Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas
1 recurso en línea (páginas 15-24).
- Autores:
-
Martínez Calles, María del Rosario
Garrido Fariña, Germán Isauro
González Díaz, Francisco Rodolfo
Nieto Bordes, José Luis
Juárez Mosqueda, María de Lourdes
Soto Zárate, Carlos Ignacio
Higuera Piedrahita, Rosa Isabel
García Tovar, Carlos Gerardo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2299
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2299
- Palabra clave:
- Palomas
Colombofilia
Palomas - Desarrollo embrionario - Estudio de casos
Agrosavia
Crecimiento de la pluma
Morfogénesis de la pluma
Pluma
Regeneración de la pluma
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Morphological changes of the calamus of growing remiges feathers in pigeons |
| title |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| spellingShingle |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas Palomas Colombofilia Palomas - Desarrollo embrionario - Estudio de casos Agrosavia Crecimiento de la pluma Morfogénesis de la pluma Pluma Regeneración de la pluma |
| title_short |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| title_full |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| title_fullStr |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| title_sort |
Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Martínez Calles, María del Rosario Garrido Fariña, Germán Isauro González Díaz, Francisco Rodolfo Nieto Bordes, José Luis Juárez Mosqueda, María de Lourdes Soto Zárate, Carlos Ignacio Higuera Piedrahita, Rosa Isabel García Tovar, Carlos Gerardo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Martínez Calles, María del Rosario Garrido Fariña, Germán Isauro González Díaz, Francisco Rodolfo Nieto Bordes, José Luis Juárez Mosqueda, María de Lourdes Soto Zárate, Carlos Ignacio Higuera Piedrahita, Rosa Isabel García Tovar, Carlos Gerardo |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Palomas Colombofilia Palomas - Desarrollo embrionario - Estudio de casos |
| topic |
Palomas Colombofilia Palomas - Desarrollo embrionario - Estudio de casos Agrosavia Crecimiento de la pluma Morfogénesis de la pluma Pluma Regeneración de la pluma |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Crecimiento de la pluma Morfogénesis de la pluma Pluma Regeneración de la pluma |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 15-24). |
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2018 |
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2018-11-16T21:26:54Z |
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2018-11-16T21:26:54Z |
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2018-07-01 |
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Artículo de revista |
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Martínez Calles, M. R, y otros. (2018). Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas. Ciencia y Agricultura, 15(2), 15-24. DOI: http://doi.org/10.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.8392. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2299 |
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2539-0899 |
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10.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.8392 |
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Martínez Calles, M. R, y otros. (2018). Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas. Ciencia y Agricultura, 15(2), 15-24. DOI: http://doi.org/10.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.8392. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2299 2539-0899 10.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.8392 |
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Lin J., Luo J., Redies C. Differential regional expression of multiple ADAMs during feather bud formation. Developmental Dynamics. 2004; 231:741-749. Alibardi L. Cell junctions during morphogenesis of feathers: general ultrastructure with emphasis on adherens junctions. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). 2011; 92: 89-100. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00454.x. Alibardi L. Ultraestructure of the feather follicle in relation to the formation of the rachis in pennaceous feathers. Anat Sci Int. 2010; 85: 79-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-009- 0060-z. Chang CH., Yu M., Wu P., Jiang TX., Yu HS., Widelitz RB., et al. Sculpting skin appendages out of epidermal layers via temporally and spatially regulated apoptotic events. J Invest Dermatol. 2004; 122: 1348-1355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022- 202X.2004.22611.x. Lin SJ., Wideliz RB., Yue Z., Li A., Wu X. Feather regeneration as a model for organogenesis. Develop Growth Differentiation. 2013; 55: 139-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12024. Gade NE., Pratheesh MD., Nath A., Dubey PK., Amarpal G., Sharma T. Therapeutic potential of stem cell in veterinary practice. Vet World. 2012; 5(8): 499-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ vetworld.2012.499-507. Yap KK. Modelling human development and disease: The role of animals, stem cells, and future perspectives. Australian Med Student J. 2012; 3(2): 8-10. Dawson A., Perrins CM., Sharp PJ., Wheeler D., Groves S. The involvement of prolactin in avian molt: the effects of gender and breeding success on the timing of molt in Mute swans (Cygnus olor). General Comparative Endocrinol. 2009; 161(2): 267-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.016. Gienapp P., Merilä JP. Genetic and environmental effects on a condition-dependent trait: feather growth in Siberian jays. J. Evol Biol. 2010; 23: 715-723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420- 9101.2010.01949.x. Prum RO., Dyck J. A hierarchical model of plumage: Morphology, development, and evolution. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol). 