej w torfowiskach karbońskich. Mat. XXV Symp. nt. Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski. Wyd. AGH, Kraków, pp. 105–108. Misiak, J. (2003). Projekt diagramu do analizy facjalnej pokładów węgla kamiennego. Mat. XXIV Symp. nt. Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski. Wyd. AGH, Kraków, pp. 109–113. Misiak, J. (2006). Petrography and depositional environment of the No. 308 coal seam (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland)—a new approach to maceral quantification and facies analysis. International Journal of Coal Geology 68. 117–126. Mukhopadhyay, P. K. (1986). Petrography of selected Wilcox and Jockson Group lignites from Tertiary of Texas. In: Finkelman, R.B., Casagrade, D.J. Eds.., Geology of Gulf Coast Lignites. Annu. Meet. Geol. Soc. Am., Coal Geol. Div. Field Trip, pp. 126–145. Nowak, G., & Nowak, A. G. (1999). Peat-forming environments of Westplain A coal seams from the Lower Silesian Coal Basin of SW Poland based on petrographic and palynologic data. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, p. 327-351. Ryan, B., Gransden, J., & Price, J. (1997). Fluidity of western canadian coals and its relationship to other coal and coke properties. Canadá: British Columbia Geological Survey. Sarmiento Pérez, G. (1991). Estratigrafia y medios de deposito de la Formación Guaduas. Bogotá, Cundimarca, COL: Ingeominas, Bol Geol, Vol 32, N° 1-3. Sarmiento, G. (1992). Palinología de la Formación Guaduas (Estatigrafica y Sistemática). Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Boletin Geológico No 32, p 45-126. Sarmiento-Rojas, L. F., Van Wess, J. D., & Cloe, S. (2006). Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera,Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21, 383–411. Singh, M. P., & Singh, A. K. (2000). Petrographic characteristics and depositional. Varanasi, IN. Singh, M. P., & Singh, P. K. (1996). Petrographic characterization and evolution of the Permian coal deposits of the Rajmahal Basin, Bihar, India. Int. J. Coal Geol. 29, 3–118. Stach, E., Mackowsky, M. T., Teichmuller, M., Taylor , G. H., Chandra, D., & Teichmuller, R. (1982). Stach’s Textbook of Coal Petrology. Berlin, GER: 3rd edn. Gebruder Borntraeger,535 pp. STANDARDS, A. (2016). Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Gaseous Fuels: Coal and Coke. Suarez Ruiz, I., & Crelling, J. C. (2008). Applied Coal Petrology, The Role of Petrology in Coal Utiliztion. Burlington, MA USA: Academic Press. UPME, U. d. (2012). Cadena del Carbon. Republica de Colombia, ministerio de minas y energia. Vessey, S. J., & Bustin, R. M. (2000). Sedimentology of the coal-bearing Mist Mountain Formation, Line Creek, Southern Canadian Cordillera: relationships to coal quality. International Journal of Coal Geology 42. 129–158. |
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Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
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Manosalva Sánchez, Sandra Rocío453cc097cc92ebe20fda356cae6abcdd-1Gómez Neita, Juan Sebastianca78a01172b17f6a11f18eed902a7aa6-1López Carrasquilla, Mayra Dayana40bd78acb301e200ef8755d8754de376-12017-10-03T22:01:43Z2017-10-03T22:01:43Z2017Gómez Neita, J. S. & López Carrasquilla, M. D. (2017). Paleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, Guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque syncline. (Trabajo de grado). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sogamoso. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/1875105 páginas : ilustraciones color, figuras, tablas.The coal is an important mineral resource used worldwide in the production of coke and thermic energy, the Checua-Lenguazaque syncline in the major zone where coals are exploited in the central zone of Colombia (Cundinamarca and Boyacá provinces) with this purpose; so understand their origin and processes that affected their quality is very important to development a sedimentary model including the thermal history and the depositional environment; these aspects can be evaluated in coals with the use of the organic petrography through the reflectance of vitrinite and maceral reading tests. Vitrinite reflectance indicated that rank increase with depth causing textural, physical and chemical changes along the coalification process varying the content of moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon. The samples were classified with the ASTM D388-12 norm (High volatile bituminous coals to low volatile bituminous coals) and the ISO 11760 norm (Bituminous coals type C to bituminous coals type A). The Baker equation allowed the determination if the achieved peak temperature for each coal and determine the thermal gradient in the basin concluding that there were different