2003; 298B: 73-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.27. Alibardi L. Cell organization of barb ridges in regenerating feathers of the quail: implications of the elongation of barb ridges for the evolution and diversification of feathers. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). 2007; 88: 101-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1463-6395.2007.00257.x. Alibardi L. Cytological aspects of the differentiation of barb cells during the formation of the ramus of feathers. Int J Morphol. 2007; 25(1): 73-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717- 95022007000100010. Alibardi L. Cell structure of barb ridges in down feathers and juvenile wing feathers of the developing chick embryo: Barb ridge modification in relation to feather evolution. Ann Anat. 2006; 88: 303-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.01.011. Estrada FE., Peralta ZL., Rivas MP. Manual de Técnicas Histológicas. A.G.T. 1982. Sawyer RH., Rogers L., Washington L., Glenn TC., Knapp LW. Evolutionary origin of the feather epidermis. Developmental Dynamics. 2005; 232: 256-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ dvdy.20291. Yue Z., Jiang TX., Widelitz RB., Chuong C. M. Wnt3a gradient converts radial to bilateral feather symmetry via topological arrangement of epithelia. PNAS. 2006; 103(4): 951-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506894103. Bragulla H., Hirschberg R. Horse hooves and bird feathers: Two model systems for studying the structure and development of highly adapted integumentary accessory organs the role of the dermo epidermal interface for the micro-architecture of complex epidermal structures. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol). 2003; 298B: 140-151. 61. Alibardi L. Wedge cells during regeneration of juvenile and adult feathers and their role in carving out the branching pattern of barbs. Ann Anat. 2007; 189: 234-242. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.11.008. Van CS., Van DBW. Morphological and biochemical aspects of apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis. Anat Histol Embryol. 2002; 31: 214-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439- 0264.2002.00398.x. |
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Revista Ciencia y Agricultura;Volumen 15, número 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2018) |
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Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
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Martínez Calles, María del RosarioGarrido Fariña, Germán IsauroGonzález Díaz, Francisco RodolfoNieto Bordes, José LuisJuárez Mosqueda, María de LourdesSoto Zárate, Carlos IgnacioHiguera Piedrahita, Rosa IsabelGarcía Tovar, Carlos Gerardo2018-11-16T21:26:54Z2018-11-16T21:26:54Z2018-07-01Martínez Calles, M. R, y otros. (2018). Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomas. Ciencia y Agricultura, 15(2), 15-24. DOI: http://doi.org/10.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.8392. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/22992539-0899http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/229910.19053/01228420v15.n2.2018.83921 recurso en línea (páginas 15-24).Las plumas se han utilizado para estudiar procesos de diferenciación celular y morfogénesis. Existen pocos estudios histológicos en animales adultos que describan de manera secuencial la maduración de los componentes celulares durante el crecimiento; así que el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características histológicas de este proceso, abarcando los elementos celulares y sus relaciones anatómicas. Se obtuvieron plumas remeras de palomas, en las que se había inducido un proceso de regeneración, a los 8, 13, 18, 23 y 28 días de crecimiento. Se realizaron cortes histológicos teñidos con diferentes técnicas. Se demostró la presencia de la zona ramogénica, que tiende a disminuir de tamaño del día 8 al 28. En las crestas de la barba se observaron células de la barba, barbulares y de la placa axial, quedando cada cresta delimitada por la placa marginal. Las características celulares variaron de acuerdo con la región de las crestas, mostrando en la placa marginal transiciones de células escamosas a cuboides y nuevamente a escamosas, y, por otro lado, en la placa barbular de células cuboides a columnares y después a fusiformes. Se identificaron las células obscuras de la zona ramogénica, las cuales, por sus características tintoriales, parecen derivar de la papila dérmica. En conclusión, se realizó la caracterización histológica del cálamo y se describió, por primera vez, de manera secuencial en las diferentes etapas del crecimiento.Feathers have been studied in processes of cellular differentiation and morphogenesis; however, only few histological studies in adult animals describe the maturation of the cellular components sequentially. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the histological characteristics, covering the cellular elements and their anatomical relationships. Pigeon feathers were withdrawn to induce regeneration, and samples were taken at different times: 8 (sprout time), 13, 18, 23, and 28 days. We prepared histological cuts using different staining techniques. We demonstrated the presence of a very marked ramogenic zone that tends to diminish from day 8 to 28. In the barb ridge, we observed the barb, barbule, and axial plate cells, with the marginal plate delimiting each barb ridge. The cellular characteristics varied according to the ridges region, showing in the marginal plate transitions from squamous to cuboidal and back to squamous cells; and, in the barbular plate, from cuboidal to columnar and then to fusiform cells. Obscure cells from the ramogenic zone were identified as cells derived from the dermal papilla based on their staining. In conclusion, we characterized the histology of the calamus and, for the first time, described the different growth stages sequentially.Bibliografía: páginas 23-24.application/pdfspaUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencia_agricultura/article/view/8392/7081Cambios morfológicos del cálamo de las plumas remeras en crecimiento de palomasMorphological changes of the calamus of growing remiges feathers in pigeonsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Lin J., Luo J., Redies C. Differential regional expression of multiple ADAMs during feather bud formation. Developmental Dynamics. 