paleogeothermal gradients along the area being more intense in the Samacá section (100°C/Km) than Sutatausa (52°C/Km) and Guachetá (82°C/Km) sections. The maceral reading showed a predominance of macerals of the vitrinite group indicating a good preservation of precursor organic matter, and it allowed the calculate of petrographic indices (GI, TPI, Diessel diagram) (VI, GWI, Calder diagram) to stablish the possible depositional model indicating that coals were deposited in three major environments: Marshes, wet forest swamps and back barrier zones with a fluctuating water level as result of marine incursions increasing the content of framboidal pyrite and calcium; likewise nutrients of peatbog came from rain falls according with the hydrological behavior. The ternary diagrams proposed by Mukhopadhyay and Singh & Singh, give and idea of the predominant vegetation (Forest or reeds), water level, oxic conditions and degradation, showing a preferential behavior to a transition of forest and reed swamps with a medium water level and anoxic conditions, then the paleoenvironments is directly related with the ash and sulfur contents in coals in the study area and they present a correlation with the chemistry water and its level in the peatbog.PregradoIngeniero Geólogoapplication/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaEscuela de Ingeniería GeológicaFacultad Seccional SogamosoCopyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbPaleoenvironments of coals using organic petrography and their relationship with physicochemical properties, guaduas formation, Checua-Lenguazaque synclineTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Geología del carbón - Cundinamarca (Colombia)Formación guaduas - GeologíaEstratigrafía - Paleoceno - Cundinamarca (Colombia)Estructuras sedimentariasPetrología - Formación guaduas - Cundinamarca (Colombia)Minas de carbón - Checua-Lenguazaque (Cundinmarca, Colombia)Geotectónica - Mediciones fotográficasIngeniería Geológica - Tesis y disertaciones académicasAlves, R. G., & Ade, M. B. (1996). Sequence stratigraphy and coal petrography applied to the Candiota Coal Field, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A depositional model. International Journal of Coal Geology 30 231-248.Amaya Medina, E. J. (2009). Litofacies y ambiente de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas. Sogamoso, Boyaca, COL: UPTC.Barker, C. E., & Pawlewicz, M. J. (1994). Calculation of Vitrinite Reflectance from Thermal Histories and Peak Temperatures A Comparison of Methods. Washington D.C, USA: ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 570.Barrera Ponguta, J. A. (2016). Determinación de la madurez térmica de los carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el sinclinal Checua-Lenguazaque. Sogamoso, BOY, COL: UPTC.Boggs, S. J. (2006). Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.Buillit, N. E., Lallier, B., Nicolas, G., & Pradier, B. (2002). Coal petrographic genetic units in deltaic-plain deposits of the Campanian Mesa Verde Group (New Mexico, USA). International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 51 (2), p. 93-110.Calder, J. H., Gibbing, M. R., & Mukhopadhay, P. K. (1991). Peat formation in a Westphalian B pidemont setting, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia: implication for the maceral-based interpretation of rheotrophic and raised paleomires. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 162, 283–298.Cooper, M. A., Addison, F. T., Alvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R. H., Hayward, A. B., . . . Tobon, A. (1995). Basin Development and Tectonic History of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera, and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. A.A.P.G Bulletin , 1421-1443.Diessel, C. F. (1986). The correlation between coal facies and depositional environments. In: Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin. Proc. 20th Syrup., Newcastle, N.S.W., pp. 19-22.Duarte B., C., & Parra C., F. (2012). Exploración Gas Metano Asociado al Carbón. Servicio Geológico Colombiano.Duarte Barrera, C. i., Monroy V., W. O., & Rincón, M. A. (2012). EXPLORACIÓN GAS METANO ASOCIADO AL CARBÓN. ÁREA CHECUA CHECUA LENGUAZAQUE. Bogotá, CUN, COL: SERVICIO GEOLÓGICO COLOMBIANO.Etayo, F., Renzoni, G., & Barrero, D. (1969). Contornos sucesivos del mar Cretaceo en Colombia. Bogota, Cundinamarca, COL: Primer congreso Colombiano Geol. Mem 217-252.Fabre, A. (1985). Dinamica de la sedimentacion Cretacica en la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. (Cor. Ori. Col) Proyecto cretacico. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Publi. Geol. Esp. no 16 Ingeominas.Gomez Neita, J. S., Lopez Carrasquilla, M. D., Manosalva Sánchez, S. R., & Naranjo Merchán, W. E. (2016). APORTES A LA DETERMINACIÓN DE PALEOAMBIENTES, CARBONES DEL SINCLINAL CHECUA-LENGUAZAQUE. COLOMBIA. Sogamoso, BOY, COL: Revista Ingeniería, Investigación y Desarrollo.Goodarzi, F. (1985). Organic petrology of Hat Creek Coal deposit No. 1, British Columbia. Int. J. Coal Geol., 5: 377-396.Guatame, C. L., & Sarmiento, G. (2004). Interpretación del Ambiente Sedimentario de los Carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el Sinclinal Checua-Lenguazaque apartir del análisis petrográfico. Bogotá, CUN, COL: Geología Colombiana No. 29.Horne, J. F. (1978). Depositional models in coal exploration and mine planning in Appalachian region. . AAPG Bulletin 62, 2379–2411.Hubach, E. (1957). Estratigrafía de la sabana de Bogotá y sus alrededores. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Bol. Geol., Serv. Geol. Nal., 5 (2): 93-112.INGEOMINAS, C. C. (1992). CARACTERISTICAS Y USOS TECNOLOGICOS CARBONES CUNDINAMARCA BOYACA. CARTOGRAFÍA INGEOMINAS.ISO, 1. (2005). Classification of coals. The International Organization for Standardization.Jiménez , A., Martinez Tarazona, R., & Suárez Ruiz, I. (1999). Paleoenvironmental conditions of Puertollano coals (Spain): petrological and geochemical study. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41 (3), p. 189-211.F. (1979). Espesor, estratigrafía y facies de la Formación Guaduas en algunos sitios del cuadrangulo K-11. Tesis de grado universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Ingenominas, 1-92.Mastalerz, M., Padgett , L., & Eble Cortland, F. (2000). Block coals from Indiana: inferences on changing depositional environment. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 43 (1-4), p. 211-226.Mejia Umaña, L. J., Convers Gomez , C. E., & Gonzales Casallas, J. F. (2006). Análisis de Microlitotipos en los Carbones de la Formación Guaduas en el Sinclinal de Sueva, Cundinamarca. Bogotá, CUN, COL: Geología Colombiana No. 31.Misiak, J. (2002). Środowiska depozycji materii organicznej w torfowiskach karbońskich. Mat. XXV Symp. nt. Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski. Wyd. AGH, Kraków, pp. 105–108.Misiak, J. (2003). Projekt diagramu do analizy facjalnej pokładów węgla kamiennego. Mat. XXIV Symp. nt. Geologia formacji węglonośnych Polski. Wyd. AGH, Kraków, pp. 109–113.Misiak, J. (2006). Petrography and depositional environment of the No. 308 coal seam (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland)—a new approach to maceral quantification and facies analysis. International Journal of Coal Geology 68. 117–126.Mukhopadhyay, P. K. (1986). Petrography of selected Wilcox and Jockson Group lignites from Tertiary of Texas. In: Finkelman, R.B., Casagrade, D.J. Eds.., Geology of Gulf Coast Lignites. Annu. Meet. Geol. Soc. Am., Coal Geol. Div. Field Trip, pp. 126–145.Nowak, G., & Nowak, A. G. (1999). Peat-forming environments of Westplain A coal seams from the Lower Silesian Coal Basin of SW Poland based on petrographic and palynologic data. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, p. 327-351.Ryan, B., Gransden, J., & Price, J. (1997). Fluidity of western canadian coals and its relationship to other coal and coke properties. Canadá: British Columbia Geological Survey.Sarmiento Pérez, G. (1991). Estratigrafia y medios de deposito de la Formación Guaduas. Bogotá, Cundimarca, COL: Ingeominas, Bol Geol, Vol 32, N° 1-3.Sarmiento, G. (1992). Palinología de la Formación Guaduas (Estatigrafica y Sistemática). Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COL: Boletin Geológico No 32, p 45-126.Sarmiento-Rojas, L. F., Van Wess, J. D., & Cloe, S. (2006). Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera,Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21, 383–411.Singh, M. P., & Singh, A. K. (2000). Petrographic characteristics and depositional. Varanasi, IN.Singh, M. P., & Singh, P. K. (1996). Petrographic characterization and evolution of the Permian coal deposits of the Rajmahal Basin, Bihar, India. Int. J. Coal Geol. 29, 3–118.Stach, E., Mackowsky, M. T., Teichmuller, M., Taylor , G. H., Chandra, D., & Teichmuller, R. (1982). Stach’s Textbook of Coal Petrology. Berlin, GER: 3rd edn. Gebruder Borntraeger,535 pp.STANDARDS, A. (2016). Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Gaseous Fuels: Coal and Coke.Suarez Ruiz, I., & Crelling, J. C. (2008). Applied Coal Petrology, The Role of Petrology in Coal Utiliztion. Burlington, MA USA: Academic Press.UPME, U. d. (2012). Cadena del Carbon. Republica de Colombia, ministerio de minas y energia.Vessey, S. J., & Bustin, R. M. (2000). Sedimentology of the coal-bearing Mist Mountain Formation, Line Creek, Southern Canadian Cordillera: relationships to coal quality. 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