2004; 231:741-749.Alibardi L. Cell junctions during morphogenesis of feathers: general ultrastructure with emphasis on adherens junctions. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). 2011; 92: 89-100. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00454.x.Alibardi L. Ultraestructure of the feather follicle in relation to the formation of the rachis in pennaceous feathers. Anat Sci Int. 2010; 85: 79-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-009- 0060-z.Chang CH., Yu M., Wu P., Jiang TX., Yu HS., Widelitz RB., et al. Sculpting skin appendages out of epidermal layers via temporally and spatially regulated apoptotic events. J Invest Dermatol. 2004; 122: 1348-1355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022- 202X.2004.22611.x.Lin SJ., Wideliz RB., Yue Z., Li A., Wu X. Feather regeneration as a model for organogenesis. Develop Growth Differentiation. 2013; 55: 139-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12024.Gade NE., Pratheesh MD., Nath A., Dubey PK., Amarpal G., Sharma T. Therapeutic potential of stem cell in veterinary practice. Vet World. 2012; 5(8): 499-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ vetworld.2012.499-507.Yap KK. Modelling human development and disease: The role of animals, stem cells, and future perspectives. Australian Med Student J. 2012; 3(2): 8-10.Dawson A., Perrins CM., Sharp PJ., Wheeler D., Groves S. The involvement of prolactin in avian molt: the effects of gender and breeding success on the timing of molt in Mute swans (Cygnus olor). General Comparative Endocrinol. 2009; 161(2): 267-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.016.Gienapp P., Merilä JP. Genetic and environmental effects on a condition-dependent trait: feather growth in Siberian jays. J. Evol Biol. 2010; 23: 715-723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420- 9101.2010.01949.x.Prum RO., Dyck J. A hierarchical model of plumage: Morphology, development, and evolution. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol). 2003; 298B: 73-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.27.Alibardi L. Cell organization of barb ridges in regenerating feathers of the quail: implications of the elongation of barb ridges for the evolution and diversification of feathers. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). 2007; 88: 101-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1463-6395.2007.00257.x.Alibardi L. Cytological aspects of the differentiation of barb cells during the formation of the ramus of feathers. Int J Morphol. 2007; 25(1): 73-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717- 95022007000100010.Alibardi L. Cell structure of barb ridges in down feathers and juvenile wing feathers of the developing chick embryo: Barb ridge modification in relation to feather evolution. Ann Anat. 2006; 88: 303-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.01.011.Estrada FE., Peralta ZL., Rivas MP. Manual de Técnicas Histológicas. A.G.T. 1982.Sawyer RH., Rogers L., Washington L., Glenn TC., Knapp LW. Evolutionary origin of the feather epidermis. Developmental Dynamics. 2005; 232: 256-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ dvdy.20291.Yue Z., Jiang TX., Widelitz RB., Chuong C. M. Wnt3a gradient converts radial to bilateral feather symmetry via topological arrangement of epithelia. PNAS. 2006; 103(4): 951-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506894103.Bragulla H., Hirschberg R. Horse hooves and bird feathers: Two model systems for studying the structure and development of highly adapted integumentary accessory organs the role of the dermo epidermal interface for the micro-architecture of complex epidermal structures. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol). 2003; 298B: 140-151. 61.Alibardi L. Wedge cells during regeneration of juvenile and adult feathers and their role in carving out the branching pattern of barbs. Ann Anat. 2007; 189: 234-242. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.11.008.Van CS., Van DBW. Morphological and biochemical aspects of apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis. Anat Histol Embryol. 2002; 31: 214-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439- 0264.2002.00398.x.Revista Ciencia y Agricultura;Volumen 15, número 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2018)PalomasColombofiliaPalomas - Desarrollo embrionario - Estudio de casosAgrosaviaCrecimiento de la plumaMorfogénesis de la plumaPlumaRegeneración de la plumaORIGINALPPS_933_Cambios_morfologicos_calamo.pdfPPS_933_Cambios_morfologicos_calamo.pdfArchivo principalapplication/pdf804862https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/010d0d7b-6997-4a07-99d0-22f4a99c3163/download0a8f7eed8d3790fa8459909d1f492361MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/a7eda4bc-010f-49f2-bd73-24b667e1c65b/download88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD52TEXTPPS-933.pdf.txtPPS-933.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain34611https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/f5eab7bc-003c-4b2e-a880-b755c1916b80/download55f062289991d6f0ff1d0df1add8724aMD53PPS_933_Cambios_morfologicos_calamo.pdf.txtPPS_933_Cambios_morfologicos_calamo.pdf.txtExtracted 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